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Primary terms
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carbon
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Quaternary
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Paleocene
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Shahejie Formation (4)
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Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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Protista
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Malay Archipelago
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (3)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian
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Carlile Shale (1)
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K-T boundary (2)
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Turonian
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Tuscaloosa Formation (2)
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Jurassic
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Heather Formation (3)
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Middle Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic
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Arab Formation (1)
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North America
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Pacific Ocean
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian
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Upper Carboniferous (1)
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Devonian
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Itarare Subgroup (1)
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Upper Ordovician (3)
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Phosphoria Formation (1)
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Llandovery (1)
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upper Paleozoic (2)
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Weber Sandstone (1)
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Plantae
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Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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The rejuvenation of hydrocarbon exploration in the Eastern Mediterranean
Quantifying multiple source rock contributions to petroleum fluids: Bias in using compound ratios and neglecting the gas fraction
Hydrogeochemistry of Pre-Jurassic Aquifers in West Siberia
Abstract The Erskine high-pressure–high-temperature gas condensate field was the first such field developed in the UK Continental Shelf. Since production started in 1997, the field has produced over 350 bcf of gas and 70 MMbbl of condensate. The reservoir pressure has depleted from an initial pressure of 960 bar (13 920 psi) down to 140–400 bar (2030–5800 psi), resulting in some compaction and sand production in some of the wells. Free water production has led to the formation of wellbore scale, which has required interventions to remove. The reservoirs are sandstones of the Jurassic Puffin, Pentland and Heather formations. Estimates of hydrocarbons in place made using production and pressure data compare favourably with the initial estimates made during field development planning, although the Pentland Formation volume is some 20% below the sanction estimate. Several major field outages have occurred, such as a condensate fire in 2010 and a blockage of the multiphase export pipeline in 2007. In addition, the field has experienced flow assurance problems related to scale and wax deposition. A new pipeline section was installed in 2018 to bypass a full pipeline blockage which occurred due to wax deposition.
Abstract The Lower Cretaceous Britannia Field development is one of the largest and most significant undertaken on the UK Continental Shelf. Production started in 1998 via 17 pre-drilled development wells and was followed by a decade of intensive drilling, whereby a further 40 wells were added. In 2000 Britannia's plateau production of 800 MMscfgd supplied 8% of the UK's domestic gas requirements. As the field has matured, so too has its development strategy. Initial near-field development drilling targeting optimal reservoir thickness was followed by extended reach wells into the stratigraphic pinchout region. In 2014 a further strategy shift was made, moving from infill drilling to a long-term compression project to maximize existing production. During its 20-year history the Britannia Platform has undergone numerous changes. In addition to compression, production from five satellite fields has been routed through the facility: Caledonia (2003), Callanish and Brodgar (2008), Enochdhu (2015) and Alder (2016). A new field, Finlaggan, is due to be brought through Britannia's facilities in 2020, helping to maximize value from the asset for years to come. As Britannia marks 20 years of production it has produced c. 600 MMboe – surpassing the original ultimate recoverable estimate of c. 570 MMboe – and is still going strong today.
Abstract The Goldeneye gas-condensate field lies in the Moray Firth Basin in the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) approximately 100 km off the NE coast of Scotland. The field was discovered in 1996 as a normally pressured accumulation with estimated gas-initially-in-place (GIIP) of 810 bcf with a thin oil rim in the Lower Cretaceous Captain Sandstone Member in a three-way, dip-closed structure. Field development included five production wells, with first gas achieved in 2004. Goldeneye was steadily produced under moderate aquifer support until cessation of production (COP) in 2010 following water breakthrough at the wells. Over its lifetime Goldeneye has produced 568 bcf of gas and 23 MMbbl of condensate. Around the time of COP, the UK Carbon Capture and Storage Commercialisation Competition was announced, and Goldeneye was evaluated as a candidate. The removal of significant volumes of hydrocarbons through production left remaining capacity that could be refilled without reservoir pressure significantly exceeding virgin conditions. However, following withdrawal of funding from the UK Government in 2015, the project was put on hold. Since then additional subsurface work has been conducted to support the successful abandonment of the development wells, which had previously been suspended since 2010.
Abstract The Penguins Cluster of fields are owned jointly (50:50) by Shell UK Ltd (Shell) and Esso Exploration and Production UK Ltd (Esso), with Shell as the operator. The cluster was discovered in 1974 and is composed of a combination of oil and gas condensate accumulations located 50–65 km north of the Brent Field, at the northern end of the North Viking Graben. Two main producing reservoirs are present: the Penguins West Field (Penguin A) consists of an Upper Jurassic Magnus Sandstone Member reservoir, while the Penguins East Field (Penguin C, D and E) consists of a Middle Jurassic Brent Group reservoir, underlain by currently undeveloped Statfjord and Triassic (Cormorant) reservoirs. The Magnus reservoir is composed of turbidite sands with an average porosity of 15% and permeabilities of 0.10–300 mD. The Brent reservoirs are composed of deltaic shoreface deposits with an average porosity of 14% and permeabilities of 0.01–1000 mD. The fields were brought on stream in 2003 as a subsea development via what at the time was the world's longest comingled tieback to the Brent Charlie facility. A total of nine producing wells have been drilled from four subsea manifolds, producing c. 78 MMboe to date through depletion drive.
The Edradour Field, Block 206/4a, UK Atlantic Margin
Abstract The Edradour Field, located in Licence P1453 on Block 206/4a of the Faroe–Shetland Basin, was put on production in August 2017. It lies c. 50 km NW of the Shetland Islands in a water depth of c. 300 m, and consists of one subsea well that produces gas condensate from the Albian Black Sail Member of the Commodore Formation. It is part of a joint development scheme along with the Glenlivet Field that sees the commingled multiphase production transported to the Shetland Gas Plant via tieback to the pre-existing Laggan–Tormore flowlines. The Edradour single well development has reserves of 21 MMboe from a gas initially-in-place of 142 bcf. It is operated by Total E&P UK Ltd under the P1453 licence with Ineos E&P (UK) Ltd and SSE E&P UK Ltd as partners.