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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Tunisia
-
El Kef Tunisia (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (1)
-
Port Elizabeth South Africa (1)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Durban South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Sierra Leone (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Arctic region (1)
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Anhui China (1)
-
Gansu China (2)
-
Guangxi China (1)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Hebei China
-
Tianjin China (1)
-
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
Loess Plateau (1)
-
Meishan China (4)
-
Shandong China
-
Qingdao China (1)
-
-
Shanxi China (2)
-
Sichuan China (2)
-
Tangshan China (1)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
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Yangtze River (1)
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Yunnan China (1)
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Zhejiang China
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Changxing China (1)
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Indonesia
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Java (1)
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Krakatoa (2)
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Sumatra
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Toba Lake (2)
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Sunda Strait (1)
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Japan
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Honshu
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Asama (1)
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Fukushima Japan (2)
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Miyagi Japan (1)
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Tohoku (1)
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Tokyo Japan (2)
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Philippine Islands
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Luzon
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Taal (1)
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Samar (1)
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Taiwan (3)
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Pakistan (1)
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Middle East
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Iran (1)
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Turkey
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Atlantic Ocean
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South Atlantic
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Hierro (2)
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Australasia
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Australia
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New Zealand
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Ruapehu (1)
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Taranaki New Zealand
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Mount Egmont (1)
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Taupo (1)
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Taupo volcanic zone (1)
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Papua New Guinea
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Bathurst Island (1)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Quebec
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Charlevoix (1)
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Saguenay Valley (1)
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Nunavut
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Western Canada
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Alberta (2)
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British Columbia
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Mount Meager (1)
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Northwest Territories (1)
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Saskatchewan (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Jamaica (1)
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Lesser Antilles
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Barbados (1)
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Martinique
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Mount Pelee (1)
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Montserrat Island (1)
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Cascade Range (6)
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Central America
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El Salvador
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-
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Central Cordillera (1)
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Channeled Scabland (3)
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Chicxulub Crater (5)
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Columbia River (1)
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Columbia River basin (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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-
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Ukraine
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Boltyshka Depression (1)
-
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kohala (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Central Alps
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Rhaetian Alps
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Adamello Massif (1)
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Eastern Alps
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Carnic Alps (2)
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Central Europe
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Austria (2)
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Pyrenees
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Italy
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Ukraine
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Medicine Lake (1)
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Mexico
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Mexico state
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North America
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Appalachians
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Central Appalachians (1)
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Valley and Ridge Province (1)
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Basin and Range Province
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Great Lakes region (3)
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Great Plains (1)
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Rocky Mountains (2)
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Saint Lawrence Valley (1)
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Sonoran Desert (1)
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North Island (3)
-
Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Hawaii County Hawaii
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Hawaii Island
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Kohala (1)
-
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-
-
-
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Owens Valley (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
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Japan Trench (1)
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Nankai Trough (1)
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South China Sea (1)
-
-
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
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Japan Trench (1)
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Nankai Trough (1)
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South China Sea (1)
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Ontong Java Plateau (1)
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Pasco Basin (1)
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Raton Basin (1)
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Snake River (1)
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Snake River canyon (1)
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Souris River basin (1)
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South America
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Andes
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Southern Andes (1)
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Argentina
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Brazil (1)
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Chile
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Colombia
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Peru
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United States
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Arizona
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Meteor Crater (1)
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Maricopa County Arizona (1)
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Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
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California
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Kern County California (1)
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Northern California (1)
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Clark's Fork Basin (1)
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Colorado
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Hudson Valley (1)
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Idaho
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Ada County Idaho (1)
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Iowa
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Manson impact structure (1)
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Kansas
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Lake Tahoe (1)
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Mojave Desert (1)
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Montana
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Pennsylvania
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Southwestern U.S. (1)
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Texas (1)
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Virginia
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Madison County Virginia (1)
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Nelson County Virginia (1)
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Washington
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Cowlitz River (1)
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Pierce County Washington
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Mount Rainier (1)
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Skamania County Washington
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Mount Saint Helens (2)
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Snohomish County Washington (1)
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Toutle River (2)
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Wisconsin (1)
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Heart Mountain Fault (1)
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Park County Wyoming (1)
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Yucatan Peninsula (1)
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commodities
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construction materials (3)
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energy sources (1)
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mineral resources (1)
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oil and gas fields (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (6)
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C-14 (4)
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isotope ratios (8)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (4)
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Cs-137 (1)
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Pu-239 (2)
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Sr-90 (1)
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U-235 (1)
-
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (6)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (3)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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metals
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actinides
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plutonium
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Pu-239 (2)
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uranium
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U-235 (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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calcium (1)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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Sr-90 (1)
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manganese (1)
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nickel (1)
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platinum group
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iridium (3)
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noble gases (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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phosphorus (1)
-
short-lived isotopes (2)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (3)
-
-
-
fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
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Invertebrata
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Brachiopoda (1)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Scleractinia
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Acropora
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Acropora palmata (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Rudistae (1)
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-
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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Gastropoda (1)
-
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Protista
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Foraminifera (4)
-
-
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microfossils
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Conodonta (3)
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palynomorphs
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megaspores (1)
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miospores (1)
-
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Plantae
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algae
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nannofossils (1)
-
-
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thallophytes (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
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optically stimulated luminescence (1)
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paleomagnetism (4)
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radiation damage (1)
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Th/U (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (1)
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Middle Ages (1)
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upper Holocene (6)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Lake Missoula (2)
-
upper Pleistocene
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Malan Loess (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
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Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
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upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (6)
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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middle Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (1)
-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
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Danian (2)
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K-T boundary (11)
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Tullock Member (1)
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-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
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-
-
-
Lake Bonneville (2)
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Laurentide ice sheet (5)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Aptian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Cenomanian (1)
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Hell Creek Formation (1)
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K-T boundary (11)
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Maestrichtian
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upper Maestrichtian (1)
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Pierre Shale (1)
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Senonian (1)
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Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (7)
-
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
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-
-
-
Paleozoic
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Cambrian (1)
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian (1)
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Upper Carboniferous (1)
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-
Devonian
-
Guilmette Formation (1)
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Lower Devonian
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Emsian (1)
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Siegenian (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
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Famennian (1)
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Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (7)
-
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (3)
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Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (5)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
andesite tuff (1)
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
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pumice (1)
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tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
impactites (1)
-
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turbidite (4)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
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chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites (1)
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-
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
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aragonite (1)
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calcite (1)
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thaumasite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
native elements
-
fullerene (1)
-
-
silicates
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
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plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
thaumasite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
thaumasite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (10)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Tunisia
-
El Kef Tunisia (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (1)
-
Port Elizabeth South Africa (1)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Durban South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
West Africa
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Sierra Leone (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
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Arctic region (1)
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Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Anhui China (1)
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Gansu China (2)
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Guangxi China (1)
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Guizhou China (1)
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Hebei China
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Tianjin China (1)
-
-
Liaoning China (1)
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Loess Plateau (1)
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Meishan China (4)
-
Shandong China
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Qingdao China (1)
-
-
Shanxi China (2)
-
Sichuan China (2)
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Tangshan China (1)
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Xinjiang China (1)
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Yangtze River (1)
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Yunnan China (1)
-
Zhejiang China
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Changxing China (1)
-
-
-
Indonesia
-
Java (1)
-
Krakatoa (2)
-
Sumatra
-
Toba Lake (2)
-
-
Sunda Strait (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Asama (1)
-
Fukushima Japan (2)
-
Miyagi Japan (1)
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Tohoku (1)
-
Tokyo Japan (2)
-
-
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Taal (1)
-
-
Samar (1)
-
-
Taiwan (3)
-
-
Himalayas (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Nepal
-
Kathmandu Nepal (1)
-
-
Pakistan (1)
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catastrophes
Revisiting Paleoearthquakes with Numerical Modeling: A Case Study of the 1679 Sanhe–Pinggu Earthquake
Geological characterization and failure analysis of a catastrophic landslide in volcaniclastic soils: the Banjarnegara–Jemblung Landslide (Indonesia)
High-magnitude stresses induced by mineral-hydration reactions
An Additional Perspective on “Is the Long‐Term Probability of the Occurrence of Large Earthquakes along the Nankai Trough Inflated? Conflict between Science and Risk Management”—By Manabu Hashimoto
The geosciences perspective on seismic response assessment and application to risk mitigation - Guest Editorial
Mapping urban limit conditions in the perspective of disaster risk prevention and land management
Validation of the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment by the Taiwan Earthquake Model through Comparison with Strong Ground Motion Observations
CGFDM3D‐EQR: A Platform for Rapid Response to Earthquake Disasters in 3D Complex Media
Fractional Catastrophe Model considering the Rheological Properties of Slope Faults
Impacts on catastrophe risk assessments from multi-segment and multi-fault ruptures in the UCERF3 model
Susceptibility assessment of landslides caused by snowmelt in a typical loess area in the Yining County, Xinjiang, China
Localization of Potential Leakage Areas inside Plain Reservoirs Using Waterborne Electrical Resistivity Tomography
ABSTRACT In late Wisconsin time, the Purcell Trench lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet dammed the Clark Fork of the Columbia River in western Montana, creating glacial Lake Missoula. During part of this epoch, the Okanogan lobe also dammed the Columbia River downstream, creating glacial Lake Columbia in northeast Washington. Repeated failure of the Purcell Trench ice dam released glacial Lake Missoula, causing dozens of catastrophic floods in eastern Washington that can be distinguished by the geologic record they left behind. These floods removed tens of meters of pale loess from dark basalt substrate, forming scars along flowpaths visible from space. Different positions of the Okanogan lobe are required for modeled Missoula floods to inundate the diverse channels that show field evidence for flooding, as shown by accurate dam-break flood modeling using a roughly 185 m digital terrain model of existing topography (with control points dynamically varied using automatic mesh refinement). The maximum extent of the Okanogan lobe, which blocked inundation of the upper Grand Coulee and the Columbia River valley, is required to flood all channels in the Telford scablands and to produce highest flood stages in Pasco Basin. Alternatively, the Columbia River valley must have been open and the upper Grand Coulee blocked to nearly match evidence for high water on Pangborn bar near Wenatchee, Washington, and to flood Quincy Basin from the west. Finally, if the Columbia River valley and upper Grand Coulee were both open, Quincy Basin would have flooded from the northeast. In all these scenarios, the discrepancy between modeled flood stages and field evidence for maximum flood stages increases in all channels downstream, from Spokane to Umatilla Basin. The pattern of discrepancies indicates that bulking of floods by loess increased flow volume across the scablands, but this alone does not explain low modeled flow stages along the Columbia River valley near Wenatchee. This latter discrepancy between modeled flood stages and field data requires either additional bulking of flow by sediment along the Columbia reach downstream of glacial Lake Columbia, or