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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Cape Verde Islands (1)
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East Africa
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Tanzania
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Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
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Madagascar (1)
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Southern Africa
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Karoo Basin (1)
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Namaqualand (1)
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South Africa
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Cape Province region (1)
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Asia
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Baikal region (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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Pakistan (1)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Middle East
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Israel (1)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario
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Western Canada
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Baikal region (1)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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Karymskaya Sopka (1)
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Russian Pacific region (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Dolomites
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Latemar Massif (1)
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Bavaria Germany (2)
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Southern Europe
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Italy
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Latemar Massif (1)
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Romania
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Apuseni Mountains (1)
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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Finland (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
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Isle of Skye (1)
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Highland region Scotland
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Inverness-shire Scotland
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Isle of Skye (1)
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Moine thrust zone (1)
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Wales (1)
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar (1)
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North America
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Great Plains (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Rio Grande Rift (1)
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South America
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Argentina
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United States
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Arizona (1)
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San Bernardino County California (1)
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Cheyenne Belt (1)
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New Mexico
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Dona Ana County New Mexico
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Las Cruces New Mexico (1)
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Sierra County New Mexico (1)
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Southwestern U.S. (1)
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Texas
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Terrell County Texas (1)
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Vermont
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Caledonia County Vermont (1)
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Essex County Vermont (1)
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Orleans County Vermont (1)
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Western U.S. (3)
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Wyoming
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commodities
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mineral deposits, genesis (3)
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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C-14 (1)
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chemical ratios (1)
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hydrogen
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D/H (2)
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incompatible elements (1)
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isotope ratios (7)
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isotopes
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C-14 (1)
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stable isotopes
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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D/H (2)
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O-18/O-16 (6)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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metals
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alkali metals
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sodium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium (1)
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calcium (5)
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magnesium (2)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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aluminum (3)
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chromium (1)
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iron
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ferric iron (1)
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ferrous iron (1)
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manganese (3)
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rare earths
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cerium (1)
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yttrium (1)
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titanium (1)
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vanadium (2)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (6)
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phosphorus (1)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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fossils
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bacteria (1)
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burrows (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Synapsida
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Therapsida
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Dicynodontia (1)
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fungi (1)
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ichnofossils (1)
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Invertebrata (1)
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Plantae (1)
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thallophytes (1)
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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middle Cenozoic (1)
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene (1)
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Tertiary
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Muddy Creek Formation (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene (1)
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Ogallala Formation (1)
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Pliocene (2)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene
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Ypresian (1)
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Paleocene (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Turonian
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middle Turonian (1)
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Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic
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Portlandian (1)
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Tithonian (1)
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-
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous (1)
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Devonian
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Old Red Sandstone (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Permian
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Upper Permian (1)
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Silurian (1)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (1)
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Neoproterozoic
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Ediacaran (1)
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Vendian (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
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plutonic rocks
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diorites
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quartz diorites (1)
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gabbros (1)
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granites (1)
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monzonites (1)
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pegmatite (1)
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ultramafics (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (2)
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basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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shoshonite (1)
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pyroclastics
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tuff (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (2)
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marbles (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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metabasalt (1)
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metagabbro (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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schists (1)
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minerals
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carbonates
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calcite (4)
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minerals (12)
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oxides
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phosphates
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silicates
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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actinolite (1)
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cummingtonite (2)
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hornblende (5)
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tremolite (1)
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tschermakite (1)
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orthoamphibole
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anthophyllite (1)
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gedrite (1)
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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diopside (1)
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tobermorite (1)
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wollastonite group
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wollastonite (1)
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xonotlite (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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plagioclase
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andesine (1)
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anorthite (1)
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bytownite (1)
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oligoclase (1)
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scapolite group
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scapolite (1)
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silica minerals
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quartz (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group
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andradite (1)
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grossular (1)
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hydrogarnet
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hydrogrossular (1)
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spurrite (1)
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zircon group
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zircon (1)
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sorosilicates
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epidote group
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allanite (1)
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melilite group
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gehlenite (1)
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melilite (1)
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vesuvianite (1)
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ring silicates
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aquamarine (1)
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beryl (1)
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emerald (1)
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scawtite (1)
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tourmaline group
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dravite (1)
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elbaite (1)
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schorl (1)
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sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chlorite (1)
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mica group
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biotite (1)
-
-
palygorskite (1)
-
talc (2)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (4)
-
Africa
-
Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namaqualand (1)
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Baikal region (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Karymskaya Sopka (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Israel (1)
-
-
Russian Pacific region (1)
-
Siberia (1)
-
Siberian fold belt (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Cape Verde Islands (1)
-
-
bacteria (1)
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boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador (1)
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
Ontario
-
Sudbury Basin (1)
-
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Quebec (1)
-
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Western Canada
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Athabasca Basin (1)
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British Columbia (2)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Saskatchewan (1)
-
-
-
carbon
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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C-14 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Pleistocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Muddy Creek Formation (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (1)
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Dicynodontia (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
crust (1)
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crystal chemistry (10)
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crystal growth (5)
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crystal structure (5)
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crystallography (1)
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data processing (1)
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diagenesis (3)
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economic geology (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Dolomites
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Latemar Massif (1)
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-
-
-
Central Europe
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Germany
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Bavaria Germany (2)
-
-
-
Southern Europe
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Italy
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Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
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Latemar Massif (1)
-
-
-
Romania
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Apuseni Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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Finland (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
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Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
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Inverness-shire Scotland
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Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Moine thrust zone (1)
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Wales (1)
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fractures (1)
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fungi (1)
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gems (1)
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geochemistry (16)
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geophysical methods (3)
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hydrogen
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D/H (2)
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ichnofossils (1)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (2)
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plutonic rocks
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diorites
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quartz diorites (1)
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gabbros (1)
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granites (1)
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monzonites (1)
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pegmatite (1)
-
ultramafics (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
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andesites (2)
-
basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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shoshonite (1)
-
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pyroclastics
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tuff (1)
-
-
-
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (3)
-
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Indian Ocean Islands
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Madagascar (1)
-
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intrusions (1)
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Invertebrata (1)
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (3)
-
D/H (2)
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O-18/O-16 (6)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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lava (1)
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magmas (4)
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mantle (2)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Turonian
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middle Turonian (1)
-
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Portlandian (1)
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Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
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aluminum ores (1)
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copper ores (2)
-
IOCG deposits (1)
-
molybdenum ores (1)
-
silver ores (1)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium (1)
-
calcium (5)
-
magnesium (2)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
aluminum (3)
-
chromium (1)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
manganese (3)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (1)
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
titanium (1)
-
vanadium (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (2)
-
marbles (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (2)
-
-
schists (1)
-
-
metamorphism (6)
-
metasomatism (5)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (3)
-
mineral exploration (4)
-
mineralogy (4)
-
minerals (12)
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (2)
-
-
Great Plains (1)
-
North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
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Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 206 (1)
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-
oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (6)
-
-
paleoclimatology (4)
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paleoecology (2)
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paleogeography (1)
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous (1)
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Devonian
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
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Permian
-
Upper Permian (1)
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Silurian (1)
-
-
paragenesis (6)
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petrology (5)
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Phanerozoic (1)
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phase equilibria (10)
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phosphorus (1)
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Plantae (1)
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plate tectonics (1)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (1)
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Neoproterozoic
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Ediacaran (1)
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Vendian (1)
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-
-
-
-
remote sensing (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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dolostone (1)
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limestone (4)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (1)
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evaporites (1)
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clastic rocks
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black shale (1)
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conglomerate (1)
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mudstone (2)
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novaculite (1)
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sandstone (2)
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sedimentary structures
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bioturbation (1)
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planar bedding structures
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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soils
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Desert soils (2)
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South America
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Argentina
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Chubut Argentina (1)
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Brazil (1)
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Patagonia (1)
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stratigraphy (2)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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tectonics (1)
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thallophytes (1)
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United States
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Arizona (1)
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California
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Imperial County California
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Salton Sea Field (1)
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San Bernardino County California (1)
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Southern California (2)
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Cheyenne Belt (1)
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Mojave Desert (1)
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Montana (2)
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Nevada (1)
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New Mexico
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Dona Ana County New Mexico
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Las Cruces New Mexico (1)
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-
Sierra County New Mexico (1)
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-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
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Texas
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Terrell County Texas (1)
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Vermont
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Caledonia County Vermont (1)
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Essex County Vermont (1)
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Orleans County Vermont (1)
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Western U.S. (3)
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Wyoming
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Albany County Wyoming (1)
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Carbon County Wyoming (1)
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volcanology (2)
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rock formations
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sedimentary rocks
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calcrete (2)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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dolostone (1)
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limestone (4)
-
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chemically precipitated rocks
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chert (1)
-
evaporites (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
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black shale (1)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
mudstone (2)
-
novaculite (1)
-
sandstone (2)
-
shale (1)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
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calcic composition
Calcic Vertisols in the upper Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone, Balfour Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa: Implications for Late Permian Climate
Mineralogical and Isotopic Characteristics of Sodic-Calcic Alteration in the Highland Valley Copper District, British Columbia, Canada: Implications for Fluid Sources in Porphyry Cu Systems
Sodic-Calcic Family of Alteration in Porphyry Systems of Arizona and Adjacent New Mexico
Vibrational spectroscopy of calcic amphiboles – applications for exploration and mining
The oldest evidence of bioturbation on Earth
Geology and Chemistry of the El Abuelo Calcic Fe-skarn and Related Cu-(Ag)-Bearing Hydrothermal Veins, Chubut Province, Southern Argentina
A melilite-bearing high-temperature calcic skarn, Camasunary Bay, Isle of Skye
Calcic pedocomplexes are associated with regional unconformities in the Great Plains and western United States that have approximate ages of 30 Ma, 20 Ma, and 4 Ma. In southwestern Montana, the calcic pedocomplexes are readily identifiable on the surface, and a pedocomplex typically contains several partial soil profiles. In the most complete scenario, an individual profile may contain an argillic or argillic/calcareous (Bt or Btk) horizon, a K horizon, and a C horizon. Often, however, the Bt(k) horizon is truncated or can be entirely absent from an individual profile. The K horizon contains an upper laminated zone that is underlain by an indurated carbonate sheet. Carbonate nodules and chalky micritic matrix materials underlie the sheet carbonate. The calcic paleosols display carbonate morphology ranging from stage IV to stage VI. The calcic pedocomplexes also possess distinct physical properties that aid in subsurface identification. The combined density and velocity differences between paleosols and nonpedogenic strata result in bright reflections on seismic sections and distinct well-log signatures. Although the calcic pedocomplexes and regional unconformity associations were first described within Tertiary strata of southwestern Montana, the same associations exist in numerous localities in the Great Plains and in other parts of the western United States. The extensive occurrence of the calcic paleosols and regional unconformity associations throughout this large area underscores their utility as a regional correlation tool. Moreover, the delineation of regional unconformities that are large-scale sequence boundaries by pedocomplexes has broad implications for continental sequence stratigraphy. En las Great Plains y oeste de Estados Unidos, los complejos edáficos cálcicos están asociados con las discontinuidades regionales cuyas edades aproximadas son: 30 Ma, 20 Ma, y 4 Ma. En el suroeste de Montana, estos edafocomplejos cálcicos se observan fácilmente en afloramientos de superficie y contienen varios perfiles edáficos incompletos. En los casos en los que estos complejos edáficos están más completos, un perfil individual puede contener un horizonte argílico (Bt) o argílico/calcáreo (Bt[k]), un horizonte K, y un horizonte C. Sin embargo, a menudo el horizonte Bt(k) está truncado o puede estar ausente totalmente en un perfil determinado. El horizonte K tiene una zona superior laminada que se sitúa por encima de una capa carbonática endurecida. Por debajo de la capa dura se reconocen nódulos carbonáticos y material micrítico pulverulento. Los paleosuelos carbonáticos tienen estadios morfológicos que varían entre IV y VI. Los complejos edáficos cálcicos también presentan propiedades físicas que facilitan su identificación en el subsuelo. Las combinación de las variaciones de densidad y velocidad en paleosuelos y estratos sin paleosuelos da lugar a reflexiones importantes en los perfiles sísmicos y a rasgos distintivos en sondeos. Si bien la asociación entre complejos pedocálcicos y las discontinuidades regionales se describió por primera vez en estratos Terciarios del suroeste de Montana, estas mismas asociaciones se reconocen también en muchas otras zonas de las Great Plains y en otras partes del oeste de Estados Unidos Norteamericanos. La frecuente presencia de estas asociaciones en una zona tan amplia indica su utilidad como herramienta de correlación regional. Además, la delimitación de las discontinuidades regionales que constituyen límites de secuencias de gran escala, y que están marcados por estos complejos edáficos, tiene implicaciones importantes para aplicar en la estratigrafia secuencial de cuencas continentales.
Preservational bias in paleosol formation is rarely discussed and remains a major issue in paleopedology. The relatively simple paleosol profiles of the Silurian-Devonian Old Red Sandstone alluvial successions of southwest Wales provide an opportunity to investigate the completeness of a widespread type of calcic Vertisol. Reactivated, truncated cumulate horizons provide means of assessing the dynamics of floodplain erosion and accumulation. While these distinctive profiles are not especially common, effects of low-magnitude erosion events were probably masked, affecting only the topmost part of the upper soil horizon. In the absence of a stabilizing rooted vascular plant cover in pre–mid-Paleozoic sediments, such mobile upper soil horizons were likely a common feature. La posibilidad de preservación de paleosuelos es un hecho raramente discutido, a pesar de ser un tema importante dentro de la paleoedafología. Los perfiles de paleosuelos relativamente sencillos de las sucesiones aluviales del Silúrico-Devónico de la Old Red Sandstone en el suroeste de Gales ofrecen una buena oportunidad para investigar si el registro de algunos tipos de paleosuelos muy frecuentes, los Vertisuelos cálcicos, es completo o no. Los horizontes reactivados, truncados y compuestos de estos paleosuelos nos aportan los medios para conocer la dinámica de la erosión y acumulación dentro de la llanura de inundación. En los casos en los que estos perfiles no son muy comunes, los efectos de eventos erosivos de baja magnitud quedan enmascarados afectando sólo a la parte más alta del horizonte superior del suelo. En ausencia de una cobertera vegetal de plantas vasculares enraizadas que estabilizaran la superficie, como es el caso de los sedimentos anteriores al Paleozoico medio, estos horizontes móviles del suelo fueron probablemente un rasgo característico.
Estimates of atmospheric CO 2 levels during the mid-Turonian derived from stable isotope composition of paleosol calcite from Israel
The carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic calcite from mid-Turonian paleosols in Israel was analyzed to evaluate paleoenvironmental conditions and calculate paleoatmospheric p CO 2 . The central area of Israel was a part of a marine carbonate shelf that emerged during the mid-Turonian stage, as evidenced by karstic phenomena, fluvial sandstone, and soil profiles. The paleosols have the characteristics of equivalent modern calcic Vertisols but are distinguished by the predominance of palygorskite, which formed as an essential part of the soil processes. The pedogenic calcite and the underlying and overlying marine limestone beds have mean δ 13 C (‰, Vienna Peedee belemnite [VPDB]) values of −6.15 ± 0.93, −2.82 ± 1.87, −1.33 ± 2.17, respectively, and δ 18 O values of −5.03 ± 1.24, −6.31 ± 0.87, and −5.81 ± 0.97, respectively. In most sections, the δ 18 O values of pedogenic calcite are much heavier than those of the limestone due to evaporation. Since most of the pedogenic calcite formed at >50 cm depth and did not show diagenetic modification, the δ 13 C values were used to calculate p CO 2 according to the Cerling model (as applied by Ekart et al., 1999 ). This marks the first Turonian p CO 2 estimate calculated from pedogenic calcite. The calculated range for the mid-Turonian is 1450–2690 ppmv CO 2 . This high p CO 2 level is similar to or somewhat higher than other estimates for the Cretaceous and in accord with calculated high Turonian temperatures from many studies. La zona central de Israel formó parte de una plataforma marina carbonática que emergió durante el Turoniense medio, tal como indican los fenómenos cársticos, las areniscas fluviales y los perfiles edáficos. Los paleosuelos tienen características similares a vertisuelos cálcicos recientes, y presentan como rasgo distintivo la abundancia de paligorskita, que se formó durante los procesos edáficos. El registro continental indica un aumento progresivo de la aridez. Se analizó la composición isotópica de carbono y oxígeno de las calcitas pedogénicas de estos paleosuelos del Turoniense medio con objeto de evaluar las condiciones ambientales y calcular los paleoniveles de CO 2 atmosféricos. Los valores medios de las calcitas pedogénicas y de las calizas marinas infra y suprayacentes son, respectivamente, −6.15 ± 0.93, −2.82 ± 1.87, −1.33 ± 2.17 (‰, VPDB) para el δ 13 C, y −5.03 ± 1.24, −6.31 ± 0.87, −5.81 ± 0.97, para el δ 18 O. En la mayoría de las secciones los valores de δ 18 O de las calcitas pedogénicas son más pesados que los de las calizas, debido a la evaporación. Puesto que la mayoría de las calcitas pedogénicas se formaron a profundidades superiores a 50 cm y no presentan rasgos de modificación diagénetica, sus valores de δ 13 C se usaron para calcular la p CO 2 de acuerdo con el modelo de Cerling (Ekart et al., 1999 ). Esta es aparentemente la primera estimación realizada a partir de calcita pedogénica para el Turoniense. Los cálculos realizados asumen una baja tasa de respiración de CO 2 en el suelo (Sz = 4000 ppmV), 25 °C como temperatura del suelo y valores de 2‰ para el δ 13 C de los carbonatos oceánicos superficiales. Los datos obtenidos para el Turoniense medio indican valores de 1450 a 2690 ppmv de p CO 2 . Estos valores elevados son similares o algo más altos que otras estimaciones realizadas para el Cretácico y son coherentes con las elevadas temperaturas que se han calculado en otros estudios para el Turoniense.