... directly from antlers have the potential to provide seasonal dietary data for individuals. If the isotopic signals in bone and antler are controlled by the same metabolic processes, then the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of collagen (δ 13 C Coll and δ 15 N Coll ) from incrementally grown...

..., 5 μm thick, were cut with a Leica RM 2235 microtome and stained either with toluidine blue, to examine the medullary bone and the mucopolysaccharides of the tissue, or a mixture of picrosirius red and fast green to observe type I collagen fibers of cortical bone. Stained thin-sections of transversal...

...Julie Aufort; Matthieu Lebon; Xavier Gallet; Loïc Ségalen; Christel Gervais; Christian Brouder; Etienne Balan Abstract Bones mostly consist of composite materials based on almost equivalent volume fractions of mineral (apatite) and organic (collagen) components. Accordingly, their infrared...

.... 2008a , 2008b ). Early diagenetic processes specific to bone include the removal of soft tissues (i.e., muscle and skin), degradation of collagen (abiotic and biotic), and initial chemical and structural changes to the mineralized component of bone, bioapatite, ultimately resulting in decomposition...

... organization is demonstrated by a schematic model for human bone, which shows initial placement of calcium phosphate nanoparticles within the hole spaces and fibrils of collagen. Beginning with D, mineral overgrows the hole and intrafibrillar deposits and begins to fuse into larger plates. The plates retain...

... containing internal sediment (poly-mud fabric). In Holocene sediment, this texture develops by calcification of degrading extra-cellular collagenous matrix (ECM) of siliceous sponges. ECM calcification of siliceous sponges is evident throughout the Phanerozoic, and the related polymud fabric is a diagnostic...

..., including important remains described here of Bison antiquus Leidy, 1852 from the Gallelli Pit, Calgary ( Fig. 1 ). The BCF is a widespread alluvial unit along the Bow and other Alberta rivers, associated with the most prominent postglacial terrace ( Figs. 2 , 3 ). Bone collagen radiocarbon dates range...

... on taiga vole bone collagen, is consistent with the ages of widespread taiga vole records peripheral to the Laurentide ice sheet in western, mid-western, and eastern North America. The presence of allo-chronous remains within a comprehensively dated sedimentary sequence provides a cautionary note about...

... ). In all these tissues, the initial crystals tend to be round but grow longer with age, suggesting the existence of factors that regulate bioapatite crystal habit. In bone, cementum, and dentin, apatite crystals develop with their long c -axes parallel to the collagen fibril axis ( F ig . 2...

... analyses of the periderm of the living relative Rhabdopleura , indicate that it was originally collagen. This anomaly was previously interpreted as the result of replacement by macromolecular material from the surrounding sediment. New analyses suggest that the aliphatic composition of graptolite periderm...

... that allowed some large predators or scavengers, such as California condors ( Gymnogyps californianus ), to survive into the Holocene. To track the influence of marine resources on avifaunas we analyzed the carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen isotope composition of collagen from late Pleistocene vultures...

... months (Fig. 2 c ). There is also a gradual increase in the interstitial connective tissue resulting in collagen formation and some alveoli become completely occluded with cholesterol cleft formation (Fig. 2 d ). Sometimes whole areas of lung become consolidated with alveoli packed with cells...

... proteins, thought to be part of the mineral nucleating system are at the chitin, silk fibroin interface. There are also Asp-rich proteins occluded in the gel, and presumably, the mineral phase. Figure 7. Schematic representation of the domains of the Type I collagen α1 and α2 chains. The block...

... ( Vrieling et al. 2002 ). In the Demospongiae the spicules are covered with “spongin” a collagenous protein material that also serves to cement the structure together, more about this later. In the Hexactinellida, for which much less is known, the organic content of the living sponge is significantly...

... found in conodont taxa, and criteria based on organic residues appear to have no taxonomic significance in the fossils tested from these localities. However, hydroxyproline, an amino acid that is found in the collagen molecules of animals, as well as in the glycoproteins in the cell walls...

... of diagenesis on bone-protein isotope values, analyses were conducted on Holocene and Pleistocene fossils from Natural Trap Cave (NTC), Wyoming. Modern cow, Bos taurus, bone was heated with and without excess water for up to 195 hours at 100°C in an inert atmosphere. Collagen and non-collagenous proteins (NCP...

...Susanne Turban-Just; Stefan Schramm Abstract Although various stages of decomposition of bone collagen have been reported, the molecular breakdown is still not completely understood. By investigating the stable C and N isotopes of individual amino acids, this study sheds light on the biochemical...

... the lowest (≤1 ka BP) raised beaches in the eastern Canadian Arctic suggest that a marine reservoir correction of about −200 years is appropriate for normalized age determinations on bone collagen from the bowhead whale in this region. This is less than the correction (−400 years) normally applied...