- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
-
-
-
Anglesey (1)
-
Antarctica
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China (1)
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Kitami Basin (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Chiba Peninsula (1)
-
-
Kyushu
-
Kagoshima Japan
-
Satsuma Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Rajasthan India (1)
-
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Khamar-Daban Range (1)
-
Kyrgyzstan (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
-
Sri Lanka (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
-
-
Azerbaijan region (1)
-
Bathurst Island (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island
-
Barnes ice cap (1)
-
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia
-
Annapolis County Nova Scotia (1)
-
Digby County Nova Scotia (1)
-
Kings County Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island
-
Barnes ice cap (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
Manitoba (1)
-
Northwest Territories (3)
-
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
Kyrgyzstan (1)
-
Russian Federation
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Khamar-Daban Range (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Germany
-
North German Plain (1)
-
-
Hungary (1)
-
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Navarra Spain (1)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Malta (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Drome France (1)
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
-
Vaucluse France (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Southern Norway (1)
-
Telemark Norway
-
Bamble Norway (1)
-
-
-
Sweden
-
Norrbotten Sweden
-
Kiruna Sweden (1)
-
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
Gloucestershire England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland (1)
-
-
-
Wales
-
Anglesey Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Hunter Valley (1)
-
North America
-
North American Cordillera (1)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
-
North German Basin (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Coral Sea
-
Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Coral Sea
-
Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pioneer Mountains (1)
-
Red Hill (1)
-
South America
-
Argentina
-
Santa Cruz Argentina
-
Deseado Massif (1)
-
-
-
Brazil
-
Parana Brazil (1)
-
-
Chile (1)
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
-
United States
-
Albuquerque Basin (1)
-
California
-
San Diego County California (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California (1)
-
Yosemite National Park (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Florida (1)
-
Idaho
-
Custer County Idaho (1)
-
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Nevada (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Torrance County New Mexico (1)
-
Valencia County New Mexico (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Utah
-
San Rafael Swell (1)
-
-
-
-
commodities
-
barite deposits (1)
-
ceramic materials (1)
-
diamond deposits (1)
-
magnesite deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
gold ores (4)
-
iron ores (2)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
pyrite ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tantalum ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (8)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
petroleum (2)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron (1)
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
halogens
-
fluorine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
incompatible elements (1)
-
isotope ratios (3)
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (1)
-
potassium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
aluminum (3)
-
gallium (1)
-
germanium (2)
-
gold (1)
-
iron (1)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (1)
-
palladium (1)
-
platinum (1)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
rhodium (1)
-
ruthenium (1)
-
-
precious metals (2)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
phosphorus (1)
-
silicon (2)
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (1)
-
borings (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Pterosauria
-
Pteranodon (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
fungi (1)
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea
-
Didymograptina
-
Didymograptus (1)
-
Isograptus (1)
-
-
Monograptina
-
Monograptus (1)
-
-
-
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Rugosa (1)
-
Tabulata (1)
-
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (3)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Rhodophyta (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Sphenopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Cycadales (1)
-
-
-
-
thallophytes (3)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (1)
-
sclerochronology (1)
-
U/Pb (2)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (2)
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (4)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (1)
-
Page Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (2)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (2)
-
Carboniferous
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Red River Formation (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Banded Gneissic Complex (1)
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites
-
aplite (2)
-
charnockite (2)
-
-
pegmatite (4)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (2)
-
pyroxenite
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (2)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (2)
-
gneisses (2)
-
marbles (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (4)
-
migmatites (2)
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (3)
-
schists (3)
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (2)
-
malachite (1)
-
-
minerals (1)
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (1)
-
-
-
oxides
-
buserite (1)
-
chrome spinel (1)
-
corundum (1)
-
ferrihydrite (1)
-
goethite (1)
-
hematite (1)
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (1)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
niobates
-
columbite (1)
-
-
tantalates (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (1)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
pargasite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
omphacite (1)
-
spodumene (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
-
plagioclase (3)
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
chalcedony (2)
-
coesite (1)
-
cristobalite (1)
-
moganite (1)
-
opal (1)
-
quartz (5)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group (3)
-
mullite (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (1)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
lawsonite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
tourmaline group
-
schorl (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
-
biotite (2)
-
lepidolite (1)
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
serpentine group
-
chrysotile (1)
-
serpentine (1)
-
-
stilpnomelane (1)
-
zussmanite (1)
-
-
-
sulfides
-
acanthite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (1)
-
galena (1)
-
pyrite (1)
-
realgar (1)
-
sphalerite (1)
-
stromeyerite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
polybasite (1)
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
pearceite (1)
-
tennantite (1)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (4)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
China (1)
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido
-
Kitami Basin (1)
-
-
Honshu
-
Chiba Peninsula (1)
-
-
Kyushu
-
Kagoshima Japan
-
Satsuma Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Rajasthan India (1)
-
-
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Khamar-Daban Range (1)
-
Kyrgyzstan (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
-
Sri Lanka (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
-
-
bacteria (1)
-
barite deposits (1)
-
boron (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island
-
Barnes ice cap (1)
-
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia
-
Annapolis County Nova Scotia (1)
-
Digby County Nova Scotia (1)
-
Kings County Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island
-
Barnes ice cap (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
Manitoba (1)
-
Northwest Territories (3)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (2)
-
Pleistocene
-
lower Pleistocene (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (4)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
ceramic materials (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Pterosauria
-
Pteranodon (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
crust (2)
-
crystal chemistry (4)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
crystal structure (4)
-
data processing (1)
-
deformation (16)
-
diagenesis (3)
-
diamond deposits (1)
-
economic geology (3)
-
Europe
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Germany
-
North German Plain (1)
-
-
Hungary (1)
-
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Navarra Spain (1)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Malta (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Drome France (1)
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
-
Vaucluse France (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway
-
Southern Norway (1)
-
Telemark Norway
-
Bamble Norway (1)
-
-
-
Sweden
-
Norrbotten Sweden
-
Kiruna Sweden (1)
-
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
Gloucestershire England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland (1)
-
-
-
Wales
-
Anglesey Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (10)
-
folds (4)
-
foliation (6)
-
fractures (3)
-
fungi (1)
-
geochemistry (5)
-
geochronology (1)
-
geomorphology (1)
-
glacial geology (2)
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea
-
Didymograptina
-
Didymograptus (1)
-
Isograptus (1)
-
-
Monograptina
-
Monograptus (1)
-
-
-
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites
-
aplite (2)
-
charnockite (2)
-
-
pegmatite (4)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (2)
-
pyroxenite
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (2)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions (2)
-
intrusions (6)
-
Invertebrata
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Rugosa (1)
-
Tabulata (1)
-
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
lineation (1)
-
magmas (4)
-
magnesite deposits (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bathonian (1)
-
Callovian (1)
-
Page Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (2)
-
-
metal ores
-
gold ores (4)
-
iron ores (2)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
pyrite ores (1)
-
silver ores (2)
-
tantalum ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (1)
-
potassium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
aluminum (3)
-
gallium (1)
-
germanium (2)
-
gold (1)
-
iron (1)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (1)
-
palladium (1)
-
platinum (1)
-
platinum ores (2)
-
rhodium (1)
-
ruthenium (1)
-
-
precious metals (2)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (2)
-
gneisses (2)
-
marbles (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (4)
-
migmatites (2)
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
-
quartzites (3)
-
schists (3)
-
-
metamorphism (2)
-
metasomatism (4)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (8)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
mineralogy (1)
-
minerals (1)
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
North America
-
North American Cordillera (1)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Coral Sea
-
Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Coral Sea
-
Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
-
paleobotany (1)
-
paleoclimatology (2)
-
paleoecology (4)
-
paleontology (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (2)
-
Carboniferous
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Cow Head Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Red River Formation (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
-
-
-
paragenesis (2)
-
petroleum (2)
-
petrology (6)
-
phase equilibria (1)
-
phosphorus (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Rhodophyta (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Sphenopsida (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Cycadales (1)
-
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Banded Gneissic Complex (1)
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
reefs (1)
-
roads (1)
-
rock mechanics (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (1)
-
travertine (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
iron formations
-
banded iron formations (1)
-
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
-
black shale (1)
-
marl (1)
-
sandstone (6)
-
shale (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (1)
-
cross-bedding (2)
-
imbrication (1)
-
laminations (3)
-
varves (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (1)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
gravel (1)
-
pebbles (1)
-
-
-
silicon (2)
-
slope stability (1)
-
soils
-
Chernozems (1)
-
laterites (1)
-
-
South America
-
Argentina
-
Santa Cruz Argentina
-
Deseado Massif (1)
-
-
-
Brazil
-
Parana Brazil (1)
-
-
Chile (1)
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
-
stratigraphy (1)
-
structural analysis (7)
-
tectonics
-
neotectonics (1)
-
-
thallophytes (3)
-
United States
-
Albuquerque Basin (1)
-
California
-
San Diego County California (1)
-
Santa Barbara County California (1)
-
Yosemite National Park (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Florida (1)
-
Idaho
-
Custer County Idaho (1)
-
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Nevada (1)
-
New Mexico
-
Torrance County New Mexico (1)
-
Valencia County New Mexico (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Utah
-
San Rafael Swell (1)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (1)
-
travertine (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
iron formations
-
banded iron formations (1)
-
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
-
black shale (1)
-
marl (1)
-
sandstone (6)
-
shale (1)
-
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
borings (1)
-
boudinage (5)
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (1)
-
cross-bedding (2)
-
imbrication (1)
-
laminations (3)
-
varves (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
gravel (1)
-
pebbles (1)
-
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (1)
-
soils
-
Chernozems (1)
-
laterites (1)
-
-
banded structures
U–Pb Age and Mineral Inclusions in Zircon from Diamondiferous Garnet–Pyroxene Rocks of the Kumdy-Kol Microdiamond Deposit in Northern Kazakhstan
Metamorphic Vanadian–Chromian Spinel (Sludyanka Complex, South Baikal Area). Ferroan Spinel
Banded Charnockite: The Result of Crustal Magma Generation, Piecemeal Emplacement, and Fluid-Driven Mineral Replacement in High-Grade Crust (Central Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica)
Textural Characteristics of Barren and Mineralized Colloform Quartz Bands at the Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposits of the Omu Camp in Hokkaido, Japan: Implications for Processes Resulting in Bonanza-Grade Precious Metal Enrichment
Immiscibility and the origin of ladder structures, mafic layering, and schlieren in plutons
The Ag- and Au-bearing phases in the Escondida epithermal vein, Cerro Moro deposit, Santa Cruz, Argentina
Chemically oscillating reactions in the formation of botryoidal malachite
Sedimentation in a Rifted Basin: Insights from the Proterozoic Rajgarh Siliciclastics, Delhi Supergroup, Northeastern Rajasthan
Abstract: Many siliciclastic reservoirs contain millimetre-scale diagenetic and structural phenomena affecting fluid flow. We identified three major types of small-scale flow barriers in a clastic Rotliegend hydrocarbon reservoir: cataclastic deformation bands; dissolution seams; and bedding-parallel cementation. Deformation bands of various orientations were analysed on resistivity image logs and in core material. They are mainly conjugates, and can be used to validate seismically observable faults and infer subseismic faults. Bedding-parallel dissolution seams are related to compaction and post-date at least one set of deformation bands. Bedding-parallel cementation is accumulated in coarser-grained layers and depends on the amount of clay coatings. Apparent permeability data related to petrographical image interpretation visualizes the impact of flow barriers on reservoir heterogeneity. Transmissibility multiplier calculations indicate the small efficiency of the studied deformation bands on flow properties in the reservoir. Deformation bands reduce the host-rock permeability by a maximum of two orders of magnitude. However, host-rock anisotropies are inferred to reduce the permeability by a maximum of four orders of magnitude. The relative timing of these flow barriers, as well as the assessment of reservoir heterogeneities, are the basis for state-of-the-art reservoir prediction modelling.
Abstract: Four specimens of the pterosaur Pteranodon exhibit patterns of irregular alternating light and dark bands on the lateral surfaces of the upper jaw anterior to the nasoantorbital fenestra. Examinations reveal that the maxilla and premaxilla of Pteranodon consisted of two thin sheets of bone interconnected by regularly spaced septa with the spaces contained within presumably pneumatized, resulting in a structure analogous to modern honeycomb sandwich panels. The alternating light and dark bands resulted from waves of bone deposition moving anteriorly along the external surface of the lateral sheet of bone and laying down thin laminae of new bone while bone was simultaneously resorbed from the internal surface of the lateral sheet to maintain its thickness. The specimens that exhibit the bands were immature males and no banding was found in mature specimens or immature females. Therefore, the presence of the bands in immature males is interpreted as correlated with the enlargement and reshaping of the rostrum as males approached and attained sexual maturity.