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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Middle Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Middle Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Kuwait (1)
-
-
Far East
-
Japan
-
Honshu (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea Rift (1)
-
Israel
-
Sea of Galilee (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
-
Caledonides (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
Lake Timiskaming (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland
-
Great Northern Peninsula (1)
-
Port au Port Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Timiskaming District Ontario
-
Kirkland Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Anticosti Island (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
Stikinia Terrane (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Jasper National Park (1)
-
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Northwest Territories
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Pine Point mining district (1)
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-
-
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Central European Basin (1)
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Cook Inlet (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Germany (1)
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-
Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Asturias Spain (1)
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Cantabrian Basin (1)
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Cantabrian Mountains (2)
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Galicia Spain (1)
-
-
-
Italy
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Sicily Italy (1)
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-
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Variscides (3)
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Western Europe
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Belgium (1)
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France
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Central Massif
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Montagne Noire (1)
-
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Scandinavia
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Norway
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Ringerike (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
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England
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Cheshire England (1)
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Yorkshire England
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North Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Grant Range (1)
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Green Mountains (1)
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Hudson Bay Basin (1)
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Maritimes Basin (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
-
Appalachians
-
Appalachian Plateau (1)
-
Northern Appalachians (2)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (1)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
-
Great Plains
-
Northern Great Plains (1)
-
-
Intermontane Belt (1)
-
Michigan Basin (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
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Rocky Mountains foreland (1)
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Williston Basin (1)
-
-
Prince of Wales Island (1)
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Railroad Valley (1)
-
South America
-
Andes (1)
-
Argentina
-
San Juan Argentina (1)
-
-
Precordillera (2)
-
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Alaska Peninsula (1)
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Brooks Range (1)
-
Seward Peninsula (1)
-
-
Allegheny Front (2)
-
Maryland (1)
-
Michigan (2)
-
Montana
-
Beaverhead County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Trend (1)
-
Elko County Nevada (1)
-
Eureka County Nevada (1)
-
Nye County Nevada (1)
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White Pine County Nevada (1)
-
-
New England (1)
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North Dakota (1)
-
Ohio (1)
-
Oklahoma (1)
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Pennsylvania (2)
-
Sevier orogenic belt (1)
-
Vermont
-
Rutland County Vermont (1)
-
Windsor County Vermont (1)
-
-
Virginia
-
Giles County Virginia (1)
-
-
West Virginia (1)
-
-
White Bay (1)
-
-
commodities
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barite deposits (1)
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bitumens (4)
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brines (1)
-
energy sources (4)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (1)
-
gold ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (1)
-
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
organic carbon (4)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (4)
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
D/H (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
mercury (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
helium (1)
-
radon (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Graptolithina (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Demospongea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Conodonta (31)
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
miospores (1)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
fission-track dating (1)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
Rb/Sr (1)
-
thermochronology (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Pleistocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Zubair Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (2)
-
-
Jurassic (1)
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Rhaetian
-
Penarth Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Bonneterre Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
-
Givetian (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
-
Millboro Shale (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Chemung Formation (1)
-
Huron Member (1)
-
-
-
Ellis Bay Formation (1)
-
Horton Group (1)
-
Knox Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (1)
-
Ibexian (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Table Head Group (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
-
-
Permian (2)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
-
-
Precambrian (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (6)
-
schists (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (2)
-
-
oxides
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (3)
-
-
silicates
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
olivine group
-
olivine (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
smectite (2)
-
-
corrensite (2)
-
illite (3)
-
mica group
-
phlogopite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (2)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Middle Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Middle Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Kuwait (1)
-
-
Far East
-
Japan
-
Honshu (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea Rift (1)
-
Israel
-
Sea of Galilee (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
-
-
-
barite deposits (1)
-
biogeography (1)
-
bitumens (4)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
Lake Timiskaming (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland
-
Great Northern Peninsula (1)
-
Port au Port Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Timiskaming District Ontario
-
Kirkland Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Anticosti Island (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
Stikinia Terrane (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Jasper National Park (1)
-
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Northwest Territories
-
Pine Point mining district (1)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
organic carbon (4)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Pleistocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
crust (1)
-
crystal structure (1)
-
data processing (1)
-
deformation (4)
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diagenesis (7)
-
economic geology (8)
-
energy sources (4)
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epeirogeny (1)
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
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Germany (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Asturias Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Basin (1)
-
Cantabrian Mountains (2)
-
Galicia Spain (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Sicily Italy (1)
-
-
-
Variscides (3)
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium (1)
-
France
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (1)
-
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Ringerike (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cheshire England (1)
-
Yorkshire England
-
North Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (9)
-
folds (2)
-
foliation (1)
-
fractures (2)
-
geochemistry (3)
-
geochronology (1)
-
geophysical methods (2)
-
glacial geology (1)
-
Graptolithina (1)
-
ground water (1)
-
heat flow (3)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (2)
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
olivine basalt (1)
-
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (3)
-
-
intrusions (6)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Demospongea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
isostasy (2)
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
D/H (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Zubair Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (2)
-
-
Jurassic (1)
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Rhaetian
-
Penarth Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (1)
-
gold ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
mercury (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (6)
-
schists (1)
-
-
metamorphism (14)
-
metasomatism (3)
-
micropaleontology (1)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
noble gases
-
helium (1)
-
radon (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
-
Appalachians
-
Appalachian Plateau (1)
-
Northern Appalachians (2)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (1)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
-
Great Plains
-
Northern Great Plains (1)
-
-
Intermontane Belt (1)
-
Michigan Basin (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains foreland (1)
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
orogeny (5)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
paleoclimatology (1)
-
paleogeography (4)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Bonneterre Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (1)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Chattanooga Shale (1)
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (1)
-
Givetian (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
-
Millboro Shale (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Chemung Formation (1)
-
Huron Member (1)
-
-
-
Ellis Bay Formation (1)
-
Horton Group (1)
-
Knox Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
Rose Run Sandstone (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (1)
-
Ibexian (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Table Head Group (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
-
-
Permian (2)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Tuscarora Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
miospores (1)
-
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (1)
-
-
-
petrology (1)
-
plate tectonics (1)
-
Precambrian (1)
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentary petrology (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (3)
-
limestone (3)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (1)
-
weathering crust (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (2)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
mudstone (4)
-
sandstone (3)
-
shale (1)
-
-
coal
-
bituminous coal (1)
-
-
oil shale (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
planar bedding structures
-
imbrication (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (2)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (1)
-
-
-
South America
-
Andes (1)
-
Argentina
-
San Juan Argentina (1)
-
-
Precordillera (2)
-
-
spectroscopy (1)
-
stratigraphy (7)
-
structural analysis (1)
-
structural geology (3)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
tectonics (14)
-
tectonophysics (2)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Alaska Peninsula (1)
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Brooks Range (1)
-
Seward Peninsula (1)
-
-
Allegheny Front (2)
-
Maryland (1)
-
Michigan (2)
-
Montana
-
Beaverhead County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Trend (1)
-
Elko County Nevada (1)
-
Eureka County Nevada (1)
-
Nye County Nevada (1)
-
White Pine County Nevada (1)
-
-
New England (1)
-
North Dakota (1)
-
Ohio (1)
-
Oklahoma (1)
-
Pennsylvania (2)
-
Sevier orogenic belt (1)
-
Vermont
-
Rutland County Vermont (1)
-
Windsor County Vermont (1)
-
-
Virginia
-
Giles County Virginia (1)
-
-
West Virginia (1)
-
-
weathering (1)
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well-logging (1)
-
-
rock formations
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Beaverhead Formation (1)
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Deer Lake Group (1)
-
Medina Formation (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
calcrete (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (3)
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limestone (3)
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sedimentary structures
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sediments
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color alteration index
Paleotemperature investigation of the Variscan southern external domain: the case of the Montagne Noire (France)
Upper Ordovician – Upper Silurian conodont biostratigraphy, Devon Island and southern Ellesmere Island, Canadian Arctic Islands, with implications for regional stratigraphy, eustasy, and thermal maturation
Shallow-crustal metamorphism during Late Cretaceous anatexis in the Sevier hinterland plateau: Peak temperature conditions from the Grant Range, eastern Nevada, U.S.A.
Strontium isotope ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) stratigraphy of Ordovician bulk carbonate: Implications for preservation of primary seawater values
Neoformed magnetic minerals as an indicator of moderate burial: The key example of middle Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, West Virginia
Carbonate rocks of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Their correlation and paleogeographic significance
Paleozoic carbonate strata deposited in shallow platform to off-platform settings occur across the Seward Peninsula and range from unmetamorphosed Ordovician–Devonian(?) rocks of the York succession in the west to highly deformed and metamorphosed Cambrian–Devonian units of the Nome Complex in the east. Faunal and lithologic correlations indicate that early Paleozoic strata in the two areas formed as part of a single carbonate platform. The York succession makes up part of the York terrane and consists of Ordovician, lesser Silurian, and limited, possibly Devonian rocks. Shallow-water facies predominate, but subordinate graptolitic shale and calcareous turbidites accumulated in deeper water, intraplatform basin environments, chiefly during the Middle Ordovician. Lower Ordovician strata are mainly lime mudstone and peloid-intraclast grainstone deposited in a deepening upward regime; noncarbonate detritus is abundant in lower parts of the section. Upper Ordovician and Silurian rocks include carbonate mudstone, skeletal wackestone, and coral-stromatoporoid biostromes that are commonly dolomitic and accumulated in warm, shallow to very shallow settings with locally restricted circulation. The rest of the York terrane is mainly Ordovician and older, variously deformed and metamorphosed carbonate and siliciclastic rocks intruded by early Cambrian (and younger?) metagabbros. Older (Neoproterozoic–Cambrian) parts of these units are chiefly turbidites and may have been basement for the carbonate platform facies of the York succession; younger, shallow- and deep-water strata likely represent previously unrecognized parts of the York succession and its offshore equivalents. Intensely deformed and altered Mississippian carbonate strata crop out in a small area at the western edge of the terrane. Metacarbonate rocks form all or part of several units within the blueschistand greenschist-facies Nome Complex. The Layered sequence includes mafic metaigneous rocks and associated calcareous metaturbidites of Ordovician age as well as shallow-water Silurian dolostones. Scattered metacarbonate rocks are chiefly Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian dolostones that formed in shallow, warmwater settings with locally restricted circulation and marbles of less constrained Paleozoic age. Carbonate metaturbidites occur on the northeast and southeast coasts and yield mainly Silurian and lesser Ordovician and Devonian conodonts; the northern succession also includes debris flows with meter-scale clasts and an argillite interval with Late Ordovician graptolites and lenses of radiolarian chert. Mafic igneous rocks at least partly of Early Devonian age are common in the southern succession. Carbonate rocks on Seward Peninsula experienced a range of deformational and thermal histories equivalent to those documented in the Brooks Range. Conodont color alteration indices (CAIs) from Seward Peninsula, like those from the Brooks Range, define distinct thermal provinces that likely reflect structural burial. Penetratively deformed high-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Nome Complex (CAIs ≥5) correspond to rocks of the Schist belt in the southern Brooks Range; both record subduction during early stages of the Jurassic–Cretaceous Brooks Range orogeny. Weakly metamorphosed to unmetamorphosed strata of the York terrane (CAIs mainly 2–5), like Brooks Range rocks in the Central belt and structural allochthons to the north, experienced moderate to shallow burial during the main phase of the Brooks Range orogeny. The nature of the contact between the York terrane and the Nome Complex is uncertain; it may be a thrust fault, an extensional surface, or a thrust fault later reactivated as an extensional fault. Lithofacies and biofacies data indicate that, in spite of their divergent Mesozoic histories, rocks of the York terrane and protoliths of the Nome Complex formed as part of the same lower Paleozoic carbonate platform. Stratigraphies in both areas feature Lower Ordovician and mid-Silurian shallow-water deposits with some deeper water facies of late Early to Middle Ordovician age. Most significantly, Ordovician conodont faunas in both successions contain a characteristic, distinctive mixture of Laurentian and Siberian-Alaskan endemic forms. Lithologic and faunal resemblances also link Seward Peninsula platform strata with coeval successions in the Brooks Range and in interior Alaska (Farewell and White Mountains terranes) and imply that all of these rocks were once part of a single carbonate platform situated between Laurentia, Siberia, and Baltica. Little is known about the basement on which Alaskan platform strata formed, and correlations between Cambrian and older rocks in these areas remain tentative. Similarities between strata and fossils in northern and interior Alaska are strongest during the Ordovician, and diminish by Middle Devonian; correlations between Seward Peninsula and Brooks Range rocks, however, extend into the Carboniferous. Ordovician mafic volcanism in the Nome Complex and the White Mountains terrane could reflect a rifting episode that began to separate platform rocks of the interior from those of Arctic Alaska. Lower Paleozoic off-platform successions on Seward Peninsula also correlate well with equivalent sections in northern and interior Alaska, and have some similarities with strata in southeast Alaska (Alexander terrane). Silurian (mainly Wenlock–Ludlow) mass flow deposits derived at least in part from a carbonate source overlie condensed graptolitic shales in most of these successions; this coeval influx of calcareous detritus suggests a common tectonic cause.