Update search
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China (1)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Cold Lake (5)
-
Elk Point Basin (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Alberta Basin (5)
-
Athabasca Oil Sands (86)
-
Athabasca River (3)
-
Fort McMurray Alberta (6)
-
Peace River Arch (2)
-
-
Athabasca Basin (2)
-
-
-
Clearwater River (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians (1)
-
Canadian Shield (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (5)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (1)
-
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
Peace River (4)
-
-
commodities
-
aggregate (1)
-
bitumens (30)
-
brines (1)
-
coal deposits
-
coke coal (1)
-
-
energy sources (1)
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (1)
-
-
water resources (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
halogens
-
chlorine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (4)
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (2)
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
silicon (1)
-
-
fossils
-
burrows (3)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
microfossils (4)
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (2)
-
-
tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
U/Pb (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian (4)
-
Clearwater Formation (9)
-
Mannville Group (3)
-
McMurray Formation (55)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Nordegg Member (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (1)
-
Keg River Formation (4)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Elk Point Group (2)
-
Prairie Evaporite (10)
-
-
Slave Point Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Grosmont Formation (1)
-
-
Waterways Formation (2)
-
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (3)
-
-
-
silicates
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (1)
-
chlorite (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (3)
-
montmorillonite (1)
-
smectite (3)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
-
serpentine group
-
berthierine (2)
-
serpentine (1)
-
-
talc (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (3)
-
gypsum (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (1)
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China (1)
-
-
-
bitumens (30)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Cold Lake (5)
-
Elk Point Basin (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Alberta Basin (5)
-
Athabasca Oil Sands (86)
-
Athabasca River (3)
-
Fort McMurray Alberta (6)
-
Peace River Arch (2)
-
-
Athabasca Basin (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Reptilia
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (5)
-
coal deposits
-
coke coal (1)
-
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
crystal structure (1)
-
dams (1)
-
data processing (7)
-
deformation (4)
-
diagenesis (5)
-
economic geology (13)
-
energy sources (1)
-
engineering geology (1)
-
faults (4)
-
folds (1)
-
fractures (3)
-
geochemistry (6)
-
geophysical methods (23)
-
ground water (7)
-
heat flow (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
hydrogeology (1)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
pyroclastics (1)
-
-
-
intrusions (2)
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
-
land use (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian (4)
-
Clearwater Formation (9)
-
Mannville Group (3)
-
McMurray Formation (55)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Nordegg Member (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (2)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (2)
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
-
mining geology (3)
-
North America
-
Appalachians (1)
-
Canadian Shield (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (5)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (1)
-
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
orogeny (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
paleoecology (2)
-
paleogeography (5)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (1)
-
Keg River Formation (4)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Elk Point Group (2)
-
Prairie Evaporite (10)
-
-
Slave Point Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Grosmont Formation (1)
-
-
Waterways Formation (2)
-
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (2)
-
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (1)
-
-
pollution (2)
-
reclamation (2)
-
reefs (3)
-
remote sensing (2)
-
rock mechanics (2)
-
sea-level changes (5)
-
sedimentary petrology (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
grainstone (1)
-
packstone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites (7)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (1)
-
diamictite (1)
-
mudstone (8)
-
sandstone (19)
-
shale (3)
-
siltstone (4)
-
-
coal
-
bituminous coal (1)
-
-
oil sands (51)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (5)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (1)
-
cross-bedding (2)
-
cross-stratification (3)
-
laminations (1)
-
sand bodies (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (4)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (2)
-
sand (1)
-
-
-
silicon (1)
-
soils (2)
-
stratigraphy (1)
-
tectonics
-
salt tectonics (2)
-
-
waste disposal (2)
-
water resources (1)
-
well-logging (5)
-
-
rock formations
-
Peace River Formation (2)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
floatstone (1)
-
laminite (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
grainstone (1)
-
packstone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites (7)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (1)
-
diamictite (1)
-
mudstone (8)
-
sandstone (19)
-
shale (3)
-
siltstone (4)
-
-
coal
-
bituminous coal (1)
-
-
oil sands (51)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
burrows (3)
-
channels (1)
-
laminite (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioturbation (5)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (1)
-
cross-bedding (2)
-
cross-stratification (3)
-
laminations (1)
-
sand bodies (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
stratification (9)
-
tracks (1)
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (2)
-
sand (1)
-
-
-
-
soils
-
soils (2)
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Athabasca Oil Sands
Revised stratigraphic position of a volcanic-ash-derived maximum depositional age in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation
Pit wall and core expressions of intra-point bar erosional surfaces in McMurray Formation point bars, Fort Hills Mine, Alberta, Canada
Comparison of the morphology, facies, and reservoir quality of valley fills in the southern Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada
Migrations of Devonian brine up-section and the origin of calcite-cemented sand in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation, Athabasca Oil Sands
Syn-depositional oil seeps in the Late Albian Paddy Member of the Peace River Formation (Early Cretaceous), north-central Alberta
Upper Elk Point subgroup paleogeography and evaporite distribution with implications for evaporite dissolution, karstification, and carbonate diagenesis in northeastern Alberta
Analysis of the internal architectural elements of tidal-influenced meandering fluvial deposits using well logging and seismic data: The study of the Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta, Canada
Brackish and marginal marine phytoplankton from the Athabasca Oil Sands (Lower Cretaceous) of north-east Alberta, Canada
Planform Recognition and Implications of a Cretaceous-age Continental-scale River Avulsion Node in the Western Interior Basin, Alberta, Canada
Empirical modeling of the saturated shear modulus in oil sands
Seismic reconstruction of the in situ anisotropic stress field for caprock integrity in the Athabasca oil-sands basin, Canada
A high-density, high-resolution joint 3D VSP–3D surface seismic case study in the Canadian oil sands
Shortwave infrared (1.0–2.5 µm) hyperspectral imaging of the Athabasca West Grand Rapids Formation oil sands
Salt tectonism and distribution of brackish-water trace fossils in the Cretaceous McMurray Formation, Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta Foreland Basin
Analysis of temperature dependency of elastic moduli in heavy oil deposits
Simple is better when it comes to sequence stratigraphy: The Clearwater Formation of the Mannville Group reinterpreted using a genetic body approach
Sedimentological and stratigraphic characterization of Cretaceous upper McMurray deposits in the southern Athabasca oil sands, Alberta, Canada
Mudstone Clast Breccia in the Cretaceous Athabasca Oil Sands, Western Canada: Fluvial Debris-Flow Transitions into Traction Carpets
Orogeny and the collapse of the Devonian Prairie Evaporite karst in Western Canada: impact on the overlying Cretaceous Athabasca Oil Sands
Abstract The Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation accumulated up to 200 m of halite-dominated beds across Western Canada in a salt basin extending from northern Alberta southeastwards into southern Saskatchewan and western North Dakota. A 1000 km long salt dissolution trend along the eastern basin margin resulted in the removal of 100–150 m of halite–anhydrite beds. A second salt dissolution trend removed up to 200 m of section across southern Saskatchewan. The removal of the halite-dominated beds and the collapse of the overlying strata responded to regional aquifer and vertical water flows driven by compaction up-structure to the NE towards the eastern margins of the foreland Alberta and intracratonic Williston constituent basins of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Flows resulting in dissolution trends in the deepening Alberta foreland basin were responses to Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Columbian orogenic tectonism, in contrast with the multiple Paleozoic and Mesozoic dissolution stages across the southern Saskatchewan area of the northern Williston basin. Water flows along the Devonian Keg River strata migrated into the overlying Prairie Evaporite salt beds. The dissolution fronts advanced along multi-kilometre long NW- and NE-oriented sets of fault–fracture lineaments resulting from orogenic Precambrian block movements propagated into the overlying Devonian strata. The Athabasca Oil Sands accumulated above a 300 km long segment of the dissolution trend along the eastern margin of the evaporite basin. An unusually low 1:2 thickness ratio of removed salt beds to overlying strata resulted in significant structural controls on the deposition of the overlying Cretaceous McMurray Formation point bar complexes. Fluvial point bars up to 6 km long and tens of metres thick collinearly aligned along fairways tens of kilometres long, following the halite dissolution trends 200 m below. These sand reservoirs trapped Laramide oil migration into the area. Biodegradation followed, resulting in a trillion barrel resource. A final stage of salt removal occurred with the influx of subglacial meltwaters, rejuvenating 10 km 2 Cretaceous collapses across southern Saskatchewan.
Depending on the context and discipline, the terms ‘clays’ or ‘clay’ may be used in three different ways: as a particle-size term, as a mineral term, and as a rock term ( Moore, 1996 ). The field of oil-sands research makes no exception and various uses can be encountered in the literature, including terms such as ‘clay-sized minerals,’ ‘fine clays,’ ‘ultrafine clays’ (or ‘ultrafines’), ‘estuarine clay,’ ‘marine clay,’ etc. In this chapter, an overview is given of: (1) the nomenclature associated with clays and clay minerals; (2) the structure and crystal chemistry of phyllosilicates; and (3) the geology and clay mineralogy of oil sands.