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- mineral deposits, genesis (18)
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elements, isotopes
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- chemical ratios (2)
- hydrogen
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- isotope ratios (26)
- isotopes
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    - C-14 (8)
    - Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
    - Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
    - Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
    - Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
    - U-238/Pb-206 (1)
  - stable isotopes
    - Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
    - C-13/C-12 (8)
    - D/H (3)
    - Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
    - Li-7 (2)
    - Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
    - O-18/O-16 (13)
    - Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
    - Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
    - Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
    - Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
    - S-34/S-32 (6)
    - Si-30 (2)
    - Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
    - Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
    - U-238/Pb-206 (1)
- Lu/Hf (1)
- metals
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    - uranium
      - U-238/Pb-206 (1)
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    - lithium
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  - alkaline earth metals
    - beryllium
      - Be-10 (1)
    - strontium
      - Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
  - aluminum
    - Al-26 (1)
  - chromium (1)
  - cobalt (1)
  - gold (1)
  - hafnium
    - Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
  - iron (1)
  - lead
    - Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
    - Pb-207/Pb-204 (5)
    - Pb-207/Pb-206 (2)
    - Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
    - U-238/Pb-206 (1)
  - nickel (1)
  - platinum group
    - iridium (1)
    - rhodium (1)
  - precious metals (2)
  - rare earths
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      - Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
      - Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
    - samarium
      - Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
  - titanium (1)
- noble gases
  - argon
    - Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
- oxygen
  - O-18/O-16 (13)
- silicon
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- sulfur
  - S-34/S-32 (6)
fossils
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- Chordata
  - Vertebrata
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        Teleostei
        
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        Theria
        
        Eutheria
        
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        Primates
        
        Hominidae (2)
        
        Ungulata (1)
- fungi (1)
- ichnofossils
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- Invertebrata
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        Ostracoda (3)
      - Insecta
        
        Pterygota
        
        Neoptera
        
        Endopterygota
        
        Coleoptera (1)
    - Trilobitomorpha
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        Rudistae (1)
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    - Gastropoda (1)
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  - Protista
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        Fusulinidae (1)
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  - Vermes
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- microfossils
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- palynomorphs
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- Plantae
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    - nannofossils (2)
  - Spermatophyta
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      - Coniferales
        
        Pinaceae
        
        Pinus (1)
geochronology methods
- (U-Th)/He (2)
- Ar/Ar (15)
- exposure age (1)
- fission-track dating (1)
- K/Ar (6)
- Lu/Hf (1)
- paleomagnetism (13)
- Pb/Pb (2)
- Rb/Sr (5)
- Re/Os (2)
- Sm/Nd (4)
- tephrochronology (1)
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- thermochronology (5)
- U/Pb (47)
- uranium disequilibrium (1)
geologic age
- Anthropocene (1)
- Cenozoic
  - Chalcolithic (1)
  - Koobi Fora Formation (3)
  - Omo Group (2)
  - Quaternary
    - Holocene
      - lower Holocene (3)
      - Middle Ages (1)
      - middle Holocene (1)
      - upper Holocene (2)
    - lower Quaternary (2)
    - Pleistocene
      - Bishop Tuff (1)
      - Champlain Sea (1)
      - Illinoian (1)
      - lower Pleistocene
        
        Olduvai Subchron (1)
      - Matuyama Chron (2)
      - middle Pleistocene (1)
      - Presumpscot Formation (1)
      - upper Pleistocene
        
        Sangamonian (1)
        
        Weichselian (1)
        
        Wisconsinan
        
        lower Wisconsinan (2)
        
        middle Wisconsinan (1)
        
        upper Wisconsinan (4)
    - upper Quaternary
      - Brunhes Chron (1)
  - Shungura Formation (3)
  - Siwalik System (2)
  - Tertiary
    - Arikaree Group (1)
    - Catahoula Formation (1)
    - lower Tertiary (3)
    - middle Tertiary (1)
    - Neogene
      - Miocene
        
        Calvert Formation (1)
        
        Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
        
        Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
        
        lower Miocene
        
        Aquitanian (2)
        
        middle Miocene
        
        Choptank Formation (1)
        
        Peach Springs Tuff (2)
        
        Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
        
        Saint Marys Formation (1)
        
        upper Miocene
        
        Eastover Formation (1)
        
        Messinian (1)
      - Ogallala Formation (2)
      - Pliocene
        
        Gauss Chron (1)
        
        lower Pliocene (2)
        
        Yorktown Formation (1)
    - Paleogene
      - Eocene
        
        Bracklesham Group (1)
        
        Chumstick Formation (1)
        
        lower Eocene (3)
        
        middle Eocene
        
        Barton Clay (1)
        
        Bartonian (1)
        
        Lutetian (1)
        
        upper Eocene
        
        Jackson Group (1)
        
        Poway Conglomerate (3)
        
        Priabonian (1)
      - Oligocene
        
        Brule Formation (1)
        
        lower Oligocene (1)
        
        upper Oligocene (4)
      - Paleocene
        
        Clayton Formation (1)
        
        lower Paleocene
        
        K-T boundary (3)
        
        Puercan (1)
        
        Porters Creek Formation (1)
        
        upper Paleocene (1)
      - Renova Formation (1)
      - Sespe Formation (4)
  - upper Cenozoic (4)
- Dalradian (5)
- Lake Bonneville (1)
- Laurentide ice sheet (3)
- Mesozoic
  - Antalya Complex (1)
  - Cretaceous
    - Blairmore Group (3)
    - Colorado Group (2)
    - Kuskokwim Group (1)
    - Lower Cretaceous
      - Albian
        
        lower Albian (1)
      - Aptian
        
        Shuaiba Formation (1)
      - Cadomin Formation (1)
      - Clearwater Formation (1)
      - Mannville Group (2)
      - McMurray Formation (1)
      - Moosebar Formation (1)
      - Pebble Shale (1)
      - Purbeckian (1)
      - Spirit River Formation (2)
    - Potomac Group (1)
    - Upper Cretaceous
      - Campanian (1)
      - Cardium Formation (1)
      - Cenomanian (2)
      - Coniacian (3)
      - K-T boundary (3)
      - Maestrichtian (1)
      - Neuquen Group (1)
      - Santonian (2)
      - Senonian (5)
      - Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
      - Turonian
        
        middle Turonian (1)
    - Viking Formation (1)
  - Franciscan Complex (5)
  - Great Valley Sequence (4)
  - Jurassic
    - Carmel Formation (2)
    - Lower Jurassic
      - Toarcian (2)
      - upper Liassic (1)
    - Middle Jurassic
      - Bathonian (1)
      - Page Sandstone (1)
    - Upper Jurassic
      - Bowser Lake Group (1)
      - Hanifa Formation (1)
      - Oxfordian (1)
      - Portlandian (1)
      - Tithonian (1)
  - Kayenta Formation (1)
  - lower Mesozoic (2)
  - Maiolica Limestone (1)
  - Triassic
    - Hawkesbury Sandstone (1)
    - Lower Triassic
      - Bunter (4)
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
    - Moenkopi Formation (1)
    - Shublik Formation (1)
    - Takla Group (1)
    - Upper Triassic
      - Chinle Formation (2)
      - Shinarump Member (2)
  - upper Mesozoic (3)
- Paleozoic
  - Cambrian
    - Acadian (1)
    - Lower Cambrian (1)
    - Middle Cambrian (2)
    - Tapeats Sandstone (1)
    - Upper Cambrian (2)
  - Carboniferous
    - Jackfork Group (1)
    - Lower Carboniferous
      - Dinantian (4)
    - Mabou Group (1)
    - Mississippian
      - Harrodsburg Limestone (1)
      - Lower Mississippian
        
        Kayak Shale (1)
        
        Kekiktuk Conglomerate (1)
        
        Osagian (2)
        
        Tournaisian (1)
      - Macumber Formation (1)
      - Middle Mississippian
        
        Visean (3)
      - Upper Mississippian
        
        Chesterian
        
        Cypress Sandstone (1)
      - Windsor Group (1)
    - Pennsylvanian
      - Lower Pennsylvanian
        
        Haymond Formation (1)
      - Middle Pennsylvanian
        
        Atokan
        
        Atoka Formation (1)
        
        Desmoinesian
        
        Cherokee Group (1)
        
        Paradox Formation (1)
      - Morien Group (1)
      - Pottsville Group (1)
      - Strawn Series (1)
    - Tesnus Formation (1)
    - Upper Carboniferous
      - Stephanian (1)
      - Westphalian (1)
  - Cow Head Group (1)
  - Devonian
    - Keg River Formation (2)
    - Lower Devonian
      - Emsian (2)
      - Pragian (1)
    - Middle Devonian
      - Marcellus Shale (1)
      - Prairie Evaporite (2)
    - Old Red Sandstone (11)
    - Upper Devonian (4)
  - Horton Group (1)
  - lower Paleozoic (3)
  - Ordovician
    - Buchans Group (3)
    - Lower Ordovician
      - Arenigian (1)
      - Ellenburger Group (1)
      - Oneota Dolomite (1)
      - Tremadocian
        
        Halifax Formation (1)
    - Middle Ordovician
      - Darriwilian (2)
      - Llanvirnian (1)
      - Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
      - Whiterockian (1)
    - Upper Ordovician
      - Caradocian (2)
  - Permian
    - Cutler Formation (1)
    - Ecca Group (1)
    - Lower Permian
      - Leonardian
        
        Clear Fork Group (1)
    - Upper Permian
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
  - Silurian
    - Lower Silurian
      - Wenlock (1)
    - Upper Silurian
      - Ludlow (2)
  - upper Paleozoic
    - Bakken Formation (1)
    - Calaveras Formation (1)
    - Dwyka Formation (2)
  - Weber Sandstone (1)
- Precambrian
  - Archean
    - Neoarchean
      - Dharwar Supergroup (1)
    - Timiskaming Group (2)
  - Carrizo Mountain Formation (1)
  - Eocambrian (3)
  - Hamersley Group (1)
  - Hazel Formation (1)
  - Kingston Peak Formation (1)
  - Missi Group (1)
  - Stirling Quartzite (2)
  - Transvaal Supergroup (1)
  - upper Precambrian
    - Proterozoic
      - Baraga Group (1)
      - Huronian
        
        Gowganda Formation (1)
        
        Onaping Formation (1)
      - Lewisian (1)
      - Mesoproterozoic (8)
      - Neoproterozoic
        
        Cryogenian (2)
        
        Ediacaran (1)
        
        Infracambrian (2)
        
        Sturtian (2)
        
        Torridonian (1)
      - Paleoproterozoic
        
        Whitewater Group (1)
      - Windermere System (1)
  - Ventersdorp Supergroup (2)
  - Yellowjacket Formation (1)
igneous rocks
- igneous rocks
  - carbonatites (1)
  - granophyre (2)
  - hypabyssal rocks (1)
  - kimberlite (5)
  - peperite (3)
  - plutonic rocks
    - diabase (3)
    - diorites
      - plagiogranite (1)
      - quartz diorites (1)
      - tonalite (4)
      - trondhjemite (3)
    - gabbros
      - alkali gabbros (1)
      - norite (1)
    - granites
      - felsite (1)
    - granodiorites (3)
    - ultramafics (5)
  - porphyry (2)
  - volcanic rocks
    - andesites (7)
    - basalts
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      - mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
      - tholeiite (1)
      - tholeiitic basalt (2)
    - basanite (1)
    - dacites (2)
    - glasses (1)
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    - pyroclastics
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      - hyaloclastite (3)
      - ignimbrite (4)
      - pumice (12)
      - rhyolite tuff (1)
      - scoria (3)
      - tuff (8)
      - welded tuff (1)
    - rhyodacites (1)
    - rhyolites
      - quartz porphyry (2)
    - tephrite (1)
    - trachytes (2)
- ophiolite (11)
- volcanic ash (3)
metamorphic rocks
- metamorphic rocks
  - amphibolites (1)
  - eclogite (1)
  - gneisses
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    - orthogneiss (3)
  - granulites (1)
  - impactites
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      - suevite (6)
  - metaigneous rocks
    - metabasalt (1)
    - metabasite (1)
    - metagabbro (1)
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  - metasedimentary rocks
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    - metapelite (2)
    - metasandstone (3)
  - metasomatic rocks
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    - pseudotachylite (7)
  - phyllites (1)
  - quartzites (16)
  - schists
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    - greenschist (1)
    - tourmalinite (1)
  - slates (1)
- ophiolite (11)
- turbidite (21)
meteorites
- meteorites
  - Northwest Africa Meteorites (2)
  - stony meteorites
    - achondrites
      - Martian meteorites (1)
    - chondrites
      - carbonaceous chondrites
        
        CR chondrites (1)
      - enstatite chondrites (1)
minerals
- carbonates
  - calcite (6)
  - dolomite (1)
  - siderite (1)
- halides
  - chlorides (1)
- minerals (1)
- native elements
  - graphite (2)
- oxides
  - baddeleyite (1)
  - brucite (1)
  - chromite (1)
  - goethite (1)
  - hematite (4)
  - ilmenite (1)
  - iron oxides (2)
  - maghemite (1)
  - magnetite (5)
  - spinel (2)
  - tantalates
    - microlite (1)
- phosphates
  - apatite (3)
  - monazite (4)
  - xenotime (1)
- silicates
  - chain silicates
    - aenigmatite group
      - sapphirine (1)
    - amphibole group
      - clinoamphibole
        
        hornblende (1)
    - pyroxene group
      - clinopyroxene
        
        diopside (3)
        
        hedenbergite (1)
        
        jadeite (1)
        
        omphacite (1)
      - orthopyroxene
        
        enstatite (1)
  - framework silicates
    - feldspar group
      - alkali feldspar
        
        anorthoclase (1)
        
        K-feldspar (2)
        
        sanidine (3)
      - plagioclase
        
        anorthite (1)
    - silica minerals
      - cristobalite (2)
      - quartz (18)
      - tridymite (1)
  - orthosilicates
    - nesosilicates
      - andalusite (1)
      - garnet group
        
        pyrope (1)
      - mullite (1)
      - titanite group
        
        titanite (1)
      - zircon group
        
        zircon (46)
    - sorosilicates
      - chevkinite group
        
        chevkinite (1)
      - epidote group
        
        allanite (1)
  - ring silicates
    - tourmaline group (1)
  - sheet silicates
    - chlorite group
      - chlorite (3)
      - clinochlore (1)
    - clay minerals
      - kaolinite (5)
      - saponite (1)
      - smectite (1)
    - illite (2)
    - mica group
      - biotite (4)
      - muscovite (4)
    - serpentine group
      - lizardite (1)
      - serpentine (2)
- sulfates
  - anhydrite (2)
  - barite (1)
  - gypsum (2)
- sulfides
  - iron sulfides (1)
  - marcasite (1)
  - molybdenite (1)
  - pyrite (1)
  - pyrrhotite (1)
Primary terms
- absolute age (77)
- Africa
  - Central Africa
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  - East Africa
    - Ethiopia
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    - Kenya
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    - Turkana Basin (3)
  - Lebombo Mountains (1)
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  - North Africa
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  - Southern Africa
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    - South Africa
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      - Free State South Africa
        
        Vredefort Dome (3)
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        Johannesburg South Africa (1)
      - Northern Cape Province South Africa
        
        Kimberley South Africa (2)
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      - Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
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    - Swaziland (1)
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  - West Africa
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- Antarctica
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- Arctic region
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      - Spitsbergen Island
        
        Brogger Peninsula (1)
- Asia
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  - Far East
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  - Indian Peninsula
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- Atlantic Ocean
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- Australasia
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  - New Zealand
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- bacteria (1)
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- biogeography (2)
- bitumens
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- brines (3)
- Canada
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  - Cold Lake (2)
  - Eastern Canada
    - Baffin Island (1)
    - Maritime Provinces
      - New Brunswick (4)
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- carbon
  - C-13/C-12 (8)
  - C-14 (8)