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biogeography (4)
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carbon
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Ash Hollow Formation (2)
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lower Miocene
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middle Miocene (1)
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upper Miocene (3)
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Valentine Formation (1)
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Zia Formation (1)
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Ogallala Formation (1)
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (1)
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upper Pliocene
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Rexroad Formation (1)
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Paleogene
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Central America
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Belize (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Aves (4)
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia
-
Bovidae
-
Bison (2)
-
-
Cervidae (3)
-
Tylopoda
-
Camelidae (31)
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-
-
-
Carnivora
-
Fissipeda
-
Canidae
-
Canis (1)
-
-
Felidae
-
Panthera (1)
-
Smilodon (2)
-
-
Mustelidae (1)
-
Ursidae (1)
-
-
-
Chiroptera (1)
-
Condylarthra (1)
-
Edentata
-
Xenarthra (1)
-
-
Lagomorpha
-
Leporidae (1)
-
-
Perissodactyla
-
Ceratomorpha
-
Rhinocerotidae
-
Rhinoceros (1)
-
-
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae
-
Equus (6)
-
-
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Mammuthus (4)
-
-
-
Gomphotheriidae (1)
-
Mastodontoidea (2)
-
-
Rodentia
-
Myomorpha
-
Cricetidae (3)
-
-
-
Ungulata (2)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Chelonia (1)
-
Testudinidae (1)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Lepidosauria
-
Squamata (3)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (1)
-
geochemistry (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Guanajuato Mexico (1)
-
San Luis Potosi Mexico (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (1)
-
Valley of Mexico (1)
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North America
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Great Plains (2)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (4)
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paleoecology (6)
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South America
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Argentina
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Buenos Aires Argentina (1)
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Pampas (1)
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Brazil
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Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (1)
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stratigraphy (2)
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United States
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
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California
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Contra Costa County California (1)
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Colorado (3)
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Florida
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Alachua County Florida (1)
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Idaho (1)
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Kansas
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Meade County Kansas (1)
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Nebraska
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Antelope County Nebraska (1)
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Garden County Nebraska (1)
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Knox County Nebraska (1)
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Morrill County Nebraska (2)
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Webster County Nebraska (1)
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Nevada
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Churchill County Nevada (1)
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Douglas County Nevada (1)
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Lyon County Nevada (1)
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Storey County Nevada (1)
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New Mexico
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Sandoval County New Mexico (1)
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Oregon
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Umatilla County Oregon (1)
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South Carolina
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Dorchester County South Carolina (1)
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Texas
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Crosby County Texas (1)
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Hemphill County Texas (1)
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Utah
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Millard County Utah (1)
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Wyoming
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Laramie County Wyoming (1)
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sedimentary structures
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burrows (1)
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coprolites (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Camelidae
New occurrences of mammals from McKay Reservoir (Hemphillian, Oregon) Open Access
Paleodiet of Lamini camelids (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from the Pleistocene of southern Brazil: insights from stable isotope analysis (δ 13 C, δ 18 O) Available to Purchase
Pleistocene mammals from Extinction Cave, Belize Available to Purchase
Diet and habitat of mesomammals and megamammals from Cedral, San Luis Potosí, México Available to Purchase
Camel fossils from gravel pits near Edmonton and Vauxhall, and a review of the Quaternary camelid record of Alberta Available to Purchase
TAPHONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AN ASSEMBLAGE OF LAMA GUANICOE (ARTIODACTYLA, CAMELIDAE) FROM THE LATE HOLOCENE (PAMPEAN REGION, ARGENTINA) Available to Purchase
The geology and paleontology of Ashfall Fossil Beds, a late Miocene (Clarendonian) mass-death assemblage, Antelope County and adjacent Knox County, Nebraska, USA Available to Purchase
Abstract The Lagerstätte at Ashfall Fossil Beds—the result of supervolcanic eruption—preserves a mass-death assemblage of articulated skeletons of reptiles, birds, and mammals in a 3-m-thick pure volcanic ash near the base of the Cap Rock Member of the Ash Hollow Formation in Antelope County, Nebraska. The ash originated from the Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera in southwest Idaho, some 1600 km away, and it is geochemically matched with the Ibex Hollow tuff (11.93 Ma). Ashfall is a critical Clarendonian North American Land Mammal Age locality. More than 20 taxa—predominantly medium- and large-sized ungulates preserved in three dimensions—are buried in a late Miocene paleodepression (waterhole) filled with tephra reworked from the landscape by wind and water. Smaller taxa, such as birds, turtles, and moschids, died shortly after the pyroclastic airfall event and their remains are preserved in the basal ash. Remains from the medium-sized ungulates (equids and camelids) are separated from the underlying smaller skeletons by several centimeters of ash, indicating that these animals died at a slightly later time. In turn, more than 100 mostly intact skeletons of the barrel-bodied rhinoceros, Teleoceras major , overlie the remains of the medium-sized taxa. Pathologic bone on the limbs and skulls of the horses, camels, and rhinos suggests short-term survival and slow death several weeks or months after the pyroclastic airfall event. Exquisite preservation in an information-rich context allows aspects of the behavior, social structure, intraspecific variability, and pathology of extinct species to be reconstructed.