Thesaurus Terms | GeoScienceWorld

Skip to Main Content

Close

Journals
Books
GeoRef
Publishers
OpenGeoSci
- About OpenGeoSci
- Explore OpenGeoSci
Citation Manager
Help

header search

search input Search input auto suggest

filter your search

Search

Advanced Search

Menu

Skip Nav Destination

biota

View GeoRef Thesaurus >

Update search

Querybuilder input 1 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 2 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 3 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 4 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 5 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

Querybuilder input 6 Querybuilder input

Filter

Abstract
Affiliation
All
Authors
Book Series
DOI
EISBN
EISSN
Full Text
GeoRef ID
ISBN
ISSN
Issue
Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
Meeting Information
Report #
Title
Volume

NARROW

Format

Facet list

Journal Article (186)
Book Chapter (28)
Book (3)

Article Type

Facet list

Research Article (141)
Other (38)
Review Article (4)
Editorial (1)
Introduction (1)
Rapid Communication (1)

Journal

Facet list

Vadose Zone Journal (32)
Geology (24)
Journal of the Geological Society (12)
Geological Magazine (10)
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (8)
Environmental Geosciences (8)
Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis (8)
The Leading Edge (8)
Russian Geology and Geophysics (7)
Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology (6)
Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (6)
Journal of Paleontology (6)
Journal of Sedimentary Research (5)
PALAIOS (5)
Mineralogical Magazine (4)
Economic Geology (3)
Elements (3)
GSA Bulletin (3)
Geochemical Perspectives (3)
Journal of Foraminiferal Research (3)
Paleobiology (3)
Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (3)
AAPG Bulletin (2)
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (2)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2)
Micropaleontology (2)
Clay Minerals (1)
Clays and Clay Minerals (1)
European Journal of Mineralogy (1)
Interpretation (1)

Publisher

Facet list

Geological Society of America (46)
Geological Society of London (32)
Soil Science Society of America (32)
SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology (11)
American Association of Petroleum Geologists (10)
Cambridge University Press (10)
Paleontological Society (9)
Society of Exploration Geophysicists (9)
Canadian Science Publishing (8)
Novosibirsk State University (7)

Section

Facet list

Article (6)
Original Article (3)
SPECIAL (1)
TECHNICAL PAPERS (1)

GeoRef Subject

all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
- Africa
  - East Africa
    - Kenya (1)
    - Sudan (1)
  - East African Lakes
    - Lake Tanganyika (1)
  - North Africa
    - Atlas Mountains
      - Moroccan Atlas Mountains
        
        Anti-Atlas (1)
    - Egypt
      - Aswan Dam (1)
      - Nile Delta (1)
    - Morocco
      - Moroccan Atlas Mountains
        
        Anti-Atlas (1)
    - Tunisia (1)
  - Southern Africa
    - Kaapvaal Craton (1)
    - South Africa (1)
- Antarctica
  - Antarctic ice sheet (1)
  - Victoria Land
    - McMurdo dry valleys
      - Lake Fryxell (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic region
  - Greenland
    - Greenland ice sheet (1)
    - West Greenland (1)
  - Svalbard
    - Spitsbergen
      - Spitsbergen Island
        
        Hornsund (1)
- Asia
  - Chukotka Russian Federation
    - Chukchi Peninsula (1)
  - Far East
    - China
      - Anhui China (1)
      - Guangxi China
        
        Guilin (1)
      - Guizhou China (2)
      - Hubei China
        
        Yichang China (1)
      - Inner Mongolia China (1)
      - Meishan China (1)
      - Sichuan Basin (1)
      - Yangtze Three Gorges (2)
      - Yunnan China (1)
      - Zhejiang China
        
        Changxing China (1)
    - Japan
      - Honshu
        
        Toyama Japan (1)
      - Ryukyu Islands (1)
    - Philippine Islands
      - Palawan (1)
  - Himalayas
    - Lesser Himalayas (1)
  - Indian Peninsula
    - India
      - Andhra Pradesh India
        
        Rajahmundry India (1)
      - Madhya Pradesh India
        
        Chhindwara India (1)
      - Northeastern India
        
        Meghalaya India (1)
    - Jammu and Kashmir
      - Jammu (1)
  - Kamchatka Russian Federation
    - Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
  - Lake Baikal (1)
  - Middle East
    - Cyprus (1)
    - Iran
      - Elburz (1)
    - Israel (1)
    - Turkey (1)
  - Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
  - Okhotsk region (1)
  - Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
  - Russian Far East (1)
  - Sayan (1)
  - Siberia (1)
  - Siberian Platform (2)
  - Tuva Russian Federation (1)
  - West Siberia (1)
  - Yakutia Russian Federation
    - Verkhoyansk Range (1)
- Atlantic Ocean
  - East Atlantic (1)
  - Equatorial Atlantic (1)
  - North Atlantic
    - Caribbean Sea
      - Venezuelan Basin (1)
    - Gulf of Mexico
      - Garden Banks (1)
    - Irish Sea (1)
    - Northwest Atlantic
      - Demerara Rise (1)
  - South Atlantic
    - Walvis Ridge (2)
  - West Atlantic (1)
- Atlantic Ocean Islands
  - Canary Islands
    - Hierro (1)
  - Faeroe Islands (1)
  - Madeira (1)
- Australasia
  - Australia
    - Darling Basin (1)
    - New South Wales Australia (2)
    - Queensland Australia (1)
    - South Australia
      - Lake Eyre (1)
    - Victoria Australia (1)
    - Western Australia (1)
  - New Zealand
    - Lake Taupo (1)
    - Otago New Zealand (1)
    - Taupo volcanic zone (1)
    - Waiotapu New Zealand (1)
- Canada
  - Arctic Archipelago (1)
  - Eastern Canada
    - Maritime Provinces
      - Nova Scotia (1)
    - Newfoundland and Labrador
      - Newfoundland (1)
    - Ontario
      - Bruce County Ontario (1)
      - Essex County Ontario (1)
    - Quebec
      - Saguenay County Quebec (1)
  - Nunavut
    - Ellesmere Island (1)
  - Queen Elizabeth Islands
    - Ellesmere Island (1)
  - Western Canada
    - Alberta
      - Jasper National Park (1)
    - British Columbia
      - Queen Charlotte Islands (1)
      - Vancouver Island (1)
    - Canadian Rocky Mountains (3)
    - Manitoba
      - Churchill Manitoba (1)
    - Northwest Territories
      - Great Slave Lake (1)
- Caribbean region
  - West Indies
    - Antilles
      - Greater Antilles
        
        Puerto Rico (1)
      - Lesser Antilles
        
        Grenada (1)
        
        Saint Vincent (1)
- Cascade Range (2)
- Central America
  - Costa Rica (1)
- Chicxulub Crater (3)
- Colorado River (1)
- Commonwealth of Independent States
  - Russian Federation
    - Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
      - Onega Russian Federation (1)
    - Chukotka Russian Federation
      - Chukchi Peninsula (1)
    - Kamchatka Russian Federation
      - Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
    - Komi Russian Federation
      - Pechora Russian Federation (1)
    - Lake Baikal (1)
    - Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
    - Okhotsk region (1)
    - Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
    - Russian Far East (1)
    - Siberian Platform (2)
    - Tuva Russian Federation (1)
    - Yakutia Russian Federation
      - Verkhoyansk Range (1)
  - Ukraine
    - Boltyshka Depression (1)
  - Urals (1)
  - West Siberia (1)
- East Pacific Ocean Islands
  - Galapagos Islands (1)
- Europe
  - Alps
    - Eastern Alps
      - Carnic Alps (1)
    - Swiss Alps (1)
  - Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
    - Onega Russian Federation (1)
  - Carpathians
    - Beskid Mountains (1)
  - Central Europe
    - Austria
      - Carinthia Austria (1)
    - Beskid Mountains (1)
    - Czech Republic
      - Bohemia (1)
    - Germany
      - Bavaria Germany (1)
    - Poland
      - Cracow Poland (1)
      - Malopolskie Poland (1)
    - Switzerland
      - Swiss Alps (1)
      - Valais Switzerland
        
        Haut Glacier d'Arolla (1)
      - Zurich Switzerland (2)
  - Jutland (1)
  - Komi Russian Federation
    - Pechora Russian Federation (1)
  - Lusatia (1)
  - Southern Europe
    - Balkan Mountains (1)
    - Bulgaria (1)
    - Iberian Peninsula
      - Spain
        
        Asturias Spain (1)
        
        Basque Provinces Spain
        
        Alava Spain (1)
    - Italy
      - Friuli-Venezia Giulia Italy (1)
      - Marches Italy (1)
      - Sicily Italy (1)
      - Tuscany Italy (1)
      - Umbria Italy
        
        Perugia Italy
        
        Gubbio Italy (2)
      - Veneto Italy
        
        Venice Italy
        
        Venice Lagoon (1)
    - Malta (1)
  - Ukraine
    - Boltyshka Depression (1)
  - Western Europe
    - France
      - Saone-et-Loire France
        
        Autun France (1)
    - Iceland
      - Laki (1)
    - Ireland (1)
    - Netherlands (1)
    - Scandinavia
      - Denmark (1)
    - United Kingdom
      - Great Britain
        
        England
        
        Derbyshire England (1)
        
        Scotland
        
        Highland region Scotland (1)
        
        Wales
        
        Merionethshire Wales (1)
- Grand Canyon (1)
- Indian Ocean
  - Arabian Sea
    - Persian Gulf (1)
- Krishna-Godavari Basin (1)
- Lake Bonney (1)
- Mediterranean region (1)
- Mediterranean Sea (2)
- Mexico
  - Oaxaca Mexico (1)
  - Tamaulipas Mexico
    - Arroyo El Mimbral (1)
- Murray Basin (1)
- North America
  - Appalachians
    - Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
    - Great Appalachian Valley (1)
    - Valley and Ridge Province (1)
  - Basin and Range Province (1)
  - Great Lakes
    - Lake Ontario (1)
  - Great Plains (1)
  - Rocky Mountains
    - Canadian Rocky Mountains (3)
  - Saint Lawrence Valley (1)
  - Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
  - Western Interior
    - Western Interior Seaway (2)
  - Williston Basin (1)
- North Island (4)
- North Slope (1)
- Oceania
  - Melanesia
    - New Caledonia (1)
    - Vanuatu (1)
  - Polynesia
    - Tonga (1)
- Pacific Ocean
  - East Pacific
    - Cocos Ridge (1)
    - Galapagos Rift (1)
    - Northeast Pacific (3)
    - Southeast Pacific
      - Lau Basin (1)
  - North Pacific
    - Northeast Pacific (3)
    - Northwest Pacific
      - East China Sea (1)
      - Shatsky Rise (1)
  - South Pacific
    - Southeast Pacific
      - Lau Basin (1)
    - Southwest Pacific
      - Coral Sea
        
        Great Barrier Reef (1)
  - West Pacific
    - Northwest Pacific
      - East China Sea (1)
      - Shatsky Rise (1)
    - Southwest Pacific
      - Coral Sea
        
        Great Barrier Reef (1)
- polar regions (1)
- Prince of Wales Island (1)
- Raton Basin (1)
- Sacramento Mountains (1)
- Simpson Desert (1)
- South America
  - Amazon Basin (1)
  - Andes (1)
  - Argentina (1)
  - Bolivia (1)
  - Ecuador (1)
  - Venezuela
    - Anzoategui Venezuela (1)
    - Monagas Venezuela (1)
    - Sucre Venezuela
      - Gulf of Cariaco (1)
      - Paria Peninsula (1)
- South Island (2)
- Southern Alps (1)
- Southwest Indian Ridge (1)
- Taylor Valley (1)
- United States
  - Alaska
    - Colville River delta (1)
    - Prince William Sound (1)
  - Arizona (1)
  - Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
  - Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
  - California
    - Alameda County California (1)
    - Contra Costa County California (1)
    - Mendocino County California (1)
    - Monterey Bay (1)
    - Santa Barbara County California (1)
  - Colorado
    - Garfield County Colorado (1)
  - Eastern U.S.
    - Southeastern U.S. (1)
  - Florida
    - Florida Keys
      - Key Largo (1)
    - Monroe County Florida
      - Key Largo (1)
  - Kansas
    - Dickinson County Kansas (1)
    - Harvey County Kansas (1)
    - Marion County Kansas (1)
    - Sedgwick County Kansas (1)
  - Kentucky (1)
  - Louisiana (1)
  - Maryland
    - Anne Arundel County Maryland (1)
  - Michigan
    - Michigan Upper Peninsula
      - Keweenaw Peninsula (1)
  - Missouri
    - Lawrence County Missouri (1)
  - Montana
    - Garfield County Montana (1)
  - Nebraska (1)
  - Nevada
    - Clark County Nevada (1)
  - New Mexico
    - Chaves County New Mexico (1)
    - De Baca County New Mexico (1)
    - Eddy County New Mexico (1)
    - Guadalupe County New Mexico (1)
  - Ohio
    - Sandusky River basin (1)
    - Summit County Ohio (1)
  - Oregon
    - Lincoln County Oregon (1)
  - Ozark Mountains (1)
  - Pecos River (1)
  - Pecos River valley (1)
  - Shenandoah Valley (1)
  - South Carolina
    - Charleston County South Carolina (1)
    - Santee River (1)
  - Tennessee
    - Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1)
  - Texas
    - Bell County Texas (1)
    - Brazos River (1)
    - Fort Worth Basin (1)
    - Wise County Texas (1)
  - Utah (1)
  - Virgin River valley (1)
  - Virginia
    - Rockbridge County Virginia (1)
    - Shenandoah County Virginia (1)
  - Washington
    - Pierce County Washington
      - Mount Rainier (1)
    - Skamania County Washington
      - Mount Saint Helens (1)
    - Toutle River (1)
  - West Virginia (2)
  - Wyoming
    - Albany County Wyoming (1)
    - Hanna Basin (1)
    - Teapot Dome (1)
- West Pacific Ocean Islands
  - Loyalty Islands (1)
- Windward Islands (1)
- Yucatan Peninsula (1)
- Zealandia (1)
commodities
- aggregate (2)
- barite deposits (1)
- ceramic materials (1)
- coal deposits (2)
- metal ores
  - arsenic ores (1)
  - base metals (1)
  - iron ores (1)
  - lead ores (1)
  - mercury ores (1)
  - polymetallic ores (1)
  - silver ores (1)
  - zinc ores (1)
- mineral deposits, genesis (4)
- mineral exploration (2)
- mineral resources (2)
- oil and gas fields (1)
- petroleum
  - natural gas
    - shale gas (1)
- water resources (4)
elements, isotopes
- boron (1)
- carbon
  - C-13/C-12 (14)
  - C-14 (6)
  - organic carbon (11)
- chemical ratios (3)
- halogens
  - bromine
    - bromide ion (4)
- hydrogen
  - D/H (1)
- isotope ratios (19)
- isotopes
  - radioactive isotopes
    - Be-10 (1)
    - C-14 (6)
    - Pb-210 (1)
    - Re-187/Os-188 (1)
  - stable isotopes
    - C-13/C-12 (14)
    - D/H (1)
    - N-15/N-14 (3)
    - O-17/O-16 (1)
    - O-18 (1)
    - O-18/O-16 (8)
    - Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
    - Re-187/Os-188 (1)
    - S-34/S-32 (1)
    - Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
- metals
  - actinides
    - thorium (1)
    - uranium (1)
  - alkaline earth metals
    - beryllium
      - Be-10 (1)
    - calcium (2)
    - magnesium (1)
    - strontium
      - Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
  - aluminum (1)
  - arsenic (3)
  - iron
    - ferric iron (2)
  - lead
    - Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
    - Pb-210 (1)
  - manganese (2)
  - mercury (2)
  - platinum group
    - iridium (1)
    - osmium
      - Re-187/Os-188 (1)
  - rare earths
    - scandium (1)
  - rhenium
    - Re-187/Os-188 (1)
  - titanium (1)
  - vanadium (1)
  - zinc (1)
- nitrogen
  - N-15/N-14 (3)
- noble gases
  - argon (1)
  - helium (1)
  - neon (1)
- oxygen
  - dissolved oxygen (1)
  - O-17/O-16 (1)
  - O-18 (1)
  - O-18/O-16 (8)
- phosphorus (2)
- silicon (1)
- sulfur
  - S-34/S-32 (1)
fossils
- Archaea (1)
- bacteria
  - coliform bacteria
    - Escherichia
      - Escherichia coli (2)
- borings (1)
- burrows (7)
- Chordata
  - Vertebrata
    - Agnatha
      - Heterostraci (1)
    - Pisces (8)
    - Tetrapoda
      - Amphibia
        
        Lissamphibia (1)
      - Aves (2)
      - Mammalia
        
        Theria
        
        Eutheria
        
        Carnivora (1)
        
        Cetacea (1)
        
        Rodentia (1)
      - Reptilia (3)
- coprolites (1)
- cyanobacteria (4)
- eukaryotes (4)
- fungi (4)
- Graptolithina (1)
- ichnofossils
  - Nereites (1)
  - Planolites (1)
  - Rhizocorallium (1)
- Invertebrata
  - Arthropoda
    - Chelicerata
      - Merostomata
        
        Eurypterida (2)
        
        Xiphosura (1)
    - Mandibulata
      - Crustacea
        
        Branchiopoda (2)
        
        Ostracoda (5)
      - Insecta
        
        Pterygota
        
        Neoptera
        
        Endopterygota
        
        Coleoptera (1)
        
        Diptera
        
        Chironomidae (1)
        
        Trichoptera (1)
    - Trilobitomorpha
      - Trilobita (3)
  - Brachiopoda (5)
  - Bryozoa (3)
  - Cnidaria
    - Anthozoa (3)
  - Echinodermata
    - Crinozoa
      - Crinoidea (3)
  - Mollusca
    - Bivalvia (5)
    - Cephalopoda (2)
    - Gastropoda (2)
  - Porifera
    - Calcarea (1)
  - Protista
    - Foraminifera
      - Rotaliina
        
        Globigerinacea
        
        Globigerinidae
        
        Globigerinoides (1)
        
        Orbulina (1)
        
        Rotalipora (1)
        
        Rotaliacea
        
        Ammonia (1)
  - Vermes
    - Annelida (2)
    - scolecodonts (1)
- Metazoa (4)
- microfossils
  - Conodonta (7)
  - problematic microfossils (1)
  - scolecodonts (1)
- palynomorphs
  - acritarchs (4)
  - Dinoflagellata (1)
  - miospores
    - pollen (3)
- Plantae
  - algae
    - calcareous algae (2)
    - Chlorophyta
      - Chlorophyceae
        
        Dasycladaceae (1)
    - diatoms (4)
    - nannofossils
      - Sphenolithus (1)
    - Rhodophyta (2)
  - Bryophyta (2)
  - Pteridophyta
    - Filicopsida
      - Azolla (1)
    - Lycopsida (1)
  - Spermatophyta
    - Angiospermae
      - Dicotyledoneae
        
        Leguminosae (1)
        
        Nothofagus (1)
    - Gymnospermae
      - Bennettitales (2)
      - Coniferales
        
        Pinaceae
        
        Pinus (1)
      - Ginkgoales (1)
      - Pteridospermae (1)
- problematic fossils
  - problematic microfossils (1)
- prokaryotes (1)
- thallophytes (3)
- tracks (1)
- trails (1)
geochronology methods
- Ar/Ar (3)
- exposure age (1)
- K/Ar (1)
- paleomagnetism (3)
- Th/U (1)
- tree rings (1)
- U/Pb (3)
geologic age
- Cenozoic
  - Quaternary
    - Holocene
      - Atlantic (1)
      - lower Holocene (1)
      - upper Holocene (3)
    - Pleistocene
      - Key Largo Limestone (1)
      - middle Pleistocene (1)
      - upper Pleistocene
        
        Weichselian
        
        upper Weichselian (1)
        
        Wisconsinan
        
        upper Wisconsinan (1)
    - upper Quaternary (1)
  - Tertiary
    - Carapita Formation (1)
    - Neogene
      - Miocene
        
        lower Miocene (2)
        
        middle Miocene (1)
      - Pliocene (2)
    - Paleogene
      - Eocene
        
        lower Eocene
        
        Ypresian (1)
        
        middle Eocene
        
        Tyee Formation (1)
        
        Yamhill Formation (1)
      - Oligocene (1)
      - Paleocene
        
        lower Paleocene
        
        Danian (2)
        
        K-T boundary (5)
        
        Puercan (1)
        
        Tullock Member (1)
      - Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
  - upper Cenozoic (1)
- Mesozoic
  - Cretaceous
    - Lower Cretaceous
      - Albian (1)
    - Upper Cretaceous
      - Cenomanian (1)
      - Hell Creek Formation (1)
      - K-T boundary (5)
      - Maestrichtian (3)
      - Turonian (1)
  - Jurassic
    - Lower Jurassic
      - Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
    - Middle Jurassic
      - Callovian (1)
    - Oxford Clay (1)
    - Upper Jurassic
      - Oxfordian (2)
  - Triassic
    - Charlie Lake Formation (1)
    - Lower Triassic
      - Induan (1)
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
    - Middle Triassic
      - Anisian (1)
      - Doig Formation (1)
    - Montney Formation (1)
    - Upper Triassic
      - Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
- Paleozoic
  - Cambrian
    - Lower Cambrian (3)
    - Middle Cambrian
      - Burgess Shale (2)
    - Upper Cambrian (1)
  - Carboniferous
    - Mississippian
      - Barnett Shale (1)
      - Middle Mississippian (1)
      - Upper Mississippian (1)
    - Pennsylvanian
      - Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
    - Upper Carboniferous
      - Stephanian (1)
  - Devonian
    - Upper Devonian
      - Famennian
        
        lower Famennian (1)
      - Frasnian
        
        upper Frasnian (1)
      - Kellwasser event (1)
  - lower Paleozoic (1)
  - Ordovician
    - Lower Ordovician
      - Tremadocian (2)
    - Upper Ordovician
      - Cincinnatian
        
        Richmondian (1)
      - Sandbian (1)
  - Permian
    - Upper Permian
      - Changxing Formation (1)
      - Lopingian
        
        Changhsingian (1)
        
        Wuchiapingian (1)
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
    - Wellington Formation (1)
  - Silurian
    - Lower Silurian
      - Wenlock (1)
    - Upper Silurian
      - Ludlow (1)
      - Pridoli (1)
- Phanerozoic (9)
- Precambrian
  - Archean
    - Neoarchean (1)
    - Paleoarchean (1)
  - Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
  - Nonesuch Shale (1)
  - upper Precambrian
    - Proterozoic
      - Huronian (1)
      - Lewisian (1)
      - Mesoproterozoic
        
        Stenian (1)
      - Miette Group (1)
      - Neoproterozoic
        
        Dengying Formation (2)
        
        Doushantuo Formation (3)
        
        Ediacaran (9)
        
        Torridonian (1)
        
        Vendian (5)
      - Oronto Group (1)
      - Paleoproterozoic (2)
      - Sinian
        
        Dengying Formation (2)
        
        Doushantuo Formation (3)
      - Windermere System (1)
igneous rocks
- igneous rocks
  - plutonic rocks
    - ultramafics (1)
  - volcanic rocks
    - basalts (2)
    - glasses
      - perlite (1)
      - volcanic glass (2)
    - rhyolites (1)
    - trachyandesites (1)
metamorphic rocks
- turbidite (1)
meteorites
- meteorites (1)
minerals
- arsenates (1)
- arsenides (1)
- arsenites (1)
- carbonates
  - aragonite (2)
  - calcite (6)
  - hydromagnesite (1)
- minerals (3)
- organic minerals
  - amber (1)
- oxides
  - hydroxides
    - iron hydroxides (1)
    - oxyhydroxides (1)
  - magnetite (2)
- phosphates
  - apatite (2)
- silicates
  - framework silicates
    - silica minerals
      - opal
        
        opal-A (2)
      - quartz (1)
  - orthosilicates
    - nesosilicates
      - zircon group
        
        zircon (2)
  - sheet silicates
    - clay minerals
      - kaolinite (1)
      - smectite (1)
    - illite (2)
    - mica group
      - biotite (1)
- sulfates
  - anhydrite (1)
  - barite (1)
- sulfides
  - chalcopyrite (2)
  - cinnabar (1)
  - greigite (1)
  - marcasite (1)
  - pyrite (3)
  - sphalerite (1)
Primary terms
- absolute age (8)
- academic institutions (1)
- Africa
  - East Africa
    - Kenya (1)
    - Sudan (1)
  - East African Lakes
    - Lake Tanganyika (1)
  - North Africa
    - Atlas Mountains
      - Moroccan Atlas Mountains
        
        Anti-Atlas (1)
    - Egypt
      - Aswan Dam (1)
      - Nile Delta (1)
    - Morocco
      - Moroccan Atlas Mountains
        
        Anti-Atlas (1)
    - Tunisia (1)
  - Southern Africa
    - Kaapvaal Craton (1)
    - South Africa (1)
- Antarctica
  - Antarctic ice sheet (1)
  - Victoria Land
    - McMurdo dry valleys
      - Lake Fryxell (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Arctic region
  - Greenland
    - Greenland ice sheet (1)
    - West Greenland (1)
  - Svalbard
    - Spitsbergen
      - Spitsbergen Island
        
        Hornsund (1)
- Asia
  - Chukotka Russian Federation
    - Chukchi Peninsula (1)
  - Far East
    - China
      - Anhui China (1)
      - Guangxi China
        
        Guilin (1)
      - Guizhou China (2)
      - Hubei China
        
        Yichang China (1)
      - Inner Mongolia China (1)
      - Meishan China (1)
      - Sichuan Basin (1)
      - Yangtze Three Gorges (2)
      - Yunnan China (1)
      - Zhejiang China
        
        Changxing China (1)
    - Japan
      - Honshu
        
        Toyama Japan (1)
      - Ryukyu Islands (1)
    - Philippine Islands
      - Palawan (1)
  - Himalayas
    - Lesser Himalayas (1)
  - Indian Peninsula
    - India
      - Andhra Pradesh India
        
        Rajahmundry India (1)
      - Madhya Pradesh India
        
        Chhindwara India (1)
      - Northeastern India
        
        Meghalaya India (1)
    - Jammu and Kashmir
      - Jammu (1)
  - Kamchatka Russian Federation
    - Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
  - Lake Baikal (1)
  - Middle East
    - Cyprus (1)
    - Iran
      - Elburz (1)
    - Israel (1)
    - Turkey (1)
  - Novosibirsk Russian Federation (1)
  - Okhotsk region (1)
  - Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
  - Russian Far East (1)
  - Sayan (1)
  - Siberia (1)
  - Siberian Platform (2)
  - Tuva Russian Federation (1)
  - West Siberia (1)
  - Yakutia Russian Federation
    - Verkhoyansk Range (1)
- asteroids (1)
- Atlantic Ocean
  - East Atlantic (1)
  - Equatorial Atlantic (1)
  - North Atlantic
    - Caribbean Sea
      - Venezuelan Basin (1)
    - Gulf of Mexico
      - Garden Banks (1)
    - Irish Sea (1)
    - Northwest Atlantic
      - Demerara Rise (1)
  - South Atlantic
    - Walvis Ridge (2)
  - West Atlantic (1)
- Atlantic Ocean Islands
  - Canary Islands
    - Hierro (1)
  - Faeroe Islands (1)
  - Madeira (1)
- atmosphere (6)
- Australasia
  - Australia
    - Darling Basin (1)
    - New South Wales Australia (2)
    - Queensland Australia (1)
    - South Australia
      - Lake Eyre (1)
    - Victoria Australia (1)
    - Western Australia (1)
  - New Zealand
    - Lake Taupo (1)
    - Otago New Zealand (1)
    - Taupo volcanic zone (1)
    - Waiotapu New Zealand (1)
- bacteria
  - coliform bacteria
    - Escherichia
      - Escherichia coli (2)
- barite deposits (1)
- biogeography (10)
- biography (2)
- boron (1)
- Canada
  - Arctic Archipelago (1)
  - Eastern Canada
    - Maritime Provinces
      - Nova Scotia (1)
    - Newfoundland and Labrador
      - Newfoundland (1)
    - Ontario
      - Bruce County Ontario (1)
      - Essex County Ontario (1)
    - Quebec
      - Saguenay County Quebec (1)
  - Nunavut
    - Ellesmere Island (1)
  - Queen Elizabeth Islands
    - Ellesmere Island (1)
  - Western Canada
    - Alberta
      - Jasper National Park (1)
    - British Columbia
      - Queen Charlotte Islands (1)
      - Vancouver Island (1)
    - Canadian Rocky Mountains (3)
    - Manitoba
      - Churchill Manitoba (1)
    - Northwest Territories
      - Great Slave Lake (1)
- carbon
  - C-13/C-12 (14)
  - C-14 (6)
  - organic carbon (11)
- Caribbean region
  - West Indies
    - Antilles
      - Greater Antilles
        
        Puerto Rico (1)
      - Lesser Antilles
        
        Grenada (1)
        
        Saint Vincent (1)
- Cenozoic
  - Quaternary
    - Holocene
      - Atlantic (1)
      - lower Holocene (1)
      - upper Holocene (3)
    - Pleistocene
      - Key Largo Limestone (1)
      - middle Pleistocene (1)
      - upper Pleistocene
        
        Weichselian
        
        upper Weichselian (1)
        
        Wisconsinan
        
        upper Wisconsinan (1)
    - upper Quaternary (1)
  - Tertiary
    - Carapita Formation (1)
    - Neogene
      - Miocene
        
        lower Miocene (2)
        
        middle Miocene (1)
      - Pliocene (2)
    - Paleogene
      - Eocene
        
        lower Eocene
        
        Ypresian (1)
        
        middle Eocene
        
        Tyee Formation (1)
        
        Yamhill Formation (1)
      - Oligocene (1)
      - Paleocene
        
        lower Paleocene
        
        Danian (2)
        
        K-T boundary (5)
        
        Puercan (1)
        
        Tullock Member (1)
      - Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
  - upper Cenozoic (1)
- Central America
  - Costa Rica (1)
- ceramic materials (1)
- Chordata
  - Vertebrata
    - Agnatha
      - Heterostraci (1)
    - Pisces (8)
    - Tetrapoda
      - Amphibia
        
        Lissamphibia (1)
      - Aves (2)
      - Mammalia
        
        Theria
        
        Eutheria
        
        Carnivora (1)
        
        Cetacea (1)
        
        Rodentia (1)
      - Reptilia (3)
- clay mineralogy (2)
- climate change (13)
- coal deposits (2)
- conservation (4)
- continental shelf (2)
- continental slope (1)
- coprolites (1)
- dams (2)
- data processing (4)
- Deep Sea Drilling Project
  - IPOD
    - Leg 74
      - DSDP Site 525 (1)
    - Leg 80
      - DSDP Site 550 (1)
    - Leg 86
      - DSDP Site 577 (1)
  - Leg 22
    - DSDP Site 213 (1)
- diagenesis (10)
- Earth (1)
- earthquakes (3)
- East Pacific Ocean Islands
  - Galapagos Islands (1)
- ecology (38)
- environmental geology (1)
- Europe
  - Alps
    - Eastern Alps
      - Carnic Alps (1)
    - Swiss Alps (1)
  - Arkhangelsk Russian Federation
    - Onega Russian Federation (1)
  - Carpathians
    - Beskid Mountains (1)
  - Central Europe
    - Austria
      - Carinthia Austria (1)
    - Beskid Mountains (1)
    - Czech Republic
      - Bohemia (1)
    - Germany
      - Bavaria Germany (1)
    - Poland
      - Cracow Poland (1)
      - Malopolskie Poland (1)
    - Switzerland
      - Swiss Alps (1)
      - Valais Switzerland
        
        Haut Glacier d'Arolla (1)
      - Zurich Switzerland (2)
  - Jutland (1)
  - Komi Russian Federation
    - Pechora Russian Federation (1)
  - Lusatia (1)
  - Southern Europe
    - Balkan Mountains (1)
    - Bulgaria (1)
    - Iberian Peninsula
      - Spain
        
        Asturias Spain (1)
        
        Basque Provinces Spain
        
        Alava Spain (1)
    - Italy
      - Friuli-Venezia Giulia Italy (1)
      - Marches Italy (1)
      - Sicily Italy (1)
      - Tuscany Italy (1)
      - Umbria Italy
        
        Perugia Italy
        
        Gubbio Italy (2)
      - Veneto Italy
        
        Venice Italy
        
        Venice Lagoon (1)
    - Malta (1)
  - Ukraine
    - Boltyshka Depression (1)
  - Western Europe
    - France
      - Saone-et-Loire France
        
        Autun France (1)
    - Iceland
      - Laki (1)
    - Ireland (1)
    - Netherlands (1)
    - Scandinavia
      - Denmark (1)
    - United Kingdom
      - Great Britain
        
        England
        
        Derbyshire England (1)
        
        Scotland
        
        Highland region Scotland (1)
        
        Wales
        
        Merionethshire Wales (1)
- faults (2)
- fungi (4)
- geochemistry (27)
- geodesy (1)
- geomorphology (7)
- geophysical methods (13)
- glacial geology (5)
- government agencies
  - survey organizations (1)
- Graptolithina (1)
- ground water (26)
- heat flow (2)
- hydrogen
  - D/H (1)
- hydrogeology (1)
- hydrology (19)
- ichnofossils
  - Nereites (1)
  - Planolites (1)
  - Rhizocorallium (1)
- igneous rocks
  - plutonic rocks
    - ultramafics (1)
  - volcanic rocks
    - basalts (2)
    - glasses
      - perlite (1)
      - volcanic glass (2)
    - rhyolites (1)
    - trachyandesites (1)
- inclusions (1)
- Indian Ocean
  - Arabian Sea
    - Persian Gulf (1)
- Invertebrata
  - Arthropoda
    - Chelicerata
      - Merostomata
        
        Eurypterida (2)
        
        Xiphosura (1)
    - Mandibulata
      - Crustacea
        
        Branchiopoda (2)
        
        Ostracoda (5)
      - Insecta
        
        Pterygota
        
        Neoptera
        
        Endopterygota
        
        Coleoptera (1)
        
        Diptera
        
        Chironomidae (1)
        
        Trichoptera (1)
    - Trilobitomorpha
      - Trilobita (3)
  - Brachiopoda (5)
  - Bryozoa (3)
  - Cnidaria
    - Anthozoa (3)
  - Echinodermata
    - Crinozoa
      - Crinoidea (3)
  - Mollusca
    - Bivalvia (5)
    - Cephalopoda (2)
    - Gastropoda (2)
  - Porifera
    - Calcarea (1)
  - Protista
    - Foraminifera
      - Rotaliina
        
        Globigerinacea
        
        Globigerinidae
        
        Globigerinoides (1)
        
        Orbulina (1)
        
        Rotalipora (1)
        
        Rotaliacea
        
        Ammonia (1)
  - Vermes
    - Annelida (2)
    - scolecodonts (1)
- isotopes
  - radioactive isotopes
    - Be-10 (1)
    - C-14 (6)
    - Pb-210 (1)
    - Re-187/Os-188 (1)
  - stable isotopes
    - C-13/C-12 (14)
    - D/H (1)
    - N-15/N-14 (3)
    - O-17/O-16 (1)
    - O-18 (1)
    - O-18/O-16 (8)
    - Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
    - Re-187/Os-188 (1)
    - S-34/S-32 (1)
    - Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
- land subsidence (1)
- land use (4)
- Mediterranean region (1)
- Mediterranean Sea (2)
- Mesozoic
  - Cretaceous
    - Lower Cretaceous
      - Albian (1)
    - Upper Cretaceous
      - Cenomanian (1)
      - Hell Creek Formation (1)
      - K-T boundary (5)
      - Maestrichtian (3)
      - Turonian (1)
  - Jurassic
    - Lower Jurassic
      - Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
    - Middle Jurassic
      - Callovian (1)
    - Oxford Clay (1)
    - Upper Jurassic
      - Oxfordian (2)
  - Triassic
    - Charlie Lake Formation (1)
    - Lower Triassic
      - Induan (1)
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
    - Middle Triassic
      - Anisian (1)
      - Doig Formation (1)
    - Montney Formation (1)
    - Upper Triassic
      - Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
- metal ores
  - arsenic ores (1)
  - base metals (1)
  - iron ores (1)
  - lead ores (1)
  - mercury ores (1)
  - polymetallic ores (1)
  - silver ores (1)
  - zinc ores (1)
- metals
  - actinides
    - thorium (1)
    - uranium (1)
  - alkaline earth metals
    - beryllium
      - Be-10 (1)
    - calcium (2)
    - magnesium (1)
    - strontium
      - Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
  - aluminum (1)
  - arsenic (3)
  - iron
    - ferric iron (2)
  - lead
    - Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
    - Pb-210 (1)
  - manganese (2)
  - mercury (2)
  - platinum group
    - iridium (1)
    - osmium
      - Re-187/Os-188 (1)
  - rare earths
    - scandium (1)
  - rhenium
    - Re-187/Os-188 (1)
  - titanium (1)
  - vanadium (1)
  - zinc (1)
- metasomatism (2)
- meteorites (1)
- meteorology (2)
- Mexico
  - Oaxaca Mexico (1)
  - Tamaulipas Mexico
    - Arroyo El Mimbral (1)
- mineral deposits, genesis (4)
- mineral exploration (2)
- mineral resources (2)
- minerals (3)
- mining geology (1)
- Moon (1)
- nitrogen
  - N-15/N-14 (3)
- noble gases
  - argon (1)
  - helium (1)
  - neon (1)
- North America
  - Appalachians
    - Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
    - Great Appalachian Valley (1)
    - Valley and Ridge Province (1)
  - Basin and Range Province (1)
  - Great Lakes
    - Lake Ontario (1)
  - Great Plains (1)
  - Rocky Mountains
    - Canadian Rocky Mountains (3)
  - Saint Lawrence Valley (1)
  - Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
  - Western Interior
    - Western Interior Seaway (2)
  - Williston Basin (1)
- ocean basins (2)
- Ocean Drilling Program
  - Leg 199
    - ODP Site 1215 (1)
  - Leg 207
    - ODP Site 1258 (1)
  - Leg 208
    - ODP Site 1262 (1)
    - ODP Site 1263 (1)
    - ODP Site 1264 (1)
    - ODP Site 1265 (1)
    - ODP Site 1266 (1)
    - ODP Site 1267 (1)
- ocean floors (8)
- Oceania
  - Melanesia
    - New Caledonia (1)
    - Vanuatu (1)
  - Polynesia
    - Tonga (1)
- oceanography (3)
- oil and gas fields (1)
- orogeny (1)
- oxygen
  - dissolved oxygen (1)
  - O-17/O-16 (1)
  - O-18 (1)
  - O-18/O-16 (8)
- Pacific Ocean
  - East Pacific
    - Cocos Ridge (1)
    - Galapagos Rift (1)
    - Northeast Pacific (3)
    - Southeast Pacific
      - Lau Basin (1)
  - North Pacific
    - Northeast Pacific (3)
    - Northwest Pacific
      - East China Sea (1)
      - Shatsky Rise (1)
  - South Pacific
    - Southeast Pacific
      - Lau Basin (1)
    - Southwest Pacific
      - Coral Sea
        
        Great Barrier Reef (1)
  - West Pacific
    - Northwest Pacific
      - East China Sea (1)
      - Shatsky Rise (1)
    - Southwest Pacific
      - Coral Sea
        
        Great Barrier Reef (1)
- paleoclimatology (17)
- paleoecology (44)
- paleogeography (13)
- paleomagnetism (3)
- paleontology (11)
- Paleozoic
  - Cambrian
    - Lower Cambrian (3)
    - Middle Cambrian
      - Burgess Shale (2)
    - Upper Cambrian (1)
  - Carboniferous
    - Mississippian
      - Barnett Shale (1)
      - Middle Mississippian (1)
      - Upper Mississippian (1)
    - Pennsylvanian
      - Upper Pennsylvanian (1)
    - Upper Carboniferous
      - Stephanian (1)
  - Devonian
    - Upper Devonian
      - Famennian
        
        lower Famennian (1)
      - Frasnian
        
        upper Frasnian (1)
      - Kellwasser event (1)
  - lower Paleozoic (1)
  - Ordovician
    - Lower Ordovician
      - Tremadocian (2)
    - Upper Ordovician
      - Cincinnatian
        
        Richmondian (1)
      - Sandbian (1)
  - Permian
    - Upper Permian
      - Changxing Formation (1)
      - Lopingian
        
        Changhsingian (1)
        
        Wuchiapingian (1)
      - Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
    - Wellington Formation (1)
  - Silurian
    - Lower Silurian
      - Wenlock (1)
    - Upper Silurian
      - Ludlow (1)
      - Pridoli (1)
- palynomorphs
  - acritarchs (4)
  - Dinoflagellata (1)
  - miospores
    - pollen (3)
- petroleum
  - natural gas
    - shale gas (1)
- Phanerozoic (9)
- phosphorus (2)
- Plantae
  - algae
    - calcareous algae (2)
    - Chlorophyta
      - Chlorophyceae
        
        Dasycladaceae (1)
    - diatoms (4)
    - nannofossils
      - Sphenolithus (1)
    - Rhodophyta (2)
  - Bryophyta (2)
  - Pteridophyta
    - Filicopsida
      - Azolla (1)
    - Lycopsida (1)
  - Spermatophyta
    - Angiospermae
      - Dicotyledoneae
        
        Leguminosae (1)
        
        Nothofagus (1)
    - Gymnospermae
      - Bennettitales (2)
      - Coniferales
        
        Pinaceae
        
        Pinus (1)
      - Ginkgoales (1)
      - Pteridospermae (1)
- plate tectonics (5)
- pollution (22)
- Precambrian
  - Archean
    - Neoarchean (1)
    - Paleoarchean (1)
  - Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
  - Nonesuch Shale (1)
  - upper Precambrian
    - Proterozoic
      - Huronian (1)
      - Lewisian (1)
      - Mesoproterozoic
        
        Stenian (1)
      - Miette Group (1)
      - Neoproterozoic
        
        Dengying Formation (2)
        
        Doushantuo Formation (3)
        
        Ediacaran (9)
        
        Torridonian (1)
        
        Vendian (5)
      - Oronto Group (1)
      - Paleoproterozoic (2)
      - Sinian
        
        Dengying Formation (2)
        
        Doushantuo Formation (3)
      - Windermere System (1)
- problematic fossils
  - problematic microfossils (1)
- reclamation (2)
- reefs (5)
- remote sensing (2)
- sea water (8)
- sea-floor spreading (2)
- sea-level changes (11)
- sedimentary petrology (2)
- sedimentary rocks
  - carbonate rocks
    - boundstone (1)
    - limestone
      - biomicrite (1)
      - micrite (1)
    - packstone (1)
    - travertine (1)
  - chemically precipitated rocks
    - evaporites
      - salt (1)
    - phosphate rocks (1)
    - siliceous sinter (1)
    - tufa (1)
  - clastic rocks
    - black shale (1)
    - conglomerate (1)
    - marl (1)
    - mudstone (1)
    - red beds (1)
    - sandstone (3)
    - shale (7)
- sedimentary structures
  - bedding plane irregularities
    - ripple marks (1)
  - biogenic structures
    - algal structures
      - algal mats (2)
    - banks (1)
    - bioherms (1)
    - bioturbation (7)
    - lebensspuren (2)
    - microbial mats (2)
    - oncolites (1)
    - stromatolites (7)
  - planar bedding structures
    - bedding (1)
    - cross-bedding (2)
    - cyclothems (1)
    - laminations (1)
  - secondary structures
    - concretions (1)
- sedimentation (18)
- sediments
  - carbonate sediments (1)
  - clastic sediments
    - clay (5)
    - drift (1)
    - dust (1)
    - erratics (1)
    - overbank sediments (1)
    - sand (4)
  - marine sediments (5)
  - peat (2)
- shorelines (1)
- silicon (1)
- slope stability (1)
- soil mechanics (3)
- soils
  - Alfisols (1)
  - Cambisols (1)
- South America
  - Amazon Basin (1)
  - Andes (1)
  - Argentina (1)
  - Bolivia (1)
  - Ecuador (1)
  - Venezuela
    - Anzoategui Venezuela (1)
    - Monagas Venezuela (1)
    - Sucre Venezuela
      - Gulf of Cariaco (1)
      - Paria Peninsula (1)
- springs (9)
- stratigraphy (6)
- sulfur
  - S-34/S-32 (1)
- symposia (2)