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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Chadronian
Taphonomy and depositional history of the Southfork Quarry (Cypress Hills Formation, late Eocene) in southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada
A latest Eocene (Chadronian) brontothere (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Antero Formation, South Park, Colorado
A late Eocene (Chadronian) mammalian fauna from the White River Formation in Kings Canyon, northern Colorado
EARLIEST RECORD OF DENTAL PATHOGEN DISCOVERED IN A NORTH AMERICAN EOCENE RABBIT
QUANTIFYING LEPTOMERYX (MAMMALIA, ARTIODACTYLA) ENAMEL SURFACE AREA ACROSS THE EOCENE–OLIGOCENE TRANSITION IN NEBRASKA
THE USE OF GROSS DENTAL WEAR IN DIETARY STUDIES OF EXTINCT LAGOMORPHS
The stratigraphic section located at Toadstool Park, northwestern Nebraska, preserves a detailed sedimentological and fossil record of the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, yet chronologic control is limited to sparse ash dates and magnetostratigraphy. To improve the chronologic control of the Toadstool Park sediments, we examined the fossil collection at the University of Nebraska State Museum and recorded the stratigraphic level of some important biochronologic events. All stratigraphic levels were determined relative to the Upper Purplish White layer (UPW), a distinctive ash that is chemically and mineralogically correlated to an ash dated at 34.6 ± 0.1 Ma. The small artiodactyls Leptomeryx speciosus, Leptomeryx mammifer, and Leptomeryx yoderi co-occur at ‒34 ± 2 m, implying that the early Chadronian–middle Chadronian boundary (35.7 Ma) is located at this level. The first occurrence of L. mammifer (i.e., the middle Chadronian–late Chadronian boundary, 34.8 Ma) is located at ‒18 ± 2 m, and the first occurrence of the camel Poebrotherium wilsoni (34.2 Ma) is located at 0 ± 2 m. The first occurrences of two other artiodactyls (Hypertragulus calcaratus and Leptomeryx evansi), which define the Chadronian-Orellan boundary (33.9 Ma), are located approximately at the UPW, ~5 m lower than in the nearby type sections of Wyoming. This apparent diachroneity may reflect sampling bias in Nebraska, i.e., loose material washed down from higher outcrops. The first occurrences of the dwarfed oreodont Miniochoerus affinis and of the rodent Eumys elegans (i.e., late early Orellan, 33.6 Ma) are located at +8 ± 2 m and +11 m, respectively. Finally, the first occurrence of M. gracilis (i.e., early late Orellan, 33.2 Ma) is located at +13 ± 2 m. These time points, along with magnetostratigraphy and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates obtained for this section, were used to refine the age model for a previously published stable isotope record of fossil bone CO 3 . The record is augmented here with 59 bone samples from federal lands near Toadstool Park spanning the critical time period of 33.8–33.4 Ma. The δ 18 O values in the complete data set show a step to higher values (from 23.0‰ ± 0.2‰ to 24.5‰ ± 0.2‰) at ca. 34 Ma, synchronous with the marine record. In combination with unchanged enamel compositions, this increase in bone CO 3 δ 18 O translates into a mean annual temperature drop of 7.1 ± 3.1 °C across the boundary. The time of onset of the climate change coincides with an increase in sedimentation rate from 19 to 37 m/m.y., confirming the strong role of climate on continental erosion and sediment yield.
The Chadronian mammalian fauna of the Florissant Formation, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Colorado
During the past five years, renewed prospecting and collecting of mammalian fossils in the Florissant Formation within Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument in central Colorado has nearly tripled the known diversity of fossil mammals from this rock unit. Taxa first recorded here from the Florissant Formation include the eomyid rodent Paradjidaumo trilophus , the lagomorph Palaeolagus , and the rare artiodactyl Pseudoprotoceras longinaris . We also describe an isolated deciduous premolar of a protoceratid. We update the mammalian faunal list of the Florissant Formation, which includes some 16 species in 13 families and 6 orders. The mammalian fauna corroborates the Chadronian (latest Eocene) age determined by others. Geographic ranges of Pelycomys , Palaeolagus , and Paradjidaumo trilophus are extended slightly southwest from northeastern Colorado, and the range of Pseudoprotoceras longinaris is extended southwest from Wyoming and Nebraska. Based upon comparison with nearest living relatives and plausible analogs, the mammalian taxa represented in the Florissant Formation seem to be consistent with the moist, warm temperate, relatively high elevation wetland and woodland habitats that have been inferred by others for the area in and around late Eocene Lake Florissant.
Hyaenodon venturae (Hyaenodontidae, Creodonta, Mammalia) from the early Chadronian (latest Eocene) of Wyoming
The skull and upper dentition of Heliscomys senex Wood (Heliscomyidae: Rodentia)
A latest Chadronian (Late Eocene) mammalian fauna from the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan
Carnivora and Creodonta of the Calf Creek local fauna (late Eocene, Chadronian), Cypress Hills Formation, Saskatchewan
Evolution in Yoderimyinae (Eomyidae: Rodentia), with new material from the White River Formation (Chadronian) at Flagstaff Rim, Wyoming
The Oligocene rodent Ischyromys of the Great Plains; replacement mistaken for anagenesis
Reidentification of the Chadronian supposed didelphid marsupial Alloeodectes mcgrewi as part of the deciduous dentition of the canid Hesperocyon
Plagiomenids (Mammalia: ?Dermoptera) from the Oligocene of Oregon, Montana, and South Dakota, and middle Eocene of northwestern Wyoming
Two new genera and species of plagiomenids (Mammalia, ?Dermoptera, Plagiomenidae) are described from the North American Uintan (middle Eocene) and Chadronian (early Oligocene). A third genus and species, Ekgmowechashala philotau, from the early and middle Arikareean (late Oligocene) of the northern United States, is removed from the primate family Omomyidae and placed in the Plagiomenidae. All three newly recognized plagiomenids are placed in the Ekgmowechashalinae, sister subfamily to the subfamily Plagiomeninae (new rank). Ekgmowechashaline plagiomenids are somewhat primate-like, as is the plagiomenine genus Worlandia, but the Plagiomenidae are usually considered to be allied to the living colugos of southeast Asia, order Dermoptera. Analysis of that relationship is placed outside the scope of this paper. Tarka stylifera, the earliest known ekgmowechashaline, occurs in the type section of the Tepee Trail Formation, early Uintan (Shoshonian: late medial Eocene) of northwestern Wyoming. This locality falls in paleomagnetic Chron C20R, interpreted to be close to 47.5 Ma in age. A second, more primitive but later-occurring ekgmowechashaline genus and species, Tarkadectes montanensis, is from a nominally early Oligocene level (Chadronian) in the Kishenehn Formation of northern Montana. Ekgmowechashala is known from lower dentitions from the early Arikareean Sharps Formation of South Dakota and probably from an upper dentition reported from middle Arikareean rocks in the John Day Formation of Oregon. Ekgmowechashala is placed with the other two genera because of lower cheek-tooth morphology, but it lacks the enlarged incisor of Tarka. Ekgmowechashalines are hypothesized here to be primarily frugivores, folivores, and nectar- and exudate-feeders. Until now, known undoubted plagiomenids were restricted to the Paleocene and early Eocene (Wasatchian). The newly recognized post-Wasatchian occurrences are all in the northern part of the United States and are in keeping with previously known plagiomenid geographic distribution, which ranged from northern Wyoming to the Canadian arctic and possibly beyond.