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Africa
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upper Precambrian
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Date
Availability
Central Rand Group
Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms to the Stratigraphic Correlation of Archean Shale Units Based on Lithogeochemistry Available to Purchase
Source-to-Sink Analysis of the Gold-Hosting Mesoarchean Main and Mondeor Formations (Central Rand Group) in the Area South of Johannesburg, Witwatersrand Basin, Kaapvaal Province, South Africa Available to Purchase
A geochemical study of the Crown Formation and Bird Member lavas of the Mesoarchaean Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa Available to Purchase
Age of the Archaean Murchison Belt and mineralisation, South Africa Available to Purchase
The Significance of Erosion Channels on Gold Metallogeny in the Witwatersrand Basin (South Africa): Evidence from the Carbon Leader Reef in the Carletonville Gold Field Available to Purchase
Silver Isotopes as a Source and Transport Tracer for Gold: A Reconnaissance Study at the Sheba and New Consort Gold Mines in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa Available to Purchase
Supracrustal gneisses in southern Swaziland: a basalt-sandstone assemblage of the upper Mozaan Group deformed in the Neoarchaean Available to Purchase
Provenance and Geochemical Variations in Shales of the Mesoarchean Witwatersrand Supergroup Available to Purchase
Pyrite Zoning as a Record of Mineralization in the Ventersdorp Contact Reef, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa Available to Purchase
O- AND H-ISOTOPE STUDY OF THE CARBON LEADER REEF AT THE TAU TONA AND SAVUKA MINES (WESTERN DEEP LEVELS), SOUTH AFRICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF WITWATERSRAND BASIN FLUIDS Available to Purchase
Origin of hydrothermal fluids and gold mineralization associated with the Ventersdorp Contact Reef, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: Constraints from S, O, and H isotopes Available to Purchase
The Ventersdorp Contact Reef, one of the major gold-bearing conglomerate horizons in the Witwatersrand Basin, occurs as a distinct horizon between the overlying Klipriviersberg Group lavas (2714 Ma) and the underlying Central Rand Group rocks (<2894 to >2714 Ma). The Ventersdorp Contact Reef has been metamorphosed and hydrothermally altered under greenschist facies conditions (290–350 °C and 0.2–0.3 GPa). A study of S, O, and H isotopes was carried out to constrain the sources of hydrothermal fluids and gold mineralization in the Ventersdorp Contact Reef. A narrow range of δ 34 S values (−1.5‰ to +1.8‰) for authigenic pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena from the Ventersdorp Contact Reef and its hanging-wall and footwall lithologies suggests a reconstitution of detrital sulfides during fluid circulation at peak metamorphic conditions. The δ 18 O values of authigenic quartz and calcite range from +8.9‰ to +11.3‰, and the δ 18 O and δD values of muscovite separates are between +7.2‰ and +8.4‰ and −62‰ and −31‰ respectively. The estimated δ 18 O (+4.8‰ to +6.1‰) and δD (−27‰ to −39‰) values of the fluids in equilibrium with these minerals under the relevant P-T conditions suggest a metamorphic origin for the fluid. It is concluded that the metamorphic fluids involved were probably derived from the Basin itself, and allogenic sulfides in the Ventersdorp Contact Reef were reconstituted during fluid circulation at peak metamorphic conditions. Accordingly, gold appears to have been locally remobilized and possibly derived from pre-existing placer concentrations.