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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (2)
-
West Africa
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
-
West African Craton (3)
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland (1)
-
Russian Arctic
-
Novaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (2)
-
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
Menderes Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic (2)
-
-
Atlantic region (1)
-
Avalon Zone (3)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (2)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cape Breton Island
-
Cape Breton Highlands (1)
-
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
-
Novaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Polar Urals
-
Pai-Khoi (1)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
Novaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Timan Ridge (1)
-
-
Timan Ridge (1)
-
Urals
-
Novaya Zemlya (1)
-
Polar Urals
-
Pai-Khoi (1)
-
-
-
-
Europe
-
Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
-
Novaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Carpathians
-
Polish Carpathians (2)
-
Western Carpathians (3)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (5)
-
Czech Republic
-
Barrandian Basin (1)
-
Czech Erzgebirge (1)
-
Czech Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
Moravia (1)
-
-
Erzgebirge
-
Czech Erzgebirge (1)
-
-
Fichtelgebirge (1)
-
Germany
-
Saxony Germany (1)
-
Saxony-Thuringia (2)
-
Thuringia Germany (1)
-
-
North Sudetic Basin (1)
-
Poland
-
Dolnoslaskie Poland (1)
-
Lower Silesia (1)
-
Malopolskie Poland (1)
-
Polish Carpathians (2)
-
Swiety Krzyz Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Sudeten Mountains
-
Czech Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
-
Pyrenees
-
French Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Crete (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Central Iberian Zone (3)
-
Iberian Massif (5)
-
Iberian pyrite belt (1)
-
Ossa-Morena Zone (8)
-
Portugal
-
Evora Portugal (1)
-
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Huelva Spain
-
Aracena Spain (1)
-
-
-
Basque Provinces Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Mountains (1)
-
Castile Spain
-
New Castile Spain (1)
-
-
Castilla y Leon Spain (1)
-
Castilla-La Mancha Spain
-
Ciudad Real Spain
-
Almaden Spain (1)
-
-
-
Galicia Spain (1)
-
-
Spanish Central System (1)
-
-
Moesian Platform (1)
-
-
Timan Ridge (1)
-
Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone (1)
-
Variscides (5)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Armorican Massif (15)
-
Brittany (8)
-
Calvados France (1)
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (1)
-
-
Cotes-d'Armor France (7)
-
French Pyrenees (1)
-
Ille-et-Vilaine France (3)
-
Manche France
-
Cotentin Peninsula (1)
-
-
Monts du Lyonnais (1)
-
Morbihan France (1)
-
Normandy (2)
-
-
Ireland (1)
-
United Kingdom
-
English Channel Islands
-
Guernsey (5)
-
Jersey (3)
-
-
Great Britain
-
England (1)
-
Scotland
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands (1)
-
-
-
Wales
-
Anglesey Wales (2)
-
Welsh Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Hare Bay (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean (1)
-
-
Meseta (2)
-
Midlands (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (2)
-
-
-
Russian Platform
-
Timan Ridge (1)
-
-
United States
-
Massachusetts (1)
-
New England (2)
-
Rhode Island
-
Newport County Rhode Island
-
Newport Rhode Island (1)
-
-
-
-
-
commodities
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
isotope ratios (14)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
niobium (1)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
-
microfossils (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (4)
-
K/Ar (2)
-
Lu/Hf (1)
-
paleomagnetism (4)
-
Pb/Pb (4)
-
Rb/Sr (3)
-
Sm/Nd (4)
-
U/Pb (34)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
Moldanubian (3)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Terreneuvian (1)
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Furongian (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Silesian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
-
Gemericum (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (3)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician (2)
-
-
Permian (5)
-
Silurian (3)
-
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Calymmian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (4)
-
Ediacaran (8)
-
Infracambrian (1)
-
Tonian (1)
-
Vendian (3)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (1)
-
Rhyacian (1)
-
Statherian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
Saxothuringian (5)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
quartz diorites (4)
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
tholeiite (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (3)
-
garnetite (1)
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (4)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
granulites (2)
-
hornfels (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metabasite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metagranite (3)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metaconglomerate (1)
-
metagraywacke (2)
-
metapelite (1)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (1)
-
-
mylonites (1)
-
schists (3)
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
turbidite (3)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
synchysite (1)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
synchysite (1)
-
-
-
minerals (1)
-
native elements
-
graphite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
thorianite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (2)
-
monazite (2)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (2)
-
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
grossular (1)
-
-
staurolite (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (28)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
epidote (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (40)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (2)
-
West Africa
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
-
West African Craton (3)
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland (1)
-
Russian Arctic
-
Novaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (2)
-
-
Middle East
-
Turkey
-
Menderes Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic (2)
-
-
Atlantic region (1)
-
biogeography (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (2)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cape Breton Island
-
Cape Breton Highlands (1)
-
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
continental drift (5)
-
crust (13)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
data processing (1)
-
deformation (11)
-
economic geology (1)
-
Europe
-
Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
-
Novaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Carpathians
-
Polish Carpathians (2)
-
Western Carpathians (3)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Bohemian Massif (5)
-
Czech Republic
-
Barrandian Basin (1)
-
Czech Erzgebirge (1)
-
Czech Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
Moravia (1)
-
-
Erzgebirge
-
Czech Erzgebirge (1)
-
-
Fichtelgebirge (1)
-
Germany
-
Saxony Germany (1)
-
Saxony-Thuringia (2)
-
Thuringia Germany (1)
-
-
North Sudetic Basin (1)
-
Poland
-
Dolnoslaskie Poland (1)
-
Lower Silesia (1)
-
Malopolskie Poland (1)
-
Polish Carpathians (2)
-
Swiety Krzyz Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Sudeten Mountains
-
Czech Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
-
Pyrenees
-
French Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Crete (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Central Iberian Zone (3)
-
Iberian Massif (5)
-
Iberian pyrite belt (1)
-
Ossa-Morena Zone (8)
-
Portugal
-
Evora Portugal (1)
-
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Huelva Spain
-
Aracena Spain (1)
-
-
-
Basque Provinces Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Mountains (1)
-
Castile Spain
-
New Castile Spain (1)
-
-
Castilla y Leon Spain (1)
-
Castilla-La Mancha Spain
-
Ciudad Real Spain
-
Almaden Spain (1)
-
-
-
Galicia Spain (1)
-
-
Spanish Central System (1)
-
-
Moesian Platform (1)
-
-
Timan Ridge (1)
-
Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone (1)
-
Variscides (5)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Armorican Massif (15)
-
Brittany (8)
-
Calvados France (1)
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (1)
-
-
Cotes-d'Armor France (7)
-
French Pyrenees (1)
-
Ille-et-Vilaine France (3)
-
Manche France
-
Cotentin Peninsula (1)
-
-
Monts du Lyonnais (1)
-
Morbihan France (1)
-
Normandy (2)
-
-
Ireland (1)
-
United Kingdom
-
English Channel Islands
-
Guernsey (5)
-
Jersey (3)
-
-
Great Britain
-
England (1)
-
Scotland
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands (1)
-
-
-
Wales
-
Anglesey Wales (2)
-
Welsh Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (9)
-
folds (5)
-
foliation (2)
-
geochemistry (14)
-
geochronology (5)
-
glacial geology (1)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
quartz diorites (4)
-
tonalite (1)
-
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
tholeiite (2)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions (1)
-
intrusions (19)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (3)
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
lineation (1)
-
magmas (6)
-
mantle (9)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (4)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
niobium (1)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (6)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (3)
-
garnetite (1)
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (4)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
granulites (2)
-
hornfels (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metabasite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metagranite (3)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metaconglomerate (1)
-
metagraywacke (2)
-
metapelite (1)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
migmatites
-
anatexite (1)
-
-
mylonites (1)
-
schists (3)
-
-
metamorphism (20)
-
metasomatism (1)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
minerals (1)
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Cadomian Orogeny
Late Ediacaran juvenile magmatism in the Variscan Monts-du-Lyonnais metamorphic complex (Massif Central, France) Open Access
Detrital zircon tales between the Rodinia and Pangaea supercontinents; exploring connections between Avalonia, Cadomia and Central Asia Available to Purchase
Detrital-zircon U-Pb and (U-Th)/He double-dating provenance signatures in the Jaca foreland basin: interplay of direct vs. recycled sources during Pyrenean orogenic growth Available to Purchase
Zircon and apatite U-Pb geochronology of the Paleoproterozoic (Eburnean) basement and late Neoproterozoic (Pan-African) metamorphism and magmatism from Port-Béni, Armorican Massif (France) Open Access
The Cambrian Atlas – Ossa–Morena – North Armorican Rift, West Gondwana: along- and off-axis stratigraphic and volcano-tectonic patterns Available to Purchase
Abstract The Cambrian Atlas – Ossa–Morena – North Armorican Rift extended along West Gondwana from the end of the Pan-African and Cadomian orogenies until the diachronous beginning of drift conditions related to the opening of the Rheic Ocean. The along-axis rift cross-cut the western parts of the Anti-Atlas, High Atlas and Coastal Meseta, which were linked to the Ossa–Morena Zone and the North Armorican Domain, whereas several joint tectonic branches connected with off-axis rift transects of the Central Iberian, West Asturian–Leonese and Cantabrian zones (Iberian Massif), the Central and South Armorican domains, the Occitan Domain, the Pyrenees, and southern Sardinia. The pre-rift unconformity, post-dating the orogenic collapse, is characterized by initial (half-)graben development and subsequent infill, with slope-related breccias and conglomerates controlled by the denudation of surrounding uplands. Synrift pulses show regional extension and are distinctly identifiable on the top of rift shoulders, recording episodes of carbonate production due to their association with karst and hydrothermal processes. The break-up unconformity ranges from volcanic-free angular discordances and paraconformities to generalized uplift and denudation of subaerially exposed areas, associated with the onset of granite-dominant large igneous provinces (LIPs). The Furongian–Tremadocian (Toledanian) and Ordovician (Sardic) phases have been interpreted as due to: (i) Andean-type subduction magmatism reaching the crust in an arc–back-arc setting; (ii) post-collisional decompression melting without significant mantle involvement; and (iii) partial melting of the lower continental crust affected by the underplating of hot mafic magmas linked to superplumes.
Cadomia origins: paired Ediacaran ophiolites from the Iberian Massif, the opening and closure record of peri-Gondwanan basins Available to Purchase
Abstract The recent discovery of Ediacaran ophiolites in the SW Iberian Massif has made it possible to pinpoint the evolution of the Cadomian basement of Europe. The Calzadilla and Mérida ophiolites (gabbroic protoliths dated at c. 600 and 594 Ma, respectively) have geochemical characteristics typical of supra-subduction zone ophiolites. They are interpreted as originating during the initial opening of a forearc basin with boninitic magmatism (Calzadilla), followed by the formation of a back-arc basin with arc-tholeiites (Mérida). Widening of the back-arc led to the rifting and drifting of a section of the active continental margin (Cadomia). Closure of these oceanic domains initiated rapid contraction, culminating in the collision of Cadomia with Gondwana ( c. 590–540 Ma). The application of a PANALESIS model to this palaeogeographic setting confirms the plausibility of Cadomian rifting and the likely opening of broad oceanic domains. It also confirms the final collision of Cadomia with Gondwana, although the synthetic and regional data disagree in the precise chronology of the convergence and collision of Cadomia with the West Africa Craton. This work shows that the evolution of the Cadomian basement is much more complex than traditionally considered.
Lower Cambrian magmatism in the SW Iberian sector of the African–Gondwana margin: geochemical and isotopic keys to incipient tectonic switching Available to Purchase
Abstract Aspects of the evolution of the Pan-African–Cadomian arc have been recognized in several European massifs. The Ossa–Morena Complex (SW Iberian Massif) is one of the best-preserved sections of this palaeo-Gondwana margin. In this domain, recent studies suggest that arc magmatism followed a cyclical pattern during the Upper Ediacaran and Lower Cambrian. However, its initial and more mature stages remain unclear. Upper Ediacaran magmatism ( c. 602 Ma) appears to be uninterrupted and driven by slab–mantle wedge–upper plate interactions. The early Paleozoic was a period of significant change along the Gondwana margin. In the Ossa–Morena Complex, the beginning of the Cambrian ( c. 541 Ma) is marked by a strong unconformity over the Ediacaran basement, which is linked to destabilization of the arc. However, subduction-related magmatism continued with increasing mantle input, driving the geochemistry to more alkaline compositions. This paper summarizes the geochemical and isotopic evolution of the peri-Gondwana arc preserved in SW Iberia during this period. These results highlight shifts in geochemistry related to a higher slab angle during each magmatic episode, suggesting a tectonic switch toward an extensional regime in this section of the Gondwana margin.
Insight into Oligocene–Early Miocene palaeogeography of the Carpathians in Poland: first cycle and recycled detrital zircon provenance in the Menilite and Krosno formations Available to Purchase
Provenance of the early Palaeozoic volcano-sedimentary successions from eastern part of the Central Sudetes: implications for the tectonic evolution of the NE Bohemian Massif Available to Purchase
Paleozoic orogenies and relative plate motions at the sutures of the Iapetus-Rheic Ocean Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Early Ordovician to late Permian orogenies at different plate-boundary zones of western Pangea affected continental crust derived from the plates of North America (Laurentia), Europe (East European Craton including Baltica plus Arctida), and Gondwana. The diachronic orogenic processes comprised stages of intraoceanic subduction, formation and accretion of island arcs, and collision of several continents. Using established plate-tectonic models proposed for different regions and time spans, we provide for the first time a generic model that explains the tectonics of the entire Gondwana-Laurussia plate-boundary zone in a consistent way. We combined the plate kinematic model of the Pannotia-Pangea supercontinent cycle with geologic constraints from the different Paleozoic orogens. In terms of oceanic lithosphere, the Iapetus Ocean is subdivided into an older segment (I) and a younger (II) segment. Early Cambrian subduction of the Iapetus I and the Tornquist oceans at active plate boundaries of the East European Craton triggered the breakup of Pannotia, formation of Iapetus II, and the separation of Gondwana from Laurentia. Prolonged subduction of Iapetus I (ca. 530 –430 Ma) culminated in the Scandian collision of the Greenland-Scandinavian Caledonides of Laurussia. Due to plate-tectonic reorganization at ca. 500 Ma, seafloor spreading of Iapetus II ceased, and the Rheic Ocean opened. This complex opening scenario included the transformation of passive continental margins into active ones and culminated in the Ordovician Taconic and Famatinian accretionary orogenies at the peri-Laurentian margin and at the South American edge of Gondwana, respectively. Rifting along the Avalonian-Cadomian belt of peri-Gondwana resulted in the separation of West Avalonian arc terranes and the East Avalonian continent. The vast African/Arabian shelf was affected by intracontinental extension and remained on the passive peri-Gondwana margin of the Rheic Ocean. The final assembly of western Pangea was characterized by the prolonged and diachronous closure of the Rheic Ocean (ca. 400–270 Ma). Continental collision started within the Variscan-Acadian segment of the Gondwana-Laurussia plate-boundary zone. Subsequent zipper-style suturing affected the Gondwanan Mauritanides and the conjugate Laurentian margin from north to south. In the Appalachians, previously accreted island-arc terranes were affected by Alleghanian thrusting. The fold-and-thrust belts of southern Laurentia, i.e., the Ouachita-Marathon-Sonora orogenic system, evolved from the transformation of a vast continental shelf area into a collision zone. From a geodynamic point of view, an intrinsic feature of the model is that initial breakup of Pannotia, as well as the assembly of western Pangea, was facilitated by subduction and seafloor spreading at the leading and the trailing edges of the North American plate and Gondwana, respectively. Slab pull as the plate-driving force is sufficient to explain the entire Pannotia–western Pangea supercontinent cycle for the proposed scenario.