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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Kenya
-
Lake Magadi (2)
-
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
Tanzania
-
Olduvai Gorge (2)
-
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Magadi (2)
-
Lake Turkana (1)
-
-
Namib Desert (2)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria (1)
-
Libya
-
Sirte Basin (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Tarfaya Morocco (1)
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (2)
-
South Africa
-
Gauteng South Africa
-
Swartkrans Cave (1)
-
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (2)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
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Ivory Coast (1)
-
-
-
Altiplano (2)
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (2)
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Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
East Antarctica (2)
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
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Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Lomonosov Ridge (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (2)
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Greenland ice sheet (4)
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Jameson Land (1)
-
-
-
Arran (2)
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (2)
-
Oman (2)
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Qatar (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (2)
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-
Baikal region (1)
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Buryat Russian Federation (2)
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Central Asia (2)
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Far East
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China
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Bohaiwan Basin (3)
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Gansu China (1)
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Inner Mongolia China (1)
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Jiangsu China (1)
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Jilin China (1)
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Loess Plateau (4)
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Longmenshan (1)
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North China Platform (1)
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Ordos Basin (1)
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Qaidam Basin (1)
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Qinghai China (1)
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Shandong China
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Dongying Depression (2)
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Sichuan China (2)
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Songliao Basin (1)
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South China Block (1)
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Xinjiang China (1)
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Xisha Islands (1)
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Xizang China (4)
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Yunnan China (1)
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Japan
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Honshu
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Shiga Japan
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Lake Biwa (1)
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Himalayas
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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Nanga Parbat (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Bhutan (1)
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Rajahmundry India (1)
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Uttarakhand India
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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Uttarkashi India
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Gangotri Glacier (1)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Kashmir (1)
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Nanga Parbat (1)
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Pakistan (2)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
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Lake Baikal (2)
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Middle East
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Iran
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Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (1)
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Israel (1)
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Turkey (1)
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Siberia (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (3)
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Tien Shan (1)
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West Siberia
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Siberian Lowland (1)
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-
-
Atlantic Ocean
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East Atlantic (1)
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Equatorial Atlantic (3)
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North Atlantic
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Ceara Rise (2)
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Gulf of Cadiz (1)
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Gulf of Mexico
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Pigmy Basin (1)
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Irish Sea (1)
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Jeanne d'Arc Basin (1)
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North Sea (6)
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Northeast Atlantic
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Porcupine Seabight (1)
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Northwest Atlantic (1)
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Rockall Bank (2)
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South Atlantic
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Walvis Ridge (1)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Faeroe Islands (1)
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Atlantic region (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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South Australia
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Lake Eyre (1)
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Victoria Australia
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Gippsland Basin (1)
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New Zealand
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Hawke's Bay New Zealand (1)
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Bass River (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces (1)
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Quebec
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Anticosti Island (2)
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Western Canada
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Alberta (4)
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British Columbia (1)
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Saskatchewan (1)
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Yukon Territory (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Hispaniola
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Dominican Republic (1)
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-
-
-
-
Central Graben (1)
-
Coast Mountains (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Baikal region (1)
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Buryat Russian Federation (2)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
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Lake Baikal (2)
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Novgorod Russian Federation (1)
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Valdai (1)
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Ukraine
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Boltyshka Depression (2)
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West Siberia
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Siberian Lowland (1)
-
-
-
Europe
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Adriatic region (1)
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
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Dolomites
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Latemar Massif (3)
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Julian Alps (1)
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Swiss Alps (1)
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-
Central Europe
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Czech Republic (2)
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Switzerland
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Swiss Alps (1)
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Lapland
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Lapland Finland (1)
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Novgorod Russian Federation (1)
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Pyrenees
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Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
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Southern Europe
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Greece
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Greek Aegean Islands
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Dodecanese
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Rhodes (1)
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Iberian Peninsula
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Portugal (1)
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Spain
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Aragon Spain (1)
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Basque Provinces Spain (2)
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Calatayud-Teruel Basin (1)
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Spanish Pyrenees (1)
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Italy
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Apennines
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Central Apennines (1)
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Northern Apennines (1)
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Friuli-Venezia Giulia Italy (1)
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Latium Italy
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Rome Italy (1)
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Marches Italy
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Ancona Italy
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Massignano Italy (2)
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-
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Sicily Italy (1)
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Tiber Valley (1)
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Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
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Latemar Massif (3)
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Tuscany Italy (1)
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Umbria Italy
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Perugia Italy
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Gubbio Italy (1)
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-
-
-
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Ukraine
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Boltyshka Depression (2)
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Valdai (1)
-
Western Europe
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France
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Alpes-de-Haute Provence France (1)
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Causses (1)
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Languedoc (1)
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Paris Basin (1)
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Pas-de-Calais France
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Boulonnais (1)
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Vocontian Trough (1)
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-
Iceland (1)
-
Ireland
-
Donegal Ireland (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Finland
-
Lapland Finland (1)
-
-
Norway
-
Northern Norway (1)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Dorset England (4)
-
Hampshire Basin (1)
-
Isle of Wight England (1)
-
London Basin (1)
-
Pennines (2)
-
Somerset England (1)
-
South-West England (2)
-
Yorkshire England (2)
-
-
Scotland
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Ross-shire Scotland (1)
-
-
Moray Firth (1)
-
Orkney Islands (1)
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
Guadalupe Mountains (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden (1)
-
-
Ninetyeast Ridge (1)
-
-
Kerguelen Plateau (1)
-
Krishna-Godavari Basin (1)
-
Laguna Madre (1)
-
Lake Chad (1)
-
Loch Lomond (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Dodecanese
-
Rhodes (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (1)
-
Levantine Basin (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean (1)
-
-
Mexico (2)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (2)
-
Basin and Range Province (1)
-
Great Plains
-
Northern Great Plains (1)
-
Southern Great Plains (1)
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (3)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Uinta Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (3)
-
-
-
North Island (1)
-
North Sea region (1)
-
Northern Hemisphere (3)
-
Old Faithful Geyser (1)
-
Orcadian Basin (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (6)
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (6)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (6)
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts
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Detroit Seamount (1)
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-
Shatsky Rise (1)
-
South China Sea (2)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Coral Sea
-
Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts
-
Detroit Seamount (1)
-
-
Shatsky Rise (1)
-
South China Sea (2)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pacific region (1)
-
Permian Basin (1)
-
polar caps (1)
-
polar regions (4)
-
Santa Barbara Basin (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (1)
-
Eastern Cordillera (2)
-
Western Cordillera (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Santa Cruz Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia
-
La Paz Bolivia (1)
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Sucre Bolivia (1)
-
-
Brazil (1)
-
Chile
-
Atacama Desert (1)
-
-
Colombia (1)
-
Patagonia (1)
-
-
South Island (3)
-
Southern Hemisphere (6)
-
Southern Ocean
-
Prydz Bay (1)
-
Ross Sea
-
McMurdo Sound (1)
-
-
-
Sydney Basin (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Brooks Range (1)
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Kenai Peninsula (1)
-
Wrangell Mountains (1)
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Arizona (1)
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Arkansas (1)
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Arkansas River valley (1)
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
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Bighorn Basin (1)
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California
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Northern California (1)
-
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Colorado
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Pueblo County Colorado
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Pueblo Colorado (1)
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-
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Columbia Plateau (1)
-
Idaho
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Snake River plain (1)
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-
Kentucky (2)
-
Louisiana (2)
-
Maryland
-
Allegany County Maryland
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Cumberland Maryland (1)
-
-
Montgomery County Maryland (1)
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Mississippi (1)
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Mississippi River (2)
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Mississippi Valley
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Lower Mississippi Valley (2)
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Mojave Desert (1)
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Montana (1)
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Nebraska (1)
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Nevada
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Mineral County Nevada (1)
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-
New Jersey
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Burlington County New Jersey (1)
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Camden County New Jersey
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Ancora New Jersey (1)
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-
Ocean County New Jersey (1)
-
-
New Mexico
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Otero County New Mexico (1)
-
-
New York
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Seneca County New York (1)
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-
Newark Basin (2)
-
Oregon
-
Grant County Oregon (1)
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-
Pecos River (1)
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Powder River basin (2)
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Southwestern U.S. (2)
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Tennessee (1)
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Texas
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Lubbock County Texas (1)
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-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Uinta Mountains (1)
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Uncompahgre Uplift (1)
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Utah
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Kaiparowits Plateau (1)
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Virginia (1)
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Washington
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Franklin County Washington (1)
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West Virginia (1)
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Western U.S. (2)
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Wisconsin (1)
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Wyoming
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Big Horn County Wyoming (1)
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Park County Wyoming (1)
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Teton County Wyoming (1)
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Yellowstone National Park (1)
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Walker Lake (1)
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White Sands (1)
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commodities
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energy sources (1)
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petroleum
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shale oil (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (43)
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C-14 (9)
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C-14/C-12 (2)
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organic carbon (11)
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chemical ratios (2)
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hydrogen
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D/H (3)
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tritium (1)
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isotope ratios (65)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Be-10 (10)
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C-14 (9)
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C-14/C-12 (2)
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tritium (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (43)
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C-14/C-12 (2)
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D/H (3)
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N-15 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (38)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
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-
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (1)
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alkali metals
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sodium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium
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Ba/Ca (1)
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beryllium
-
Be-10 (10)
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calcium
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Ba/Ca (1)
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Mg/Ca (4)
-
-
magnesium
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Mg/Ca (4)
-
-
strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
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-
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arsenic (1)
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iron (6)
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mercury (1)
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molybdenum (1)
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nickel (1)
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thallium (1)
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tin (1)
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vanadium (1)
-
-
nitrogen
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N-15 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (38)
-
-
phosphorus
-
organic phosphorus (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Carnivora (2)
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Hyracoidea (1)
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Primates
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Hominidae
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Homo
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Homo sapiens (1)
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-
-
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Ungulata (2)
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-
-
-
-
-
-
Graptolithina
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Graptoloidea (1)
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-
ichnofossils (3)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cytherocopina
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Cytheracea
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Cyprideis (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
-
Diptera
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Chironomidae (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
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Echinodermata (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (1)
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-
-
-
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (4)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (2)
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-
Porifera
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Calcarea (1)
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-
Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Buliminacea
-
Bolivinitidae
-
Bolivina (1)
-
-
Uvigerinidae
-
Uvigerina
-
Uvigerina peregrina (1)
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-
-
-
Cassidulinacea
-
Anomalinidae
-
Cibicidoides (1)
-
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina
-
Globigerina bulloides (2)
-
-
Globigerinoides
-
Globigerinoides ruber (4)
-
Globigerinoides sacculifer (1)
-
-
-
Globorotaliidae
-
Globorotalia
-
Globorotalia inflata (1)
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-
-
Neogloboquadrina
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Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (4)
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-
-
Rotaliacea
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Elphidium (1)
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-
-
-
Silicoflagellata (1)
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-
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Metazoa (1)
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microfossils
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Conodonta (4)
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-
palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (3)
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miospores
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pollen (14)
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-
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Plantae
-
algae
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Chlorophyta
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Chlorophyceae
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Dasycladaceae (1)
-
-
-
diatoms (5)
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nannofossils (7)
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-
Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida
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Azolla (1)
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-
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Artemisia (2)
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Quercus (1)
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Cupressaceae (1)
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Pinaceae
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Larix (1)
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Pinus (1)
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Taxodium (1)
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Ginkgoales (1)
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-
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-
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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Ar/Ar (11)
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exposure age (6)
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fission-track dating (3)
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K/Ar (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (2)
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paleomagnetism (24)
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Rb/Sr (1)
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tephrochronology (3)
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thermochronology (1)
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tree rings (2)
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U/Pb (9)
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uranium disequilibrium (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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Medieval Warm Period (2)
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middle Holocene (4)
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Neoglacial
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Little Ice Age (1)
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upper Holocene
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Little Ice Age (1)
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-
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middle Quaternary (1)
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Pleistocene
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Blackwater Draw Formation (1)
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Lake Agassiz (1)
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lower Pleistocene (5)
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middle Pleistocene (4)
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upper Pleistocene
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Eemian (1)
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Allerod (1)
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Younger Dryas (3)
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-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
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Pinedale Glaciation (1)
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Scandinavian ice sheet (1)
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-
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Tertiary
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John Day Formation (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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lower Miocene (1)
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middle Miocene
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Serravallian (1)
-
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upper Miocene
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Messinian
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Messinian Salinity Crisis (1)
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Tortonian (3)
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-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (5)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Dongying Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Willwood Formation (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Lutetian (1)
-
-
upper Eocene (3)
-
Wilkins Peak Member (2)
-
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
-
lower Oligocene (2)
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (3)
-
K-T boundary (5)
-
-
Tongue River Member (1)
-
upper Paleocene (3)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (3)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (1)
-
-
-
Lake Bonneville (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (3)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian (3)
-
Neocomian (1)
-
Thamama Group (1)
-
-
Natih Formation (1)
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Nenjiang Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
-
Bridge Creek Limestone Member (1)
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Campanian (3)
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Cenomanian
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upper Cenomanian (1)
-
-
Coniacian (2)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
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K-T boundary (5)
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Maestrichtian
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upper Maestrichtian (1)
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Santonian (2)
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Senonian (1)
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Tropic Shale (1)
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Turonian
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lower Turonian (1)
-
-
-
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Hettangian (1)
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lower Liassic (1)
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middle Liassic (1)
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Pliensbachian (2)
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Toarcian
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lower Toarcian (1)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (3)
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upper Liassic (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Arab Formation (2)
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Hanifa Formation (2)
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Kimmeridge Clay (3)
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Kimmeridgian
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lower Kimmeridgian (1)
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Oxfordian (1)
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Tithonian (1)
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-
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (2)
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Middle Triassic
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Anisian (1)
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Ladinian (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Mercia Mudstone (1)
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-
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MIS 3 (1)
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MIS 5 (1)
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MIS 6 (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Middle Cambrian
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Marjum Formation (1)
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Upper Cambrian
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Furongian (1)
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-
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Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (1)
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Mississippian
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Upper Mississippian
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Serpukhovian (1)
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Windsor Group (1)
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Namurian (5)
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Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Moscovian (2)
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Upper Pennsylvanian
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Kasimovian (1)
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-
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Upper Carboniferous
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Millstone Grit (1)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Emsian (1)
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Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (3)
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Onondaga Limestone (1)
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Old Red Sandstone (1)
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian (1)
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Frasnian (2)
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-
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Ellis Bay Formation (1)
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lower Paleozoic (2)
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Merrimack Group (1)
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Ordovician
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Lexington Limestone (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Ashgillian (2)
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Juniata Formation (1)
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Katian (2)
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Kope Formation (1)
-
-
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Permian
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Khuff Formation (1)
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Lower Permian
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Cisuralian
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Asselian (1)
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-
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Middle Permian (1)
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Rotliegendes (1)
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Upper Permian
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Changxing Formation (1)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (2)
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-
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Rhuddanian (1)
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-
-
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upper Paleozoic (2)
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Phanerozoic (8)
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Precambrian
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Singhbhum Granite (1)
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Paleoproterozoic (1)
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-
-
-
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (1)
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tuff (2)
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volcanic ash (6)
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metamorphic rocks
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turbidite (1)
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minerals
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silicates
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framework silicates
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silica minerals
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-
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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zircon group
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zircon (7)
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-
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sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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clay minerals (1)
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mica group
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serpentine group
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-
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sulfates
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gypsum (2)
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sulfides
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pyrite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (28)
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Africa
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Western Cape Province South Africa (2)
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West Africa
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Asia
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Japan
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India
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Jammu and Kashmir
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associations (1)
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Rockall Bank (2)
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South Atlantic
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Atlantic region (1)
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atmosphere (12)
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Australasia
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Victoria Australia
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New Zealand
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biogeography (4)
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biography (1)
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Canada
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (43)
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C-14 (9)
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organic carbon (11)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Hispaniola
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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middle Holocene (4)
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Neoglacial
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upper Holocene
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middle Quaternary (1)
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Pleistocene
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Blackwater Draw Formation (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Eemian (1)
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Allerod (1)
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Younger Dryas (3)
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-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
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Pinedale Glaciation (1)
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Scandinavian ice sheet (1)
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-
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Tertiary
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John Day Formation (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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lower Miocene (1)
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middle Miocene
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Serravallian (1)
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upper Miocene
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Messinian
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Tortonian (3)
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (1)
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upper Pliocene (5)
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-
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Paleogene
-
Dongying Formation (1)
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Eocene
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Green River Formation (2)
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lower Eocene
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Willwood Formation (1)
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middle Eocene
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Lutetian (1)
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upper Eocene (3)
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Wilkins Peak Member (2)
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Oligocene
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Fish Canyon Tuff (1)
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lower Oligocene (2)
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upper Oligocene
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Chattian (1)
-
-
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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Danian (3)
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K-T boundary (5)
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Tongue River Member (1)
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upper Paleocene (3)
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (3)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (1)
-
-
-
Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Carnivora (2)
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Hyracoidea (1)
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Primates
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Hominidae
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Homo
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Homo sapiens (1)
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Ungulata (2)
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-
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clay mineralogy (4)
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climate change (91)
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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IPOD
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Leg 90
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DSDP Site 594 (1)
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deformation (3)
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Central Europe
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Italy
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Ukraine
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Western Europe
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faults (2)
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Graptolithina
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hydrology (8)
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igneous rocks
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Indian Ocean
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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IODP Site U1318 (1)
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Expeditions 320/321
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Expedition 321
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IODP Site U1337 (2)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Ostracoda
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Podocopida
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Cytherocopina
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Cytheracea
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Cyprideis (1)
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-
-
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Diptera
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Chironomidae (1)
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-
-
-
-
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Echinodermata (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Inocerami
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Inoceramidae (1)
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-
-
-
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (4)
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-
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Gastropoda (2)
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Porifera
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Calcarea (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Buliminacea
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Bolivinitidae
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Uvigerinidae
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Uvigerina
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Uvigerina peregrina (1)
-
-
-
-
Cassidulinacea
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Anomalinidae
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Cibicidoides (1)
-
-
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Globigerinacea
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Globigerinidae
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Globigerina
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Globigerina bulloides (2)
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Globigerinoides
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Globigerinoides ruber (4)
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Globigerinoides sacculifer (1)
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-
-
Globorotaliidae
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Globorotalia
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Globorotalia inflata (1)
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Neogloboquadrina
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Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (4)
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Rotaliacea
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Elphidium (1)
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Silicoflagellata (1)
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isostasy (1)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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O-18/O-16 (38)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
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land use (1)
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Mediterranean region
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Mediterranean Sea
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
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upper Albian (2)
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Aptian (3)
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Neocomian (1)
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Thamama Group (1)
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Natih Formation (1)
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Nenjiang Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Bridge Creek Limestone Member (1)
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Campanian (3)
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Cenomanian
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upper Cenomanian (1)
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Coniacian (2)
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Greenhorn Limestone (1)
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K-T boundary (5)
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Maestrichtian
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Santonian (2)
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Tropic Shale (1)
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Turonian
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-
-
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Jurassic
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middle Liassic (1)
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Pliensbachian (2)
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Toarcian
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (3)
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upper Liassic (1)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Arab Formation (2)
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Hanifa Formation (2)
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Kimmeridge Clay (3)
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Kimmeridgian
-
lower Kimmeridgian (1)
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Oxfordian (1)
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Tithonian (1)
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-
-
Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (2)
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Middle Triassic
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Anisian (1)
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Ladinian (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Mercia Mudstone (1)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (3)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
climate forcing
Fingerprints of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and solar activity cycles recorded in the middle Eocene Bohai Bay Basin (East China) Available to Purchase
Exploring the Gravitational Impact of Spring Tides on Earthquake Occurrence in Central Asia Available to Purchase
North Pacific warmth synchronous with the Miocene Climatic Optimum Open Access
Volcanic and orbitally forced carbon release during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum Available to Purchase
Anti-phase variation of long eccentricity and precipitation in inland Asia during the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum Available to Purchase
Millennial-scale climate cycles modulated by Milankovitch forcing in the middle Cambrian (ca. 500 Ma) Marjum Formation, Utah, USA Available to Purchase
Astronomical influence on Miocene continental environments in Tibet, east-central Asia Available to Purchase
Exploring Early Eocene Hyperthermals on the New Jersey Paleoshelf (ODP 174AX) Open Access
Effect of short-term, climate-driven sediment deposition on tectonically controlled alluvial channel incision Open Access
Multivariate examination of the sediment-deficient southeast Australian continental shelf Available to Purchase
East Asian summer monsoon variations across the Miocene–Pliocene boundary recorded by sediments from the Guide Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau Available to Purchase
Chapter 2. Sequence stratigraphic concepts and methodologies Available to Purchase
Abstract This chapter reviews sequence stratigraphic concepts and methodologies and presents an approach that is most applicable to the North Sea Jurassic, based on the concept of genetic sequence stratigraphy. The concept of depositional sequences, comprising rock units bounded by unconformities, has been developed from the late nineteenth century up to the present day. Many different studies have been carried out on North Sea Jurassic sequence stratigraphy, from the early 1980s to the present day and involving a range of different approaches. Many authors have adopted the J sequence approach that was first published in the early 1990s; however, a number of alternative North Sea Jurassic sequence schemes have also been described. A close relationship existed between tectonics and sequence boundary development, particularly during the Middle–Late Jurassic in the North Sea region. Several of the major unconformities that are known to be of regional extent can be directly related to significant tectonic phases. Other sequence boundaries, for which a tectonic control is not evident, for example, particularly in the Early Jurassic, were potentially driven by glacio-eustatic cycles, which may have been controlled by orbital forcing cycles.
A global perspective of soil-forming conditions during the Late Pennsylvanian: potential stochastic forcing by geosphere–biosphere carbon pools Available to Purchase
Abstract The Kasimovian was a time of ecological upheaval and large-magnitude changes in palaeoclimate. Referred to as the ‘collapse’ of the palaeotropical rainforests, the Kasimovian is marked by rapid changes in megafloral communities and associated ecosystem effects on vertebrates and invertebrates. p CO 2 variation coincided with these ecological catastrophes, varying between pre-industrial levels (PAL) to 2×PAL on 10 5 year timescales. Our understanding of the carbon cycle perturbations that affected p CO 2 and the connection of these climate-forcings to the terrestrial upheaval of palaeotropical rainforests remains a grand challenge. Here, the effects of palaeosol accumulation and/or degradation on the terrestrial carbon cycle during the Kasimovian is assessed. Palaeosols are surveyed from ice-free depositional basins on Pangaea and assessed for palaeolandscape equilibrium. An orbital framework is developed in order to understand the relationships of palaeosols, the carbon cycle, and insolation. Based on these analyses a key time interval emerges in the early Kasimovian. This time interval records a shift in palaeolandscape equilibria, terrestrial carbon cycling, and orbital forcing. The carbon cycling and landscape equilibria are eccentricity-paced; however, predominance of short eccentricity and obliquity throughout this interval indicates that the changes to palaeosols and the locus of carbon burial may have acted as a stochastic process.
Ordovician cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology Open Access
Abstract Cyclostratigraphy is an important tool for understanding astronomical climate forcing and for reconstructing geological time in sedimentary sequences, provided that an imprint of insolation variations caused by Earth's orbital eccentricity, obliquity and precession is preserved (Milankovitch forcing). Understanding astronomical climate forcing has proven fundamental for the study of Cenozoic climate systems and the construction of high-resolution continuous time scales (astrochronologies). Pre-Cenozoic astrochronologies face several challenges: (1) uncertainties in the deep-time astronomical solutions and parameters; (2) less complete and less well preserved strata; and (3) the sparsity of geochronologic anchor points. Consequently, Paleozoic astrochronologies are typically based on identification of the stable 405 kyr eccentricity cycle instead of shorter astronomical cycles. Here, a state-of-the-art review of Ordovician cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology is presented, as well as suggestions on their robust application in an Ordovician context. Ordovician astronomically driven climate dynamics are suggested to have influenced processes like glacial dynamics, sea-level variations and changes in biodiversity. Ordovician cyclostratigraphic studies can help to construct high-resolution numerical time scales, ideally in combination with high-quality radio-isotopic dating. As such, cyclostratigraphy is becoming an increasingly important part of an integrated stratigraphic approach to help disentangle Ordovician stratigraphy and palaeoenviromental changes.