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Coal Measures
George Tate (1805–71) of Alnwick, an amateur Victorian polymath, and his contribution to geology in Northumberland and SE Scotland
DURHAM AND NORTHUMBERLAND ON THE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS WILLIAM SMITH USED AS MANUSCRIPT MAPS IN THE FIELD AND ON HIS PUBLISHED MAPS
Gravity imaging of sub-Zechstein geological structures in the UK sector of the North Sea using the gravity layer stripping method
Dipnoan diversity in the early Pennsylvanian of Scotland: new lungfish from the Lower Coal Measures of North Lanarkshire
Cannel coal systems and low gradient drainage through British Carboniferous mires: informing structural backgrounds, mire longevities, and Pennine Basin palaeoslopes
Pore-scale assessment of subsurface carbon storage potential: implications for the UK Geoenergy Observatories project
Facies Analysis, Markov Model and Linking of Sub-environments in the Early Permian Barakar Coal Measures of Godavari Gondwana Basin of Southeastern India
The contribution of publications of the Yorkshire Geological Society to the understanding of the geological development of the Carboniferous Pennine Basin, northern England
The geometry and dimensions of fault-core lenses
Abstract: Field analysis shows that fault cores of brittle, extensional faults at a medium to mature stage of development are commonly dominated by lozenge-shaped horses (fault-core lenses) characterized by a variety of lithologies, including intact, mildly to strongly deformed country rock derived from the footwalls and hanging walls, various types of fault rocks of the protocatalasite and breccia series, breccia, fault gouge and clay smear. The lenses are sometimes stacked to form complex duplexes. These structures are commonly separated by high-strain zones of sheared cataclasite, and/or clay smear/clay gouge. The geometry and distribution of clay gouge in high-strain zones sometimes display evidence of intrusion, indicating high fluid pressure. Although the sizes of the horses vary over several orders of magnitude, they frequently display a length:thickness (a:c) ratio of between 1:4 and 1:15. The high-strain zones of fault rocks commonly constitute unbroken, 3D membranes that are likely to constrain fluid communication both across and along the fault zone. There are significant contrasts in fault core architecture that are probably related to processes associated with contrasting fluid pressure, strain intensity and strain hardening/strain softening. Faults associated with strain softening are characterized by less abundant brittle deformation products and are less likely to be conduits for fluid flow compared to those that are affected by strain hardening.