- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
-
Appalachians (2)
-
-
United States
-
Arkansas (1)
-
Illinois
-
Hancock County Illinois (1)
-
-
Illinois Basin (2)
-
Indiana
-
Monroe County Indiana (5)
-
Montgomery County Indiana (1)
-
Morgan County Indiana (1)
-
-
Iowa
-
Lee County Iowa (1)
-
Van Buren County Iowa (1)
-
-
Kentucky
-
Bath County Kentucky (2)
-
Bullitt County Kentucky (1)
-
Carter County Kentucky (4)
-
Elliott County Kentucky (3)
-
Estill County Kentucky (2)
-
Greenup County Kentucky (1)
-
Hardin County Kentucky (3)
-
Jefferson County Kentucky
-
Louisville Kentucky (1)
-
-
Lewis County Kentucky (2)
-
Lincoln County Kentucky (1)
-
Menifee County Kentucky (5)
-
Morgan County Kentucky (2)
-
Powell County Kentucky (3)
-
Rowan County Kentucky (6)
-
Wolfe County Kentucky (2)
-
-
Midwest (3)
-
Missouri
-
Clark County Missouri (1)
-
-
Ohio (1)
-
Reelfoot Rift (1)
-
Southern U.S. (1)
-
Tennessee (1)
-
West Virginia (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
burrows (1)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Bryozoa (3)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
Scyphozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (11)
-
-
Echinozoa
-
Edrioasteroidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Goniatitida (2)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Demospongea (1)
-
-
Vermes (1)
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (3)
-
-
problematic fossils (2)
-
-
geologic age
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Borden Group (26)
-
Harrodsburg Limestone (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Fort Payne Formation (2)
-
Kinderhookian (1)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (2)
-
Keokuk Limestone (3)
-
-
-
Middle Mississippian (1)
-
Newman Limestone (2)
-
Ramp Creek Formation (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Meramecian
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
-
Salem Limestone (3)
-
Warsaw Formation (2)
-
-
Pennington Formation (2)
-
-
Valmeyeran (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Lee Formation (2)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Breathitt Formation (2)
-
Kanawha Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
biogeography (1)
-
diagenesis (1)
-
faults (2)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Bryozoa (3)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
Hydrozoa (1)
-
Scyphozoa (1)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (11)
-
-
Echinozoa
-
Edrioasteroidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Goniatitida (2)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Demospongea (1)
-
-
Vermes (1)
-
-
maps (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
-
Appalachians (2)
-
-
paleoclimatology (2)
-
paleoecology (6)
-
paleogeography (2)
-
paleontology (9)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Borden Group (26)
-
Harrodsburg Limestone (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Fort Payne Formation (2)
-
Kinderhookian (1)
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (2)
-
Keokuk Limestone (3)
-
-
-
Middle Mississippian (1)
-
Newman Limestone (2)
-
Ramp Creek Formation (1)
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Meramecian
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (1)
-
Salem Limestone (3)
-
Warsaw Formation (2)
-
-
Pennington Formation (2)
-
-
Valmeyeran (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Lee Formation (2)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Breathitt Formation (2)
-
Kanawha Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
-
petrology (1)
-
problematic fossils (2)
-
sea-level changes (2)
-
sedimentary petrology (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (2)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
sandstone (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
stromatolites (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (3)
-
soils (1)
-
stratigraphy (4)
-
structural geology (2)
-
tectonics (3)
-
United States
-
Arkansas (1)
-
Illinois
-
Hancock County Illinois (1)
-
-
Illinois Basin (2)
-
Indiana
-
Monroe County Indiana (5)
-
Montgomery County Indiana (1)
-
Morgan County Indiana (1)
-
-
Iowa
-
Lee County Iowa (1)
-
Van Buren County Iowa (1)
-
-
Kentucky
-
Bath County Kentucky (2)
-
Bullitt County Kentucky (1)
-
Carter County Kentucky (4)
-
Elliott County Kentucky (3)
-
Estill County Kentucky (2)
-
Greenup County Kentucky (1)
-
Hardin County Kentucky (3)
-
Jefferson County Kentucky
-
Louisville Kentucky (1)
-
-
Lewis County Kentucky (2)
-
Lincoln County Kentucky (1)
-
Menifee County Kentucky (5)
-
Morgan County Kentucky (2)
-
Powell County Kentucky (3)
-
Rowan County Kentucky (6)
-
Wolfe County Kentucky (2)
-
-
Midwest (3)
-
Missouri
-
Clark County Missouri (1)
-
-
Ohio (1)
-
Reelfoot Rift (1)
-
Southern U.S. (1)
-
Tennessee (1)
-
West Virginia (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
calcrete (1)
-
caliche (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (2)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
sandstone (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
tempestite (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
burrows (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
stromatolites (1)
-
-
-
stratification (1)
-
-
sediments
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
tempestite (1)
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (1)
-
soils (1)
-
Borden Group
ABSTRACT The Salem Limestone (Valmeyeran, Mississippian) is a preeminent dimensional limestone quarried in a two-county area of south-central Indiana for nearly 200 years. Advances in quarry technology in the past 30 years produce nearly smooth-sawn quarry walls that show the exquisite depositional details of the Salem carbonate shoal. The Salem shoal is part of a large-scale shoaling sequence that produced a carbonate platform during the middle Mississippian that began at the end of Borden Group (Mississippian) delta deposition and culminated with the deposition of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone (Mississippian). The Salem was deposited as a high-energy, but subtidal shoal above fair-weather wave base. Four environments are recognizable within the shoal: active shoal, open lagoon, intrashoal channel, and intershoal channel. A shoal crest environment may also be present as a fifth environment. A hierarchy of bounding surfaces can be defined using the sawed quarry exposures. First-order surfaces are foreset laminae and appear as inclined or horizontal stratification. Second-order surfaces are the contacts between similar bedforms, and third-order surfaces truncate first- and second-order surfaces, representing breaks in sedimentation. Combined they define mesoforms within the shoal complex. Fourth-order surfaces, similar to third-order surfaces, represent a change from a shoal to lagoonal setting. Evidence of hard-ground development occurs along third-order surfaces, associated with encrusting bryozoan holdfasts, corals, and columnar subtidal stromatolites. Tracing surfaces on the quarry walls is vital to reconstructing the internal architecture of the shoal and the processes that operated within it. We will examine this shoal architecture by visiting quarries and an outcrop, and we will visit a mill where quarried stone blocks are fabricated into panels and shapes for buildings.
Cladistic Assignment of Specimens to Species of the Cystoporate Bryozoan Genera Strotopora Ulrich and Cliotrypa Ulrich and Bassler Using Gap-Coded Characters
Ontogeny of Hypselocrinus hoveyi , Mississippian Cladid Crinoid from Indiana
GILMOCRINUS KENTUCKYENSIS N. SP. FROM THE LATE OSAGEAN (MISSISSIPPIAN) MULDRAUGH MEMBER OF THE BORDEN FORMATION IN KENTUCKY: A EUROPEAN IMMIGRANT ORIGINALLY DERIVED FROM NORTH AMERICA?
MISSISSIPPIAN (EARLY OSAGEAN) CAVE RUN LAKE AMMONOID FAUNA, BORDEN FORMATION, NORTHEASTERN KENTUCKY
CRINOIDS FROM THE NADA MEMBER OF THE BORDEN FORMATION (LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN) IN EASTERN KENTUCKY
MISSISSIPPIAN (LATE OSAGEAN) AMMONOIDS FROM THE NEW PROVIDENCE SHALE MEMBER OF THE BORDEN FORMATION, NORTH-CENTRAL KENTUCKY
MISSISSIPPIAN (MIDDLE OSAGEAN) AMMONOIDS FROM THE NADA MEMBER OF THE BORDEN FORMATION, KENTUCKY
Sequence Development of A Mixed Carbonate-siliciclastic High-Relief Ramp, Mississippian, Kentucky, U.S.A.
PALEOECOLOGY AND TAPHONOMY OF TWO NEW EDRIOASTEROIDS FROM A MISSISSIPPIAN HARDGROUND IN KENTUCKY
CRINOIDS FROM THE MULDRAUGH MEMBER OF THE BORDEN FORMATION IN NORTH-CENTRAL KENTUCKY (ECHINODERMATA, LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN)
Primitive cladid crinoids from upper Osagean-lower Meramecian (Mississippian) rocks of east-central United States
Subaerial exposure surfaces in the Middle and Upper Mississippian Slade Formation of northeastern Kentucky are largely composed of cutanic concentrations of micritic calcite within the former Ccam horizons of caliche soils. The association of this material with soil horizons and structures, as well as with abundant root traces, strongly indicates a pedogenic origin. In fact, the contribution of plants and small soil organisms was far greater than has been previously recognized. The caliches occur as “interformational” profiles on disconformities separating lower Slade members and as “intraformational” profiles within three lower Slade units. Paleoexposure was related to position on a structurally active margin of the Appalachian Basin and to episodes of regional and local regression. The caliches resulted from soil and ground-water conditions in a semi-arid climate characterized by seasonal rain and drought and an overall net moisture deficit. Growth of roots, desiccation, and displacive crystallization broke up parent limestones, allowing access of vadose waters and creating framework (skeleton) grains that were easily transformed into a mobile plasma fraction by solution. Solution of carbonate grains and eluviation of carbonate-bearing solutions primarily occurred during the moist rainy season, whereas illuviation rapidly followed the onset of drought. The calcium carbonate was deposited largely as internal, laminar plasma concentrations called cutans, which have been incorrectly referred to as “crusts” in previous work on the Slade. Accumulation of these cutanic laminae formed indurated laminar calcrete deposits near the bases of the caliche profiles. These calcretes may be of physicochemical or rhizocretionary origin, depending on conditions of exposure. More diffuse, irregular calcretes apparently developed along avenues of porosity and were formed by plasma separation, the in situ micritization of other limestone textures. Although climate in the Meramecian and earliest Chesterian epochs was the major factor responsible for caliche formation, the length of exposure and the type of carbonate lithology controlled the nature and thickness of caliche profiles. “Intraformational” profiles are always thin and immature, representing short-lived exposure on porous lithologies like calcarenite. Conversely, “interformational” profiles are always mature or composite and represent longer periods of exposure on more impermeable lithologies such as calcilutite. Impermeable lithologies were important, because they prevented migration of soil waters and plasma below the soil profile. By late Early Chesterian time, the climate had become more humid, and the latest formed caliches were partially destroyed by solution, creating a leached, clayey residual soil on top of earlier caliche soils. On structurally elevated areas, where exposure was long and drainage was good, this period of humid pedogenesis resulted in composite terra rossa paleosols produced from the humid weathering of older caliche profiles.