- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Congo Basin (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Himalayas
-
Lesser Himalayas (1)
-
Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Jammu and Kashmir (1)
-
-
Middle East
-
Cyprus
-
Troodos Massif (1)
-
-
Turkey (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Mississippi Canyon (1)
-
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (2)
-
-
-
South Atlantic (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand
-
Taranaki New Zealand (1)
-
-
-
Cache Creek (1)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
British Columbia (4)
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
Northwest Territories (2)
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Trinidad and Tobago
-
Trinidad (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Europe
-
Carpathians (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Poland (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Granada Spain
-
Guadix-Baza Basin (1)
-
-
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (1)
-
-
-
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
-
North American Craton (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
-
North Island (1)
-
North West Shelf (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
North Pacific
-
Bering Sea (1)
-
-
-
Permian Basin (2)
-
Sacramento Valley (1)
-
South America
-
Argentina
-
Neuquen Basin (2)
-
-
-
South Island (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska (1)
-
Arkansas (1)
-
California
-
Colusa County California (1)
-
Humboldt County California (1)
-
Northern California (1)
-
Ventura Basin (1)
-
-
Delaware Basin (1)
-
Idaho
-
Blaine County Idaho (1)
-
-
Oklahoma (1)
-
Ouachita Mountains (1)
-
Palo Duro Basin (1)
-
Texas
-
Crockett County Texas (1)
-
Fort Worth Basin (1)
-
Llano Uplift (1)
-
Midland Basin (1)
-
Val Verde Basin (2)
-
West Texas (1)
-
-
-
-
commodities
-
oil and gas fields (3)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (3)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
metals
-
iron (1)
-
-
oxygen (1)
-
-
fossils
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia (1)
-
-
-
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
-
thallophytes (1)
-
tracks (1)
-
trails (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene
-
Mount Messenger Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Pico Formation (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Volgian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Smithian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Doig Formation (1)
-
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Mississippian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian (2)
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Upper Permian (2)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Wood River Formation (1)
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
slates (1)
-
-
turbidite (19)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
dolomite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
illite (1)
-
-
-
sulfides
-
marcasite (1)
-
pyrite (2)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
Africa
-
Congo Basin (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Himalayas
-
Lesser Himalayas (1)
-
Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Jammu and Kashmir (1)
-
-
Middle East
-
Cyprus
-
Troodos Massif (1)
-
-
Turkey (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Mississippi Canyon (1)
-
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (2)
-
-
-
South Atlantic (1)
-
-
atmosphere (1)
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand
-
Taranaki New Zealand (1)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
British Columbia (4)
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
Northwest Territories (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Trinidad and Tobago
-
Trinidad (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
upper Miocene
-
Mount Messenger Formation (1)
-
-
-
Pliocene
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Pico Formation (1)
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia (1)
-
-
-
-
continental shelf (1)
-
continental slope (1)
-
diagenesis (2)
-
Europe
-
Carpathians (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Poland (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Granada Spain
-
Guadix-Baza Basin (1)
-
-
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines (1)
-
-
-
-
folds (1)
-
geophysical methods (2)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Great Valley Sequence (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Volgian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Smithian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Doig Formation (1)
-
-
Montney Formation (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
iron (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
slates (1)
-
-
North America
-
Canadian Shield
-
Slave Province (1)
-
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
-
North American Craton (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
-
oceanography (1)
-
oil and gas fields (3)
-
oxygen (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
North Pacific
-
Bering Sea (1)
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (2)
-
paleogeography (1)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Burgess Shale (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Mississippian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian (2)
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Wolfcampian (1)
-
-
Upper Permian (2)
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Wood River Formation (1)
-
-
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (3)
-
-
petrology (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary petrology (5)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (1)
-
grainstone (1)
-
packstone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (2)
-
conglomerate (5)
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (5)
-
red beds (1)
-
sandstone (13)
-
shale (3)
-
siltstone (3)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
dune structures (1)
-
flute casts (2)
-
groove casts (1)
-
ripple marks (4)
-
scour marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (2)
-
-
graded bedding (5)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (4)
-
cross-bedding (2)
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
hummocky cross-stratification (2)
-
laminations (12)
-
massive bedding (1)
-
rhythmic bedding (1)
-
ripple drift-cross laminations (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
turbidity current structures
-
Bouma sequence (30)
-
-
-
sedimentation (7)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
mud (2)
-
pebbles (1)
-
sand (4)
-
-
-
South America
-
Argentina
-
Neuquen Basin (2)
-
-
-
tectonics (1)
-
thallophytes (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska (1)
-
Arkansas (1)
-
California
-
Colusa County California (1)
-
Humboldt County California (1)
-
Northern California (1)
-
Ventura Basin (1)
-
-
Delaware Basin (1)
-
Idaho
-
Blaine County Idaho (1)
-
-
Oklahoma (1)
-
Ouachita Mountains (1)
-
Palo Duro Basin (1)
-
Texas
-
Crockett County Texas (1)
-
Fort Worth Basin (1)
-
Llano Uplift (1)
-
Midland Basin (1)
-
Val Verde Basin (2)
-
West Texas (1)
-
-
-
-
rock formations
-
Beaufort Group (1)
-
Cache Creek Group (1)
-
Karoo Supergroup (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
flysch (2)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (1)
-
grainstone (1)
-
packstone (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
black shale (2)
-
conglomerate (5)
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (5)
-
red beds (1)
-
sandstone (13)
-
shale (3)
-
siltstone (3)
-
-
-
tempestite (1)
-
turbidite (19)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
burrows (1)
-
channels (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
dune structures (1)
-
flute casts (2)
-
groove casts (1)
-
ripple marks (4)
-
scour marks (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (2)
-
lebensspuren (2)
-
-
graded bedding (5)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (4)
-
cross-bedding (2)
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
hummocky cross-stratification (2)
-
laminations (12)
-
massive bedding (1)
-
rhythmic bedding (1)
-
ripple drift-cross laminations (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
turbidity current structures
-
Bouma sequence (30)
-
-
-
stratification (1)
-
tracks (1)
-
trails (1)
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
mud (2)
-
pebbles (1)
-
sand (4)
-
-
-
tempestite (1)
-
turbidite (19)
-
Bouma sequence
T B or not T B : banding in turbidite sandstones
Efficient preservation of young terrestrial organic carbon in sandy turbidity-current deposits
The magnetic fabric of the Wolfcamp shale, Midland Basin, west Texas: Understanding petrofabric variability, hydrocarbon associations, and iron enrichment
Palaeogeographic setting, lithostratigraphy, and sedimentary framework of the Lower Triassic Montney Formation of western Alberta and northeastern British Columbia
Lithofabric Classification and Distribution of Coarse-Grained Deep-water Clastic Depositional Systems
ABSTRACT Facies models for deep-water resedimented conglomerates have not changed a great deal since the 1970s and 1980s, but modern reservoir modeling for hydrocarbon fields requires a modified approach to facies classification. The Brae trend of the South Viking Graben, North Sea, comprises a whole suite of turbidite architectural styles, built from a wide range of bed types, which are interpreted to extend over the entire range of deep-water sedimentary process and product. Many questions can be answered about facies and facies models using what we know about the Brae fields, outcrop analogs, and modern sea-floor studies. What types of bodies are constructed on the slope, intraslope, and basin floor, where conglomeratic lithofacies are common? What are the basic rock fabrics and how should these be interpreted and upscaled into meaningful reservoir flow units? What can be correlated and at what scale? Are there basin margin-wide events that mark phases of particular sedimentary events, and what roles do sea-level change and tectonics have on these pulses of sedimentation? This chapter has one central aim, to propose a comprehensive, practical rock fabric (here called “lithofabric”) model for the entire range of deep-water clastic rock fabrics. This work draws on several kilometers (several thousand feet) of detailed core descriptions from Thelma and Tiffany (CNR International operated fields), and the Inverewe prospect in the North Sea, in conjunction with outcrop and sea-floor examples from Turkey, California, Wales, and circum-Mediterranean Sea areas. Particular focus is given to conglomerates and pebbly sandstones, to capture lithofabric variations. The scheme focuses on fabric instead of on the interpretation of every event that led to every bed or bedset. This approach is particularly critical in amalgamated bedsets where the interpretation of bed boundaries is often subjective. The approach allows workers to focus on and capture vertical changes in rock fabric in core or in the field, without the need to define every bed boundary or distinguish bed boundaries from “intraevent” fabric changes. The aim is to move away from the “event bed” approach to describing deep-water facies, which involves interpretation during the description stage, particularly for coarser lithologies and structureless sandstones. This chapter starts with a review of current facies models and process-interpretation schemes for rock fabric, outlining their strengths and weaknesses. The new approach for describing lithofabric is then presented. Models are offered for the variety of lithofabrics produced by higher energy, coarser grained turbidity currents and debris flows. The various parent flows that can produce structureless sandstones are shown diagrammatically, to illustrate how similar fabrics can be produced by different processes. A series of models are shown, comparing existing proximal to distal facies-distribution models with the new scheme, highlighting differences and consolidating commonalities.