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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Arctic Ocean
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Laptev Sea (2)
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Arctic region (1)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Altai Russian Federation
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Arabian Peninsula
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Far East
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China
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Ordos Basin (2)
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Mongolia
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (2)
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Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
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Siberia (2)
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Siberian Platform
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Yenisei Ridge (2)
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Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
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West Siberia
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Yenisei Basin (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Caribbean region
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Central America
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Guatemala
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Santiaguito (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Chukchi Peninsula (1)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (2)
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Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
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Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
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Polar Urals
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Siberian Platform
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Yenisei Ridge (2)
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Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Urals
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West Siberia
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stable isotopes
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deuterium (1)
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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bismuth (1)
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gold (2)
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iron
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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platinum group
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precious metals (1)
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nitrogen (2)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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fossils
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Invertebrata
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Mandibulata
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Insecta
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Mollusca
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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geologic age
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Tertiary
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lower Eocene
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middle Eocene (1)
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upper Eocene (1)
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Oligocene (1)
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Shahejie Formation (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Jurassic
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic (1)
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Montney Formation (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Yanchang Formation (2)
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Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Carboniferous
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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kimberlite (2)
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garnet lherzolite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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native elements
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Primary terms
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Arctic region (1)
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Asia
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Altai Russian Federation
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Far East
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China
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Indian Peninsula
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (2)
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Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
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West Siberia
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Yenisei Basin (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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carbon
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Caribbean region
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Cenozoic
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Iron Age (1)
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Quaternary
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Holocene (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Pliocene (2)
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Paleogene
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Dongying Formation (1)
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Eocene
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lower Eocene
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Willwood Formation (1)
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middle Eocene (1)
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upper Eocene (1)
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Oligocene (1)
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Paleocene (1)
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
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Shahejie Formation (1)
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Central America
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Guatemala
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Santiaguito (1)
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chemical analysis (13)
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deuterium (1)
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igneous rocks
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kimberlite (2)
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diorites (1)
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granites (1)
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peridotites
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fluid inclusions (13)
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Invertebrata
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Insecta
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Exopterygota
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Mollusca
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Coleoidea
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Protista
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isotopes
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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stable isotopes
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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Mesozoic
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Triassic
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Montney Formation (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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precious metals (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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gneisses (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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greisen
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quartzites (1)
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metamorphism (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
chromatography
Multiphase pools caused by gas invasion in deep Ordovician carbonates from the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin, China Available to Purchase
Analytical Techniques for Identification and Characterization of Extraterrestrial Organic Matter Available to Purchase
Petrogenesis and Evolution of Tharad Coals of Cambay Basin, Gujarat (Western India): An Insight Available to Purchase
Reworked pollen reduces apparent floral change during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Open Access
Biomarkers: Molecular Tools to Study Life, Environment, and Climate Available to Purchase
Hydrocarbon charge and petroleum system evolution of the Montney Formation: A multidisciplinary case study of the Blueberry sub-play in Northeast British Columbia, Canada Available to Purchase
Geochemistry of Brines and Oil Occurrences in the Udachnaya Kimberlite Pipe (Siberian Platform) Open Access
Evidence for deeply buried, oil-prone source rocks in the Baiyun depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea Available to Purchase
Geochemical characteristics and source of Chang 8 crude oil in the east part of the Shanbei Slope, Ordos Basin, China Available to Purchase
An integrated organic–inorganic geochemical characterization of Paleogene sediments in No.1 Structural Belt of the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China: implications for the origin of organic matter Available to Purchase
Organic Geochemistry and Microfossils of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Strata in the Lower Reaches of the Olenek River (Northeastern Framing of the Siberian Platform, Arctic Siberia) Available to Purchase
Hydrocarbons in Fluid Inclusions from Native Gold, Pyrite, and Quartz of the Sovetskoe Deposit (Yenisei Ridge, Russia) According to Pyrolysis-Free Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Data Available to Purchase
Source potential and reservoir characterization of the Cambay Shale, Cambay Basin, India: Implications for tight gas and tight oil resource development Available to Purchase
Sediment Organic Matter in Areas of Intense Methane Release in the Laptev Sea: Characteristics of Molecular Composition Available to Purchase
Gold–Telluride–Palladium Mineralization, a New Type of Mineralization in Gabbro-Dolerites of the Pai-Khoi Ridge (Yugor Peninsula, Russia) Available to Purchase
11 Organic Geochemical Patterns of the Vaca Muerta Formation Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The Vaca Muerta Formation (Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous) bears a high-quality, oil-prone kerogen deposited under mostly anoxic, marine conditions and constitutes a world-class source rock with outstanding geochemical characteristics for the generation of petroleum (oil and gas) throughout the Neuquén Basin. The formation has been identified as the main source for the majority of the hydrocarbon pools found in conventional reservoirs of the basin, but in the last ten years, it has also acquired significance as a self-sourced unconventional reservoir target for both oil and gas. An extended database that comprises several tens of thousands of samples, including cuttings, cores, sidewall cores, and outcrops of the Vaca Muerta Formation from wells and outcrop sections along the entire basin was evaluated. This allowed formulating patterns of organic richness, hydrocarbon source quality, and distribution of free hydrocarbons in six reference areas of the basin. These reference areas are defined based either on the impact of the sedimentary rock on generated hydrocarbons or on the significant thermal maturity differences. The areas are: Malargüe, Chihuido-Lomita, Northeast Platform, Embayment, Huincul Arch, and Picún Leufú. More than 300 oils and organic extracts from Vaca Muerta and nearly 500 mud and production gas samples completed the data set to understand the key features of the fluids occurring in the prospectable areas for unconventional resources (shale oil and shale gas). Collected and evaluated analytical data include total organic carbon (TOC), programmed pyrolysis, visual kerogen analyses, bulk chemical composition of fluids, gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for biomarker fingerprints (GCMS), stable carbon isotopes, bulk and compositional kinetics, and x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Moreover, insights into the essential processes of the Vaca Muerta unconventional petroleum system including kerogen-related issues and basin-scale processes are discussed in terms of source rock kinetics, modeling of burial/exhumation histories, porosity development, and overpressure occurrence. The Embayment area stands out as the most attractive for unconventional development to produce middle-to-light oil with low sulfur content along with gas condensate westward. An analogous pattern is observed in the Chihuido-Lomita and Huincul Arch areas, with similar source rock characteristics but with overall lower thermal maturity compared with the Embayment area. However, in the transition to the Northeast Platform, the northeastern fringe of Chihuido-Lomita and Embayment areas present middle-to-heavy, mostly sulfur-rich oils, with limited gas potential, hence requiring higher permeability to yield commercial production. The Malargüe area is characterized by overall mid maturity and limited quality of oil (middle to heavy), predominantly sulfur-rich. Finally, the Picún Leufú area is conditioned by a source rock with low potential because of thinner organic-rich intervals and low-to-middle thermal maturity.