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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Balkan Mountains
Assessment of landslides in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia: A Geoscientists Without Borders project
ROSEN, BULGARIA: A NEWLY RECOGNIZED IRON OXIDE-COPPER-GOLD DISTRICT
Relations between surface and underground karst forms inferred from terrestrial laser scanning
Abstract This paper details methods that contribute towards solving the problem of the spatial relations between surface and underground karst morphology – relationships that are often unclear. The karst landforms studied in this context are karst valleys, through-caves and natural bridges. Two study sites are situated in the Carpatho-Balkan Mountains of eastern Serbia: the dry valley of the Radovanska Reka River on Mt Kučaj (together with the Pećura through-cave) and the Zamna Cave in the wider area of the Danube Gorge. The caves and the closest adjoining parts of the valleys were measured in detail using the terrestrial laser scanning method. The data obtained showed that some previous measurements at these locations, performed with classical traditional instruments, are insufficiently accurate and may lead to wrong conclusions.
Global, regional and local controls on the development of a Triassic carbonate ramp system, Western Balkanides, Bulgaria
The multiply deformed foreland fold-thrust belt of the Balkan orogen, northern Bulgaria
A record of anthropogenic Pb deposition in a Mediterranean karst catchment (Lake Vrana, Cres Island, Croatia)
A review of petrogenesis of Mediterranean Tertiary lamproites: A perspective from the Serbian ultrapotassic province
In the Mediterranean area, four major lamproitic provinces with uniform geological, geochemical, and petrographic characteristics are recognized: Spain, Italy, Balkans, and Turkey. Mediterranean lamproites are SiO 2 -rich lamproites, characterized low CaO, Al 2 O 3 , and Na 2 O, and high K 2 O/Al 2 O 3 and Mg-number. They are enriched by in large ion lithophile elements relative to high field strength elements and in Pb, and show depletion in Ti, Nb, and Ta. The Mediterranean lamproites are characterized by a wide range of 87 Sr/ 86 and 143 Nd/ 144 Sr i Nd i . Both intra- and interprovince variations are significant. In contrast, the Pb isotope compositions of all Mediterranean lamproite provinces are almost identical, falling within the pelagic sediment field and resembling local upper-crustal sediments and Mesozoic flysch sediments from the Tethyan Ocean. Using the Serbian lamproites as an example, we develop constraints on the mantle melting processes and geodynamic environment of the whole Mediterranean lamproitic province. Partial melting of refractory mantle material previously enriched in incompatible elements is considered to be the most likely explanation for Mediterranean lamproites. The depleted-mantle component is probably multiply depleted peridotite from above the subducting plate during Mesozoic subduction processes, which preceded collision and orogenesis. The considerable variations of Sr-Nd isotopes are explained as having been produced by vein + wall-rock melting involving metasomatic veins that were out of isotopic equilibrium with the peridotite wall rock during melting. The uniformity of the Pb isotope compositions of all Mediterranean provinces is a result of the presence of a common crustal isotopic end member in their mantle source similar to flysch sediments from the Vardar Tethyan Ocean. No generic geodynamic scenario can explain lamproites, but neither mantle plume nor subduction is essential for the initiation of the volcanism. Most of the evidence implies postcollisional tectonics, including delamination of lithospheric mantle and/or orogenic collapse, as the major causes for the volcanism.
Collision tectonics of the Mediterranean region: Causes and consequences
The late Mesozoic–early Tertiary evolution of the Mediterranean region was defined by a series of collisions between Gondwana-derived continental blocks and Eurasia as the intervening ocean basins closed. The late Tertiary–Quaternary evolution of the region was controlled by the generally northward motion of Afro-Arabia and the compressional tectonics induced by the convergence between Eurasia and Afro-Arabia. Earlier collisional events caused the formation of thick orogenic crust, high-standing plateaus, and heterogeneous mantle, and resulted in slab break-offs that were collectively crucial for the onset of postcollisional collapse of the mountain belts, tectonic extension, and magmatism. The diachronous collision of Adria (Apulia), as an appendage of Africa, with Europe along its irregular margins created the Alps, the Apennines, and the Dinaride-Albanide-Hellenide mountain belt at different times and affected the formation of the Carpathians in the east. The collision of theArabian promontory with Eurasia ca. 13 Ma facilitated the westward tectonic escape of Anatolia and caused intense deformation taken up by crustal shortening and conjugate strike-slip fault systems in a zone of ∼1000 km stretching from the Bitlis-Zagros suture zone in the south to the Greater Caucasus in the north. The Anatolia plate has been rotating counterclockwise relative to Eurasia during its escape to the west and hence has been experiencing internal deformation through a combination of strike-slip and normal faulting, including metamorphic core complex formation. Subduction roll-back along the Hellenic trench has likely been the driving force for this southwest motion of Anatolia and the extensional tectonics affecting the Aegean province in the upper plate throughout the late Tertiary. The widespread alkaline volcanism both in the Aegean extensional province and in the Turkish-Iranian plateau since the late Miocene shows chemical evidence for an enriched asthenospheric mantle melt source; in both regions postcollisional slab break-off events have played a major role in providing this asthenospheric material and weakening the orogenic crust significantly. Young basins (Tyrrhenian, Aegean?) are in the process of opening above strongly arcuate subduction zones in a broadly convergent system of the Mediterranean region. The mantle response to the discrete collisional events, the geometry of colliding continental margins, and the scale of collisions strongly controlled the syn- to postcollisional tectonics and magmatism in the Mediterranean region.