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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Gregory Rift (1)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt (1)
-
-
-
Annapolis Valley (1)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
Anvers Island (1)
-
James Ross Island (2)
-
Marie Byrd Land (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Da Hinggan Ling (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Songliao Basin (1)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea
-
Cheju Island (2)
-
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mayon (1)
-
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Russian Far East (1)
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores
-
Faial Island (1)
-
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Bass Strait
-
Bass Basin (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Otago New Zealand
-
Kakanui (1)
-
-
Ruapehu (1)
-
Taranaki New Zealand
-
Mount Egmont (1)
-
-
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia
-
Annapolis County Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
-
Northwest Territories
-
Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
Cascade Range (1)
-
Central America
-
Guatemala
-
Santiaguito (1)
-
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Russian Far East (1)
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Santorin (1)
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Central Iberian Zone (1)
-
Portugal (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Monte Somma (1)
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Armorican Massif (1)
-
Central Massif (1)
-
Charente-Maritime France (1)
-
Finistere France
-
Crozon Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Iceland
-
Grimsvotn (1)
-
Hekla (1)
-
Katla (1)
-
Laki (1)
-
Vatnajokull (1)
-
Vestmannaeyjar (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Lake District (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Santorin (1)
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean Sea (1)
-
Mexico
-
Baja California Mexico (1)
-
Chiapas Mexico
-
El Chichon (1)
-
-
Jalisco Mexico
-
Colima (1)
-
-
Mexico state
-
Nevado de Toluca (1)
-
-
Michoacan Mexico (1)
-
Michoacan-Guanajuato volcanic field (1)
-
Pico de Orizaba (1)
-
Popocatepetl (2)
-
Puebla Mexico (1)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (2)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
-
-
North Island (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
South Pacific
-
Kermadec Trench (4)
-
-
-
Peninsular Ranges (2)
-
San Nicolas Island (1)
-
Scotia Sea Islands
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (1)
-
-
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (1)
-
Galeras (1)
-
-
Chile (1)
-
Colombia
-
Galeras (1)
-
-
Peru
-
Arequipa Peru (1)
-
-
-
South Island (1)
-
Southern Ocean
-
Bransfield Strait (1)
-
Ross Sea
-
McMurdo Sound (1)
-
-
-
Taranaki Basin (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Alaska Peninsula (1)
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Katmai (1)
-
Novarupta (1)
-
Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Coconino County Arizona (1)
-
-
Arkansas
-
Howard County Arkansas (1)
-
-
California
-
Channel Islands (1)
-
Northern California (1)
-
San Bernardino County California
-
Needles California (1)
-
-
Santa Monica Mountains (1)
-
Shasta County California (1)
-
Trinity County California (1)
-
Ventura County California
-
Simi Hills (1)
-
-
-
Kansas
-
Cherokee County Kansas (1)
-
Hamilton County Kansas (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Nye County Nevada (4)
-
-
Ohio
-
Jefferson County Ohio
-
Steubenville Ohio (1)
-
-
-
Texas
-
Jack County Texas (1)
-
King County Texas (1)
-
West Texas (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (1)
-
-
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
-
-
commodities
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
metal ores
-
gold ores (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (5)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
deuterium (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
helium (2)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Textulariina (1)
-
-
-
-
microfossils (2)
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
Classopollis (1)
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida (1)
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferae (1)
-
Coniferales
-
Pinaceae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (8)
-
He/He (1)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Th/U (2)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (5)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (1)
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene
-
Poway Conglomerate (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Trinity Group (1)
-
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Trinity Group (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic (2)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (2)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Katian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Blaine Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Leonardian (1)
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (1)
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
peperite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (6)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (1)
-
-
columnar basalt (1)
-
flood basalts (1)
-
mare basalts (1)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (3)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
pumice (2)
-
scoria (7)
-
tuff (5)
-
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (1)
-
-
tephrite (1)
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
schists (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
arsenates (1)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
sylvite (1)
-
-
-
organic minerals
-
amber (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hastingsite (1)
-
kaersutite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
olivine group
-
olivine (2)
-
-
-
-
-
wehrlite (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (9)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Gregory Rift (1)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
Anvers Island (1)
-
James Ross Island (2)
-
Marie Byrd Land (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
Deception Island (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Da Hinggan Ling (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Songliao Basin (1)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea
-
Cheju Island (2)
-
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mayon (1)
-
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
Russian Far East (1)
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
-
asteroids (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores
-
Faial Island (1)
-
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Bass Strait
-
Bass Basin (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Otago New Zealand
-
Kakanui (1)
-
-
Ruapehu (1)
-
Taranaki New Zealand
-
Mount Egmont (1)
-
-
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia
-
Annapolis County Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
-
Northwest Territories
-
Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (5)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (1)
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene
-
Poway Conglomerate (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Central America
-
Guatemala
-
Santiaguito (1)
-
-
-
climate change (1)
-
crust (4)
-
crystal structure (2)
-
crystallography (1)
-
data processing (2)
-
deformation (3)
-
ecology (1)
-
Europe
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Santorin (1)
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Central Iberian Zone (1)
-
Portugal (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Monte Somma (1)
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Armorican Massif (1)
-
Central Massif (1)
-
Charente-Maritime France (1)
-
Finistere France
-
Crozon Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Iceland
-
Grimsvotn (1)
-
Hekla (1)
-
Katla (1)
-
Laki (1)
-
Vatnajokull (1)
-
Vestmannaeyjar (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
explosions (1)
-
faults (9)
-
folds (2)
-
fractures (2)
-
geochemistry (5)
-
geochronology (2)
-
geomorphology (7)
-
geophysical methods (6)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
glacial geology (2)
-
ground water (2)
-
hydrogen
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
hydrology (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
peperite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
garnet lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (6)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (1)
-
-
columnar basalt (1)
-
flood basalts (1)
-
mare basalts (1)
-
tholeiite (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (3)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
pumice (2)
-
scoria (7)
-
tuff (5)
-
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (1)
-
-
tephrite (1)
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions (2)
-
intrusions (6)
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Textulariina (1)
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
deuterium (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
lava (9)
-
magmas (14)
-
mantle (2)
-
marine geology (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Santorin (1)
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean Sea (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Trinity Group (1)
-
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Trinity Group (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic (2)
-
-
metal ores
-
gold ores (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
schists (1)
-
-
metasomatism (1)
-
Mexico
-
Baja California Mexico (1)
-
Chiapas Mexico
-
El Chichon (1)
-
-
Jalisco Mexico
-
Colima (1)
-
-
Mexico state
-
Nevado de Toluca (1)
-
-
Michoacan Mexico (1)
-
Michoacan-Guanajuato volcanic field (1)
-
Pico de Orizaba (1)
-
Popocatepetl (2)
-
Puebla Mexico (1)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
Moon (1)
-
noble gases
-
helium (2)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
-
-
ocean floors (3)
-
oceanography (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
South Pacific
-
Kermadec Trench (4)
-
-
-
paleobotany (4)
-
paleoclimatology (1)
-
paleoecology (1)
-
paleogeography (2)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
paleontology (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Cisco Group (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (2)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Katian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Blaine Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Leonardian (1)
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (1)
-
-
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Insight into a rift volcanism with the petrogenesis of ultramafic enclaves and the host basalts: Kula Volcanic Field, Western Anatolia, Turkey
New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. XIX. Axelite, Na 14 Cu 7 (AsO 4 ) 8 F 2 Cl 2
Katian volcanism in Central Armorican Domain (France) and Central Iberian Zone (Portugal): a single monogenetic basaltic field?
The late Holocene Nealtican lava-flow field, Popocatépetl volcano, central Mexico: Emplacement dynamics and future hazards
Comparative morphometric analysis suggests ice-cored pingo-shaped landforms on the dwarf planet Ceres
Abstract The Changbaishan volcanic field located on the Gaima (Gaema, Gaiman) Plateau has witnessed plateau-forming eruptions along with the uplift of the Gaima Plateau. The Tianchi basaltic lava shield volcano was formed at the main peak of Changbaishan, with cone construction eruptions that formed a huge and steep trachytic composite cone on the gentle lava shield. At the peak of the Millennium Eruption (ME), the height of the eruption column reached 25 km and the bulk volume of tephra was about 120 km 3 . The ME eventually formed Tianchi caldera, after which several eruptions occurred, albeit of a much smaller scale. The magmas involved in the shield-forming eruptions are characterized by both alkalic series trachybasalt and basaltic trachyandesite and subalkalic tholeiite and basaltic andesite. In the cone-construction and ignimbrite-forming eruption stages, the magma is completely composed of alkalic series trachyte and comendite. The largest negative Eu anomalies observed in ME magmas indicate that plagioclase was strongly crystallized and differentiated.
Abstract The Longgang volcanic field (LVF) is a monogenetic volcanic field in China that erupted in the Quaternary, forming more than 100 scoria cones and maars in an area of over 1500 km 2 . The most recent eruption occurred c. 1500–1700 years ago. By summarizing the results of previous and recent research, this paper reviews the geological background, volcano distribution, eruption history, typical volcanoes and geochemical characteristics of the LVF. The volcanic activities in the LVF were structurally controlled by near-EW-, NW- and NE-trending faults. An analysis of typical volcanic edifices reveals that at least two eruptive episodes occurred in the Holocene, and most of the maars in the LVF have characteristics of multiple eruptive styles. It is concluded that the eruption types included effusive eruptions, magma explosive eruptions and phreatomagmatic eruptions. The results of geochemical studies of LVF eruptive products show that most of the rock is trachybasalt and that the magma rarely interacts with crustal rocks. Compared with the previous results for the neighbouring Changbaishan polygenetic volcanic field, the probable origins of their differences in volcanism are discussed.
Wudalianchi volcanic field, NE China: tectonic setting, eruptive history, and geophysical insights
Abstract Combined geological, geochronological and geophysical data demonstrate that the evolution of the Wudalianchi volcanic field is closely linked to the most recent tectonic movements affecting the Songliao Basin, driven by dynamics associated with the subducting slab of the Pacific Plate. Intense volcanic activity has occurred in the Wudalianchi since the middle Pleistocene, including historical eruptions in 1720, 1721 and 1776. Together with radiometric age data, variations in the geomorphology of the volcanic cones reflect the effects of multiple eruptions at the same locations but during different periods. Geophysical data – including seismic images, tomography and magneto-telluric profiles – suggest the existence of subsurface low-resistivity bodies beneath some of the volcanoes, posing the potential that these could reactivate and erupt again in the future. To better characterize and elucidate the magmatic and volcanic processes operative in the Wudalianchi volcanic field over geological time, it is essential to conduct systematic geochemical and isotopic studies of many more samples of eruptive product, especially those from the older, single volcanoes.
Abstract The Halaha River–Chaoer River (HC) volcanic field in the Greater Hinggan Mountain Range (NE China) consists of at least 41 monogenetic basaltic volcanoes. Strombolian, violent Strombolian and phreatomagmatic eruptions, as well as the transitional eruptions, generated simple volcanic cones (single vent) and composite volcanic cones (multiple vents). The simple elongated cone is the most abundant geomorphology type. By analysing the elongated crater and coalescent aligned circular crater, cone breaching and depression, and aligned vents, we identified a number of magma-feeding fissures. The majority of these fissures strike NE–ENE. Accordingly, we infer that the regional stress field affected volcanism in the HC field. The lavas in this field are alkali basalts that are enriched in light rare earth elements (La/Yb N = 7.9–24.5). Their ocean island basalt-like rare earth element and spider-diagram patterns, high Nb/U ratios and high TiO 2 contents (>2 wt%) indicate that the basalts were derived from the asthenosphere mantle. Both the asthenosphere upwelling and the tectonic forces are the key controlling factors of the volcanism in the HC field.
Volcanic geology and petrochemistry of Ashikule volcanic field in western Kunlun Mountains of the Tibetan plateau
Abstract Ashikule volcanic field, developed in the western Kunlun mountain of north Tibet, is composed of approximately 10 volcanoes, and covers a total area of about 200 km 2 at an average altitude of approximately 5000 m, one of the highest volcanic fields in the world. In this study, we conducted detailed field investigations of the geological and geomorphological features of volcanic rocks and volcanic edifices in Ashikule basin, and compiled a large-scale geological map of the study area for the first time. We also collected a series of samples for petrochemistry analysis, as well as a high-precision 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology study of selected lavas from Ashikule volcanic field. Finally, we refined the eruption history for the volcanic activity in the basin, which provides some new volcanological evidence for the study of the tectonic evolution of the Northern Tibetan Plateau.
Chapter 3.2a Bransfield Strait and James Ross Island: volcanology
Abstract Following more than 25 years of exploration and research since the last regional appraisal, the number of known subaerially exposed volcanoes in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region has more than trebled, from less than 15 to more than 50, and that total must be increased at least three-fold if seamounts in Bransfield Strait are included. Several volcanoes remain unvisited and there are relatively few detailed studies. The region includes Deception Island, the most prolific active volcano in Antarctica, and Mount Haddington, the largest volcano in Antarctica. The tectonic environment of the volcanism is more variable than elsewhere in Antarctica. Most of the volcanism is related to subduction. It includes very young ensialic marginal basin volcanism (Bransfield Strait), back-arc alkaline volcanism (James Ross Island Volcanic Group) and slab-window-related volcanism (seamount offshore of Anvers Island), as well as volcanism of uncertain origin (Anvers and Brabant islands; small volcanic centres on Livingston and Greenwich islands). Only ‘normal’ arc volcanism is not clearly represented, possibly because active subduction virtually ceased at c. 4 Ma. The eruptive environment for the volcanism varied between subglacial, marine and subaerial but a subglacial setting is prominent, particularly in the James Ross Island Volcanic Group.
Conifers from the Cenomanian amber of Fouras (Charente-Maritime, western France)
Hazards from lava–river interactions during the 1783–1784 Laki fissure eruption
The control of preexisting faults on the distribution, morphology, and volume of monogenetic volcanism in the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field
Iceland: The Formation and Evolution of a Young, Dynamic, Volcanic Island—A Field Trip Guide
ABSTRACT Iceland is a young, dynamic, volcanic island with a unique tectonomagmatic setting at the intersection of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and a mantle hotspot. The combination of this tectonomagmatic setting, a history of glaciation, and the sparse vegetation of a subarctic maritime climate means that Iceland has both intriguing geology and outstanding exposures of this geology. This field trip guide contains an introduction to the geology of Iceland and an itinerary for a 10-day journey around the island. The itinerary consists of 55 stops and 15 optional stops. These stops include exposure to representative examples of most phenomena typical of the island’s geology and all of the major tectonic elements of Iceland. The primary focus of this guide is on volcanic and tectonic features, but topics such as glaciation, geothermal energy, geomorphology, paleontology, soil loss, and geotourism are also addressed.
In-context interpretation: Avoiding pitfalls in misidentification of igneous bodies in seismic data
Abstract The West Antarctic Ice Sheet overlies the West Antarctic Rift System about which, due to the comprehensive ice cover, we have only limited and sporadic knowledge of volcanic activity and its extent. Improving our understanding of subglacial volcanic activity across the province is important both for helping to constrain how volcanism and rifting may have influenced ice-sheet growth and decay over previous glacial cycles, and in light of concerns over whether enhanced geothermal heat fluxes and subglacial melting may contribute to instability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Here, we use ice-sheet bed-elevation data to locate individual conical edifices protruding upwards into the ice across West Antarctica, and we propose that these edifices represent subglacial volcanoes. We used aeromagnetic, aerogravity, satellite imagery and databases of confirmed volcanoes to support this interpretation. The overall result presented here constitutes a first inventory of West Antarctica’s subglacial volcanism. We identified 138 volcanoes, 91 of which have not previously been identified, and which are widely distributed throughout the deep basins of West Antarctica, but are especially concentrated and orientated along the >3000 km central axis of the West Antarctic Rift System.