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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Cape Verde Islands (25)
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Southern Africa
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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Antarctica
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Victoria Land
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Mount Melbourne (1)
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Inner Mongolia China
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Bayan Obo China (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Cape Verde Rise (1)
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Northeast Atlantic (1)
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-
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Azores (1)
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Bermuda (1)
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Canary Islands (4)
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Cape Verde Islands (25)
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Atlantic region (1)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii (2)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Dolomites
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Lessini Mountains (1)
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Lessini Mountains (1)
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Sardinia Italy (1)
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Fogo (1)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Crozet Islands (1)
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Mascarene Islands
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Reunion (1)
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii (2)
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United States
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Colorado Plateau (1)
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Hawaii (2)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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isotope ratios (3)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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iron
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ferrous iron (1)
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lead
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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titanium (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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fossils
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ichnofossils (1)
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Invertebrata
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Ostreoidea
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Ostreidae (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (3)
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microfossils (3)
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Plantae
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algae
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nannofossils (1)
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thallophytes (1)
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geochronology methods
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He/He (1)
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K/Ar (1)
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paleomagnetism (1)
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Re/Os (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene (2)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene (2)
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Pliocene (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous (2)
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Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic (1)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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igneous rocks
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extrusive rocks (1)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
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kimberlite (1)
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plutonic rocks
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lamprophyres (1)
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monzonites (1)
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syenites
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nepheline syenite (2)
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ultramafics
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peridotites
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harzburgite (1)
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lherzolite (1)
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spinel peridotite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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augitite (1)
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basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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ocean-island basalts (2)
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basanite (2)
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limburgite (1)
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nephelinite (1)
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pyroclastics
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tuff (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks (1)
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minerals
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silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group (1)
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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aegirine (1)
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framework silicates
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nepheline group
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nepheline (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (1)
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Africa
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Cape Verde Islands (25)
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Southern Africa
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Kaapvaal Craton (1)
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-
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Antarctica
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Victoria Land
-
Mount Melbourne (1)
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-
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Asia
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Far East
-
China
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Bayan Obo China (1)
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-
-
-
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Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Cape Verde Rise (1)
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Northeast Atlantic (1)
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-
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Azores (1)
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Bermuda (1)
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Canary Islands (4)
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Cape Verde Islands (25)
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Atlantic region (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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catalogs (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene (2)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene (2)
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Pliocene (1)
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crust (4)
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crystal chemistry (1)
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crystal structure (1)
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data processing (1)
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earthquakes (1)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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Hawaii (2)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Dolomites
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Lessini Mountains (1)
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-
Southern Europe
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Italy
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Lessini Mountains (1)
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Sardinia Italy (1)
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faults (1)
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geochemistry (3)
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geochronology (1)
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heat flow (1)
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ichnofossils (1)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
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kimberlite (1)
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plutonic rocks
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lamprophyres (1)
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monzonites (1)
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syenites
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nepheline syenite (2)
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ultramafics
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peridotites
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harzburgite (1)
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lherzolite (1)
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spinel peridotite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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augitite (1)
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basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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ocean-island basalts (2)
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basanite (2)
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limburgite (1)
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nephelinite (1)
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pyroclastics
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tuff (1)
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inclusions (3)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Crozet Islands (1)
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Mascarene Islands
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Reunion (1)
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intrusions (3)
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Invertebrata
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa (1)
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
-
Ostreoidea
-
Ostreidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (3)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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-
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lava (2)
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magmas (5)
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mantle (7)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous (2)
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Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic (1)
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-
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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-
-
iron
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
-
rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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titanium (1)
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metamorphic rocks (1)
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metasomatism (2)
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ocean basins (1)
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ocean floors (1)
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii (2)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (1)
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paleoecology (1)
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paleogeography (3)
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paleomagnetism (1)
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petrology (2)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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phase equilibria (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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nannofossils (1)
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plate tectonics (4)
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sea-level changes (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks (2)
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clastic rocks (1)
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sedimentation (1)
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (1)
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stratigraphy (5)
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structural geology (2)
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tectonics (1)
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tectonophysics (1)
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thallophytes (1)
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United States
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Colorado Plateau (1)
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Hawaii (2)
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volcanology (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks (2)
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clastic rocks (1)
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volcaniclastics (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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carbonate sediments (1)
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volcaniclastics (1)
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Cape Verde Islands
What Darwin did not see: Pleistocene fossil assemblages on a high-energy coast at Ponta das Bicudas, Santiago, Cape Verde Islands
Carbonatites and associated nephelinites from São Vicente, Cape Verde Islands
Depleted swell root beneath the Cape Verde Islands
Geochemical characteristics of oceanic carbonatites from the Cape Verde Islands
Mesozoic deep-water and Tertiary volcaniclastic deposition of Maio, Cape Verde Islands: Discussion and reply: Discussion
Mesozoic deep-water and Tertiary volcaniclastic deposition of Maio, Cape Verde Islands: Implications for Atlantic paleoenvironments and ocean island volcanism
The geological history of Maio, Cape Verde Islands
Geochemistry of the Cape Verde Islands and Fernando de Noroñha
An augitite from S. Vicente, Cape Verde islands
Fracture zones across the Cape Verde Rise, NE Atlantic
Intraplate seismicity in the Atlantic Ocean Basin: a teleseismic catalog
Occurrence of nepheline-monzonite and allied types in the Cape Verde archipelago
Observations geologiques sur les iles du Cap Vert
Island-Encapsulating Eolian Sedimentary Systems of the Canary and Cape Verde Archipelagos
The geochemistry and petrology of an alkaline lamprophyre sheet intrusion complex on Maio, Cape Verde Republic
The fumarolic CO 2 output from Pico do Fogo Volcano (Cape Verde)
Heterogeneous mantle-derived helium isotopes in the Canary Islands and other ocean islands
Tracers of uplift and subsidence in the Cape Verde archipelago
Colourless aegirine in metamorphic rocks from Bayan Obo (Inner Mongolia): lack of charge transfer transitions as possible explanation
Metasomatism versus host magma infiltration: A case study of Sal mantle xenoliths, Cape Verde Archipelago
Based on phase geochemistry and Re-Os isotopic ratios, an exotic (in an oceanic setting) K-rich silicate melt, named kimberlite-type, has been claimed to be the metasomatizing agent interacting with subcontinental lithospheric mantle fragments beneath the Cape Verde Archipelago. On the basis of textural features and major- and trace-element chemistry, we constrain key geochemical indicators able to discriminate percolation at depth of this exotic melt from infiltration of the host magma in Cape Verde mantle xenoliths. Cape Verde type A lherzolites and harzburgites show evidence of dissolution of the primary phases (mainly pyroxenes) and the presence of large patches of secondary mineral (and glass) assemblages, and they do not show textural evidence of host basalt infiltration. Cape Verde type A mantle xenoliths frequently contain almost pure K-feldspar (An 3.8–8.8 , Ab 6–24 , Or 72–89 ) in the secondary mineral assemblage. They have an anomalously high K content (up to 0.49 wt%), and K/Na ratios generally >1, with respect to Cape Verde peridotites clearly affected by host basalt infiltration (type B samples). The dichotomy between Na and K observed in the two textural types suggests that the Na-alkaline host basalt (K/Na <1), which infiltrated at low pressure, was able to modify the whole-rock Na content of the xenoliths (type B samples). In turn, a completely different K-rich alkaline melt, which interacted at depth with the peridotite, imposed its alkali ratio (K/Na >1) on the bulk composition and formed the type A xenoliths. The kimberlite-type metasomatic agent, which reacted with the Cape Verde peridotite assemblage (mainly orthopyroxenes) in those regions where the mantle xenoliths are entrapped in the host basalt ( P = 17 kbar; T = 1092 °C), reasonably tends toward SiO 2 -saturated, K-rich basic magmas (lamproite-type?) with K-feldspars as the “liquidus” phase. Isotopic data on separate clinopyroxenes do not contribute to discrimination between metasomatism and infiltration processes but certainly concur to reinforce the hypothesis that a fragment of subcontinental lithospheric mantle domain was preserved during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, forming K-rich undersaturated silicate melts that percolated through the peridotite matrix. Whole-rock major- and trace-element and isotopic geochemistry alone would not contribute to the interpretation of the processes occurring in the mantle xenolith. The most reliable tool would be an in situ mineral (and glass) study, which would be valid for Cape Verde mantle xenoliths and others. Small-melting-degree undersaturated silicate melts percolating at depth are olivine-saturated and may form, by reaction and dissolution of pyroxene, type A olivine without substantially modifying the original Fe/Mg peridotite ratio. By contrast, under low-pressure (<1.5 GPa), high-temperature regimes, olivine silicate melts infiltrating the mantle xenoliths form type B olivine, in which Fe/Mg ratios will be controlled by fractionation. Mantle diopsides interact (at depth) with undersaturated silicate melts, rearranging the most fusible elements into a new diopside composition: type A clinopyroxene. By contrast, diopsides that interact with melts at progressively lower pressure react and are locally rearranged in a new chemical structure that is able to accommodate the high diffusive elements (i.e., Fe and Ti): type B aegirine-augites. Fe 3+ in spinel is a key element in the investigation of the processes acting on Cape Verde mantle xenoliths. As a metasomatic product, secondary chromian spinel tends toward a Fe 3+ -buffered composition, mainly depending on pressure and chemistry of the magma. A decompression system is able to change the percolation regime from porous flow to open conduit. At this stage, the chromian spinel would be the low-pressure phase able to accommodate larger amounts of Fe 3+ . Type A glasses have exceptionally high K 2 O content, and, when associated with K-feldspars, they are buffered at ~9 K 2 O wt%, in a silica range of 55.7–66.8 wt%. By contrast, type B glasses follow a hypothetical major-element trend toward the host basanites. In conclusion, the compositional features (in particular major elements) of minerals and glasses in relation to their chemical behavior in mantle systems are the most efficient tools to distinguish metasomatism-related (type A) from infiltration-related (type B) samples and consequently to place the mantle xenoliths in a correct genetic framework.