- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Asia
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Deccan Plateau (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic (1)
-
-
Blue Mountain (1)
-
Blue Mountains (1)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (2)
-
-
-
Cascade Range (5)
-
Cascadia subduction zone (1)
-
Channeled Scabland (8)
-
Coast Ranges (2)
-
Columbia Hills (1)
-
Columbia River (5)
-
Columbia River basin (1)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
Grays Harbor (1)
-
Indian Ocean (1)
-
Kerguelen Plateau (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Valley and Ridge Province (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Great Plains (1)
-
North American Cordillera (1)
-
Okanagan Valley (2)
-
Rio Grande Rift (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
Pacific Coast (3)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Escanaba Trough (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Escanaba Trough (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Ontong Java Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Pasco Basin (12)
-
Pioneer Mountains (1)
-
Snake River basin (1)
-
Snake River canyon (1)
-
South America
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
-
United States
-
Arizona (1)
-
California
-
The Geysers (1)
-
-
Columbia Plateau (126)
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Hawaii (1)
-
Idaho
-
Adams County Idaho (1)
-
Bingham County Idaho (1)
-
Blaine County Idaho (1)
-
Butte County Idaho (2)
-
Clark County Idaho (1)
-
Clearwater County Idaho (1)
-
Custer County Idaho (1)
-
Elmore County Idaho (1)
-
Idaho County Idaho (1)
-
Jefferson County Idaho (1)
-
Latah County Idaho (1)
-
Lewis County Idaho (2)
-
Lost River Range (1)
-
Nez Perce County Idaho (3)
-
Owyhee County Idaho (4)
-
Snake River plain (7)
-
Snake River Plain Aquifer (1)
-
Washington County Idaho (1)
-
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Nevada
-
Roberts Mountains Allochthon (1)
-
-
New Mexico (1)
-
Oregon
-
Baker County Oregon (2)
-
Brothers fault zone (2)
-
Clackamas County Oregon (1)
-
Clatsop County Oregon (1)
-
Columbia County Oregon (1)
-
Harney County Oregon
-
Steens Mountain (4)
-
-
Hood River County Oregon (1)
-
Lincoln County Oregon (1)
-
Multnomah County Oregon
-
Portland Oregon (1)
-
-
Umatilla County Oregon (1)
-
Union County Oregon (1)
-
Wallowa County Oregon (4)
-
Wallowa Mountains (2)
-
Willamette Valley (2)
-
-
Owyhee Mountains (3)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Virginia (1)
-
Washington
-
Adams County Washington (2)
-
Asotin County Washington (3)
-
Benton County Washington
-
Richland Washington (3)
-
-
Chelan County Washington (1)
-
Columbia County Washington (1)
-
Cowlitz County Washington (1)
-
Douglas County Washington (1)
-
Franklin County Washington (5)
-
Garfield County Washington (2)
-
Grant County Washington (6)
-
Grays Harbor County Washington (1)
-
Hanford Site (17)
-
King County Washington (1)
-
Kittitas County Washington (3)
-
Klickitat County Washington (2)
-
Lewis County Washington (2)
-
Lincoln County Washington
-
Odessa Washington (1)
-
-
Olympic Mountains (1)
-
Olympic Peninsula (1)
-
Pacific County Washington (2)
-
Pierce County Washington (1)
-
Skamania County Washington (1)
-
Wahkiakum County Washington (1)
-
Walla Walla County Washington (3)
-
Whitman County Washington (4)
-
Yakima County Washington (4)
-
-
Western U.S. (10)
-
Yakima fold belt (3)
-
-
-
commodities
-
energy sources (1)
-
geothermal energy (2)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (1)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-14 (2)
-
-
chemical ratios (2)
-
halogens
-
bromine
-
bromide ion (1)
-
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (2)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
fluorine
-
fluoride ion (1)
-
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (2)
-
deuterium (2)
-
-
isotope ratios (4)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-38 (1)
-
C-14 (2)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
Cs-137 (4)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Tc-99 (3)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
D/H (2)
-
deuterium (2)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sr-87 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (4)
-
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
cobalt (1)
-
hafnium (1)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (1)
-
platinum group
-
ruthenium (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
technetium
-
Tc-99 (3)
-
-
titanium (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-38 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Carnivora (1)
-
Ungulata (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Porifera
-
Calcarea
-
Sphinctozoa (1)
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (3)
-
exposure age (1)
-
K/Ar (2)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (9)
-
tephrochronology (2)
-
U/Pb (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Pleistocene
-
Lake Missoula (8)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (6)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (58)
-
Ellensburg Formation (2)
-
Frenchman Springs Member (4)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (24)
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (5)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (11)
-
Wanapum Basalt (11)
-
Yakima Basalt (3)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
-
Ringold Formation (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Norian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
-
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
columnar basalt (2)
-
flood basalts (18)
-
tholeiitic basalt (4)
-
-
glasses
-
palagonite (2)
-
volcanic glass (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metaigneous rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
-
turbidite (1)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (1)
-
-
minerals (1)
-
selenites (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
pyroxene group (1)
-
-
chlorophaeite (2)
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
opal (1)
-
quartz (1)
-
-
zeolite group (1)
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
smectite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (6)
-
Asia
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Deccan Plateau (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic (1)
-
-
biogeography (1)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-14 (2)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Pleistocene
-
Lake Missoula (8)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (6)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (58)
-
Ellensburg Formation (2)
-
Frenchman Springs Member (4)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (24)
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (5)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (11)
-
Wanapum Basalt (11)
-
Yakima Basalt (3)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
-
Ringold Formation (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Carnivora (1)
-
Ungulata (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
climate change (1)
-
conservation (3)
-
crust (11)
-
data processing (7)
-
deformation (4)
-
earthquakes (3)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
economic geology (2)
-
energy sources (1)
-
engineering geology (2)
-
epeirogeny (1)
-
explosions (1)
-
faults (12)
-
folds (8)
-
foliation (1)
-
fractures (5)
-
geochemistry (20)
-
geochronology (4)
-
geomorphology (9)
-
geophysical methods (15)
-
geophysics (1)
-
geothermal energy (2)
-
glacial geology (3)
-
ground water (14)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (2)
-
deuterium (2)
-
-
hydrogeology (1)
-
hydrology (7)
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
columnar basalt (2)
-
flood basalts (18)
-
tholeiitic basalt (4)
-
-
glasses
-
palagonite (2)
-
volcanic glass (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions (1)
-
Indian Ocean (1)
-
intrusions (9)
-
Invertebrata
-
Porifera
-
Calcarea
-
Sphinctozoa (1)
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-38 (1)
-
C-14 (2)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
Cs-137 (4)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Tc-99 (3)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
D/H (2)
-
deuterium (2)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sr-87 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
land use (1)
-
lava (27)
-
magmas (15)
-
mantle (4)
-
maps (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Norian (1)
-
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (4)
-
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
cobalt (1)
-
hafnium (1)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (1)
-
platinum group
-
ruthenium (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
technetium
-
Tc-99 (3)
-
-
titanium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metaigneous rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
-
metamorphism (1)
-
metasomatism (2)
-
meteorology (1)
-
mineralogy (2)
-
minerals (1)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-38 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Valley and Ridge Province (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Great Plains (1)
-
North American Cordillera (1)
-
Okanagan Valley (2)
-
Rio Grande Rift (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
-
nuclear facilities (2)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 169
-
ODP Site 1037 (1)
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii (1)
-
-
-
orogeny (3)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
Pacific Coast (3)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Escanaba Trough (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Escanaba Trough (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Ontong Java Plateau (1)
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (1)
-
paleoecology (2)
-
paleogeography (5)
-
paleomagnetism (9)
-
paleontology (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
-
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
-
-
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (1)
-
-
petrology (17)
-
phase equilibria (1)
-
plate tectonics (8)
-
pollution (15)
-
reclamation (1)
-
remote sensing (1)
-
rock mechanics (1)
-
sedimentary petrology (4)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
-
sandstone (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
planar bedding structures
-
rhythmic bedding (1)
-
rhythmite (3)
-
varves (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
clastic dikes (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (8)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
clay (2)
-
dust (1)
-
gravel (2)
-
loess (4)
-
sand (5)
-
silt (1)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
seismology (2)
-
soils
-
Alfisols (1)
-
fragipans (1)
-
Mollisols (1)
-
-
South America
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
-
stratigraphy (20)
-
structural analysis (2)
-
structural geology (11)
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (7)
-
-
tectonophysics (2)
-
United States
-
Arizona (1)
-
California
-
The Geysers (1)
-
-
Columbia Plateau (126)
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Hawaii (1)
-
Idaho
-
Adams County Idaho (1)
-
Bingham County Idaho (1)
-
Blaine County Idaho (1)
-
Butte County Idaho (2)
-
Clark County Idaho (1)
-
Clearwater County Idaho (1)
-
Custer County Idaho (1)
-
Elmore County Idaho (1)
-
Idaho County Idaho (1)
-
Jefferson County Idaho (1)
-
Latah County Idaho (1)
-
Lewis County Idaho (2)
-
Lost River Range (1)
-
Nez Perce County Idaho (3)
-
Owyhee County Idaho (4)
-
Snake River plain (7)
-
Snake River Plain Aquifer (1)
-
Washington County Idaho (1)
-
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Nevada
-
Roberts Mountains Allochthon (1)
-
-
New Mexico (1)
-
Oregon
-
Baker County Oregon (2)
-
Brothers fault zone (2)
-
Clackamas County Oregon (1)
-
Clatsop County Oregon (1)
-
Columbia County Oregon (1)
-
Harney County Oregon
-
Steens Mountain (4)
-
-
Hood River County Oregon (1)
-
Lincoln County Oregon (1)
-
Multnomah County Oregon
-
Portland Oregon (1)
-
-
Umatilla County Oregon (1)
-
Union County Oregon (1)
-
Wallowa County Oregon (4)
-
Wallowa Mountains (2)
-
Willamette Valley (2)
-
-
Owyhee Mountains (3)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Virginia (1)
-
Washington
-
Adams County Washington (2)
-
Asotin County Washington (3)
-
Benton County Washington
-
Richland Washington (3)
-
-
Chelan County Washington (1)
-
Columbia County Washington (1)
-
Cowlitz County Washington (1)
-
Douglas County Washington (1)
-
Franklin County Washington (5)
-
Garfield County Washington (2)
-
Grant County Washington (6)
-
Grays Harbor County Washington (1)
-
Hanford Site (17)
-
King County Washington (1)
-
Kittitas County Washington (3)
-
Klickitat County Washington (2)
-
Lewis County Washington (2)
-
Lincoln County Washington
-
Odessa Washington (1)
-
-
Olympic Mountains (1)
-
Olympic Peninsula (1)
-
Pacific County Washington (2)
-
Pierce County Washington (1)
-
Skamania County Washington (1)
-
Wahkiakum County Washington (1)
-
Walla Walla County Washington (3)
-
Whitman County Washington (4)
-
Yakima County Washington (4)
-
-
Western U.S. (10)
-
Yakima fold belt (3)
-
-
volcanology (3)
-
waste disposal (5)
-
weathering (2)
-
well-logging (3)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
-
sandstone (1)
-
-
-
turbidite (1)
-
volcaniclastics (2)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
mounds (2)
-
sedimentary structures
-
planar bedding structures
-
rhythmic bedding (1)
-
rhythmite (3)
-
varves (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation
-
clastic dikes (1)
-
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
clay (2)
-
dust (1)
-
gravel (2)
-
loess (4)
-
sand (5)
-
silt (1)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
turbidite (1)
-
volcaniclastics (2)
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (3)
-
soils
-
Alfisols (1)
-
fragipans (1)
-
Mollisols (1)
-
-
Columbia Plateau
Permeability correlation structure of the Columbia River Plateau and implications for fluid system architecture in continental large igneous provinces
Geology and in situ stress of the MH-2 borehole, Idaho, USA: Insights into western Snake River Plain structure from geothermal exploration drilling
Detrital zircon record of mid-Paleozoic convergent margin activity in the northern U.S. Rocky Mountains: Implications for the Antler orogeny and early evolution of the North American Cordillera
Soil Temperature Variability in Complex Terrain Measured Using Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing
Soil Moisture Differences between Terracette Benches and Risers on Semiarid Rangeland Hillslopes
Whether the volcanism of the Columbia River Plateau, eastern Snake River Plain, and Yellowstone (western U.S.) is related to a mantle plume or to plate tectonic processes is a long-standing controversy. There are many geological mismatches with the basic plume model as well as logical flaws, such as citing data postulated to require a deep-mantle origin in support of an “upper-mantle plume” model. USArray has recently yielded abundant new seismological results, but despite this, seismic analyses have still not resolved the disparity of opinion. This suggests that seismology may be unable to resolve the plume question for Yellowstone, and perhaps elsewhere. USArray data have inspired many new models that relate western U.S. volcanism to shallow mantle convection associated with subduction zone processes. Many of these models assume that the principal requirement for surface volcanism is melt in the mantle and that the lithosphere is essentially passive. In this paper we propose a pure plate model in which melt is commonplace in the mantle, and its inherent buoyancy is not what causes surface eruptions. Instead, it is extension of the lithosphere that permits melt to escape to the surface and eruptions to occur—the mere presence of underlying melt is not a sufficient condition. The time-progressive chain of rhyolitic calderas in the eastern Snake River Plain–Yellowstone zone that has formed since basin-range extension began at ca. 17 Ma results from laterally migrating lithospheric extension and thinning that has permitted basaltic magma to rise from the upper mantle and melt the lower crust. We propose that this migration formed part of the systematic eastward migration of the axis of most intense basin-range extension. The bimodal rhyolite-basalt volcanism followed migration of the locus of most rapid extension, not vice versa. This model does not depend on seismology to test it but instead on surface geological observations.
Comparison of Methods for Estimating Evapotranspiration in a Small Rangeland Catchment
The Columbia River flood basalt province covers an area greater than 210,000 km 2 in the Pacific Northwest. The province is subdivided into the Oregon Plateau and the Columbia Basin based on significant differences in the style of deformation. The Oregon Plateau contains four structural-tectonic regions: (1) the northern Basin and Range, (2) the High Lava Plains, (3) the Owyhee Plateau, and (4) the Oregon-Idaho graben. The Columbia Basin covers a broader region and consists mainly of the Yakima Fold Belt and the Palouse Slope. Volcanism began in the Oregon Plateau and quickly spread north to the Columbia Basin. In the Oregon Plateau, flood basalt eruptions were contemporaneous with rhyolitic volcanism at the western end of the Snake River Plain hotspot track and with a major period of crustal extension in northern Nevada that began at ca. 16–17 Ma. In the Columbia Basin, a new phase of rapid subsidence folding and faulting of the basalt commenced with the initiation of volcanism but declined as volcanism waned. The coeval development of broad uplifts, subsiding basins, and flood basalt volcanism in the province is consistent with geodynamic models of plume emplacement. However, more specific structures in the province can be linked to older structures in the prebasalt basement. We attribute mid-Miocene deformation and the northward migration of volcanism to a rapidly spreading plume head that reactivated these preexisting structures. Exploitation of such structures may have also played a role in the orientation of many fissure dikes, including rapid eruption of the Steens Mountain shield volcano.
Vadose Zone Soil Moisture Wicking Using Super-Absorbent Polymers
Appendix A. The Late Wisconsin age of mounds on the Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington
Long-Term Soil Water Trends across a 1000-m Elevation Gradient
Winter Hydrologic and Erosion Processes in the U.S. Palouse Region: Field Experimentation and WEPP Simulation All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Discovery of columnar jointing on Mars
ABSTRACT The Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) covers a large part of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and is one of the youngest and perhaps the best studied flood-basalt province on Earth. Decades of study have established a regional strati-graphic framework for the CRBG, have demonstrated the CBRG flows can be correlated with dikes and vents, have documented a wide variety of physical features within the CRBG flows, and have demonstrated that many characteristics of the CRBG are recognizable throughout its extent. Detailed studies of individual flows and their feeder dikes have allowed the development of models for the emplacement of voluminous basaltic lava flows. The interplay between the regional structure, contemporaneous deformation, preexisting topography, and paleodrainage systems helped to control the emplacement of individual CRBG flows. These features have also affected the nature of late Neogene sedimentation in the region covered by basalt flows. Finally, the distribution of sediments within the CRBG and the character of the intraflow and interflow structures have played a significant role in the development of aquifers within the CRBG. In this paper we present an overview of the regional aspects of the stratigraphy, structural geology, tectonics, and hydrogeology of the CRBG.
ABSTRACT The Miocene Columbia River Flood-Basalt Province is one of the youngest and perhaps the best studied flood-basalt province on Earth. This field guide describes a three-day field trip through the central, eastern, and western portions of the Columbia Plateau region of this province, visiting field localities that have been key to understanding the geologic and structural history of this province. The guide provides a brief summary of our current understanding of the geologic and tectonic evolution of this flood-basalt province. Recent refinements in Columbia River basalt stratigraphy have confirmed the huge size of many of the Columbia River basalt flows (1000– 5000 km3 in volume) and a wide range of emplacement rates. The emplacement rate estimates range from as low as one to two months to as high as three to four years. Many aspects of Columbia River basalt volcanism appear to be associated with regional-scale deformation (e.g., regional-scale subsidence, folding, and faulting).
Hydrogeology of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the Columbia Plateau: Road log and field trip stop descriptions
ABSTRACT In portions of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) hosts a regional aquifer system that is the primary, and in many cases the only, water supply for numerous communities, small water systems, individual homes, industry, and agriculture. In much of the semiarid Columbia Plateau, portions of the CRBG aquifer system have seen significant water-level declines and do not appear to receive significant, if any, natural recharge. Aquifer horizons within the Columbia River basalt generally are associated with intraflow structures at the top (e.g., vesicular flow-top breccias) and bottom (e.g., flow-foot breccias, pillow lava and hyaloclastite complexes) of sheet flows. The interiors of thick sheet flows (in their undisturbed state) have extremely limited permeability and act as aquitards, typically creating a series of stacked, confined aquifers within the Columbia River basalt aquifer system. The dominant groundwater flow follows horizontal to subhorizontal pathways along individual, laterally extensive, interflow zones. Vertical groundwater movement through undisturbed basalt flow interiors is greatly restricted except where basalt flow interiors are disturbed (such as by folds or faults), truncated (such as by flow pinchouts and erosional windows), or where they are cross-connected by wells.
Hydrogeology of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the northern Willamette Valley, Oregon
ABSTRACT Basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) host a series of regionally extensive aquifers between western Idaho and the Pacific Ocean that serve as an important source for domestic, municipal, agricultural, and industrial water supply throughout much of this area, and are the sole source for some communities in the Willamette Valley. Rapid growth and increased pumping have resulted in significant water level declines in some locales in the Willamette Valley, forcing some communities to develop other water sources, and/or develop aquifer storage and recovery projects to store water in CRBG aquifers. The CRBG generally consists of multiple concordant, tabular sheet flows. The primary water-bearing horizons within the CRBG are associated the vesicular and/ or brecciated flow top and flow bottom (pillow/hyaloclastite) structures that form the interflow zone between two flows. The interiors of the CRBG flows typically have limited vertical permeability and act as aquitards, creating a series of layered confined aquifers. The dominant groundwater flow pathway in the CRBG aquifer system is along these individual, laterally extensive, interflow zones. Tectonic structures may modify the dominant flow regime in the CRBG by offsetting or otherwise disturbing originally laterally continuous interflow zones. Faults result in a wide spectrum of effects on flow in the CRBG aquifers depending on the nature of the fault. The hydraulic properties inherent to CRBG aquifers, including high degree of confinement, low bulk permeability and limited recharge have led to overdraft conditions in many areas. Conversely, these characteristics create favorable conditions for aquifer storage and recovery system development in the central Willamette Valley and Tualatin Basin.
ABSTRACT Miocene flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group inundated eastern Washington, Oregon, and adjacent Idaho between 17 and 6 Ma. Some of the more voluminous flows followed the ancestral Columbia River across the Cascade arc, Puget-Willamette trough, and the Coast Range to the Pacific Ocean. We have used field mapping, chemistry, and paleomagnetic directions to trace individual flows and flow packages from the Columbia River Gorge westward into the Astoria Basin, where they form pillow palagonite complexes and mega-invasive bodies into older marine sedimentary rocks. Flows of the Grande Ronde, Wanapum, and Saddle Mountains Basalts all made it to the ocean; at least 33 flows are recognized in the western Columbia River Gorge, 50 in the Willamette Valley, 16 in the lower Columbia River Valley, and at least 12 on the Oregon side of the Astoria Basin. In the Astoria Basin, the basalt flows loaded and invaded the wet marine sediments, producing peperite breccias, soft sediment deformation, and complex invasive relations. Mega-invasive sills up to 500 m thick were emplaced into strata as old as Eocene, and invasive dikes up to 90 m thick can be traced continuously for 25 km near the basin margin. Mega-pillow complexes up to a kilometer thick are interpreted as the remains of lava deltas that prograded onto the shelf and a filled submarine canyon southeast of Astoria, possibly providing the hydraulic head for injection of invasive sills and dikes at depth.
ABSTRACT The late Wisconsin Missoula floods are Earth's largest known discharges of fresh water. They carved Washington's Channeled Scabland—made famous by J.H. Bretz's writings in the 1920s to 1950s—and deposited sporadic huge gravel bars in the Scab-lands and Columbia valley. Since the late 1970s the great floods have been shown to number several score and to have been released as gigantic jökulhlaups. This five-day fieldtrip zig-zags broadly along and across the Scablands and down Columbia valley, viewing much geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence of the Missoula floods, at the end washing into Portland and Geological Society of America's 2009 Annual Meeting.