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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra
-
Toba Lake (2)
-
-
-
Malaysia (1)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mount Pinatubo (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
-
Black Mountain (1)
-
Borax Lake (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (3)
-
-
Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles (1)
-
-
-
-
Casa Diablo (1)
-
Cascade Range (1)
-
Central America
-
Guatemala (4)
-
-
Central Valley (1)
-
Death Valley (2)
-
Dixie Valley (1)
-
Europe
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Iceland (1)
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Wales
-
Gwynedd Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Fogo (1)
-
Lake Mead (1)
-
Medicine Lake (1)
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California (1)
-
Baja California Mexico (2)
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
-
Chihuahua Mexico (2)
-
Durango Mexico (2)
-
Jalisco Block (1)
-
Jalisco Mexico (1)
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (6)
-
Sonora Mexico (2)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Carolina slate belt (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (9)
-
-
North American Cordillera (2)
-
Rio Grande Rift (2)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (2)
-
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
North Island (1)
-
Owens Valley (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (4)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (1)
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (4)
-
-
-
-
Round Mountain (2)
-
Saint Lucia (1)
-
Salmon River (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (6)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Western Cordillera (2)
-
-
Bolivia (2)
-
Chile (2)
-
Peru (5)
-
-
Sturgeon Lake (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Novarupta (1)
-
Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Cochise County Arizona (3)
-
Gila County Arizona (1)
-
La Paz County Arizona (1)
-
Maricopa County Arizona (1)
-
Mohave County Arizona (1)
-
Pima County Arizona (1)
-
Pinal County Arizona (2)
-
Yavapai County Arizona (1)
-
-
California
-
Central California (2)
-
Inyo County California
-
Funeral Mountains (1)
-
-
Lassen County California (1)
-
Mariposa County California (1)
-
Modoc County California (1)
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (3)
-
-
Northern California (1)
-
Plumas County California (1)
-
Salton Trough (1)
-
San Bernardino County California (1)
-
Sierra Nevada Batholith (3)
-
Siskiyou County California
-
Medicine Lake Highland (1)
-
-
Tuolumne County California (1)
-
Yosemite National Park (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Chaffee County Colorado
-
Salida Colorado (1)
-
-
Conejos County Colorado (1)
-
Fremont County Colorado (1)
-
Hinsdale County Colorado (2)
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede Caldera (2)
-
Creede mining district (1)
-
-
Rio Grande County Colorado (1)
-
San Juan County Colorado
-
Silverton Caldera (1)
-
-
San Juan volcanic field (7)
-
San Miguel County Colorado (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (3)
-
Great Basin (9)
-
Idaho
-
Cassia County Idaho (1)
-
Custer County Idaho (1)
-
Fremont County Idaho (1)
-
Snake River plain (1)
-
-
Massachusetts
-
Suffolk County Massachusetts
-
Boston Massachusetts (2)
-
-
-
Missouri
-
Iron County Missouri (1)
-
Saint Francois Mountains (1)
-
-
Mojave Desert (1)
-
Montana
-
Beaverhead County Montana (1)
-
Gallatin County Montana (1)
-
Park County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Churchill County Nevada (2)
-
Douglas County Nevada (1)
-
Esmeralda County Nevada
-
Silver Peak Mountains (1)
-
-
Eureka County Nevada (1)
-
Humboldt County Nevada (3)
-
Lander County Nevada (3)
-
Lincoln County Nevada (3)
-
Lyon County Nevada
-
Yerington Nevada (1)
-
-
Mineral County Nevada (2)
-
Mormon Mountains (1)
-
Nevada Test Site (5)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Rainier Mesa (1)
-
Yucca Mountain (5)
-
-
Roberts Mountains Allochthon (1)
-
Shoshone Mountains (3)
-
Storey County Nevada (1)
-
Toiyabe Range (1)
-
Washoe County Nevada (2)
-
Yucca Flat (1)
-
-
New Mexico
-
Jemez Mountains (2)
-
Los Alamos County New Mexico (1)
-
Pajarito Plateau (1)
-
Rio Arriba County New Mexico (2)
-
Sandoval County New Mexico (2)
-
Socorro County New Mexico
-
Socorro New Mexico (1)
-
-
Valles Caldera (1)
-
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (1)
-
Saint Lawrence County New York (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Crook County Oregon (1)
-
Grant County Oregon (1)
-
Harney County Oregon (1)
-
Jefferson County Oregon (1)
-
Lane County Oregon (1)
-
Malheur County Oregon (1)
-
Wheeler County Oregon (1)
-
-
Sevier orogenic belt (1)
-
South Carolina (1)
-
Texas
-
Brewster County Texas
-
Big Bend National Park (1)
-
-
Culberson County Texas (1)
-
Davis Mountains (1)
-
Hudspeth County Texas (1)
-
Jeff Davis County Texas (1)
-
-
Trans-Pecos (2)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
San Juan Mountains
-
Creede Caldera (2)
-
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Beaver County Utah (2)
-
Garfield County Utah (1)
-
Iron County Utah (2)
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Wah Wah Mountains (1)
-
Washington County Utah (1)
-
-
Walker Lane (6)
-
Western U.S. (4)
-
Wyoming
-
Park County Wyoming (2)
-
Teton County Wyoming (2)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (2)
-
-
White Mountains (2)
-
-
commodities
-
brines (2)
-
metal ores
-
arsenic ores (1)
-
base metals (4)
-
copper ores (12)
-
gold ores (17)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (5)
-
lead-zinc deposits (3)
-
mercury ores (2)
-
molybdenum ores (1)
-
niobium ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
rare earth deposits (1)
-
silver ores (14)
-
tellurium ores (1)
-
thorium ores (1)
-
tin ores (2)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
uranium ores (3)
-
zinc ores (5)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (28)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
placers (1)
-
vermiculite deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-14 (3)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
-
chlorine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (8)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
-
Be-10 (1)
-
C-14 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
D/H (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (7)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
-
antimony (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
copper (1)
-
gold (1)
-
iron (1)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
-
manganese (2)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
precious metals (6)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
-
silver (1)
-
titanium (1)
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (26)
-
exposure age (1)
-
fission-track dating (2)
-
K/Ar (14)
-
paleomagnetism (13)
-
Rb/Sr (1)
-
Sm/Nd (1)
-
tephrochronology (8)
-
thermochronology (1)
-
U/Pb (6)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (3)
-
Bishop Tuff (11)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Sierra Ladrones Formation (1)
-
Tertiary
-
Apache Leap Tuff (1)
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
middle Tertiary (7)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Crater Flat Tuff (3)
-
lower Miocene (3)
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
Paintbrush Tuff (5)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
Topopah Spring Member (3)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (4)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (7)
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (4)
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Middle Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous (3)
-
-
Jurassic (3)
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Triassic (2)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (1)
-
Devonian (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian (2)
-
-
-
Permian (1)
-
Silurian (2)
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
Carrizo Mountain Formation (1)
-
Harbour Main Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
granites
-
alaskite (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
felsite (1)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
microgranite (1)
-
S-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (2)
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (9)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (5)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (4)
-
perlite (1)
-
volcanic glass (6)
-
-
latite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
andesite tuff (1)
-
ash-flow tuff (153)
-
ignimbrite (10)
-
pumice (12)
-
rhyolite tuff (9)
-
tuff (33)
-
welded tuff (13)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites (18)
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
trachytes (1)
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metaigneous rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (5)
-
quartzites (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
minerals (4)
-
oxides
-
hematite (1)
-
ilmenite (2)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (2)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
ulvospinel (1)
-
-
silicates
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (3)
-
cryptoperthite (1)
-
sanidine (10)
-
-
plagioclase (3)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
quartz (5)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
heulandite (1)
-
mordenite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (1)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (1)
-
-
sillimanite (1)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
zircon (9)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
sericite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (2)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
-
vanadates
-
carnotite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (44)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
Indonesia
-
Sumatra
-
Toba Lake (2)
-
-
-
Malaysia (1)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Luzon
-
Mount Pinatubo (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
New Zealand
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
-
brines (2)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (3)
-
-
Ontario (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-14 (3)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles (1)
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene (1)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (3)
-
Bishop Tuff (11)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (2)
-
-
Sierra Ladrones Formation (1)
-
Tertiary
-
Apache Leap Tuff (1)
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
middle Tertiary (7)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Crater Flat Tuff (3)
-
lower Miocene (3)
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
Paintbrush Tuff (5)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
Topopah Spring Member (3)
-
upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (4)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (7)
-
Oligocene
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (4)
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Guatemala (4)
-
-
climate change (1)
-
crust (12)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
crystal growth (2)
-
data processing (2)
-
deformation (8)
-
diagenesis (2)
-
economic geology (13)
-
environmental geology (1)
-
Europe
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Cyclades
-
Thera (1)
-
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Iceland (1)
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Wales
-
Gwynedd Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (33)
-
folds (1)
-
foliation (3)
-
fractures (9)
-
geochemistry (48)
-
geochronology (13)
-
geodesy (1)
-
geology (1)
-
geomorphology (2)
-
geophysical methods (4)
-
ground water (3)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
hydrology (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
granites
-
alaskite (1)
-
A-type granites (1)
-
felsite (1)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
microgranite (1)
-
S-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (2)
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (9)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (5)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (4)
-
perlite (1)
-
volcanic glass (6)
-
-
latite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
andesite tuff (1)
-
ash-flow tuff (153)
-
ignimbrite (10)
-
pumice (12)
-
rhyolite tuff (9)
-
tuff (33)
-
welded tuff (13)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites (18)
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
trachytes (1)
-
vitrophyre (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (11)
-
-
intrusions (23)
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca (1)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
-
Be-10 (1)
-
C-14 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
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ABSTRACT The volcanic stratigraphy of the central Gulf of California margin of the Baja California peninsula preserves a valuable record of the transition from subduction of the Farallon plate (24–12 Ma) to oblique rifting (<12 Ma). Although strike-slip faults (as well as normal faults) are common in oblique rifts and are abundant on the new (younger than 6 Ma) seafloor in the Gulf of California, none has been previously reported in the onshore central Baja California margin. This study focused on a previously unmapped region in the central Baja California margin near Mulegé, where we identified a strike-slip fault, termed the Potrero fault, and described the regional magmatic and structural context for this fault. We did this by using geologic mapping of volcanic-volcaniclastic lithofacies, supported by petrography, geochemistry, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. The Potrero fault is a vertical fault that strikes N10°W, with dextral-oblique (down-to-the-east) slip. This fault juxtaposes older rocks on the west with younger rocks on the east. The older rocks on the west side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Middle Comondú Group, which is early Miocene in age. They consist largely of a >800 m red bed sequence of coarse-grained andesitic volcanic debris-flow deposits (proximal facies) that transition westward into fluvial conglomerates and sandstones (distal facies). The proximal facies has interstratified coarse-grained trachyandesite block-and-ash-flow tuffs with a 40Ar/39Ar age of 18.72 ± 0.24 Ma. This section is cut by mafic- to intermediate-composition dikes, with lesser plugs, that have 40Ar/39Ar ages of 16.88 ± 0.30 Ma to 14.85 ± 0.05 Ma. This early Miocene assemblage is truncated by an angular unconformity and overlain by Pliocene high-Sr/Y trachyandesite lavas, with an 40Ar/39Ar age of 4.02 ± 0.04 Ma. The younger rocks on the east side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Upper Comondú Group, which is middle to late Miocene in age. This unit is dominated by small lava shields, with diameters of 2–9 km and thicknesses up to 300 m. The lava shields have basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, andesite, high-Sr/Y trachyandesite, and dacite compositions, with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 13.39 ± 0.03 Ma to 10.74 ± 0.08 Ma (four samples). At two localities in the map area, the Upper Comondú Group lava shields rest in angular unconformity on the Middle Comondú Group red beds and dikes, and the eruptive equivalents of the dikes are missing along this unconformity. We correlated this unconformity with the unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group on the west side of the Potrero fault to estimate a vertical component of slip of at least 800 m down-to-the-east across the Potrero fault. The lateral component of slip is not known, because the regions to the north and south are unmapped, so piercing points cannot be identified. The Middle Comondú Group in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area forms part of a regionally extensive, early Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, that outcrops for a distance of 500 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. It thickens and coarsens eastward, through what is now the Concepción Peninsula, where it also contains early Miocene dikes and hypabyssal intrusions and is similarly capped by an angular unconformity, with eruptive equivalents of the dikes and intrusions missing along the unconformity. We propose that the laterally extensive Middle Comondú Group was deposited in a rift basin, bounded by a west-dipping normal fault system that lay to the east of what is now the Concepción Peninsula, in the present-day offshore Gulf of California. We infer that the thick, coarse-grained volcanic andesitic debris-flow deposits of the Middle Comondú Group were shed from large andesite arc stratovolcanoes (Comondú arc) that also lay to the east in the present-day Gulf of California. We interpret the volumetrically minor block-and-ash-flow tuffs, dikes, and hypabyssal intrusions of the Middle Comondú Group to record minor magmatism in a forearc position. We also suggest that the angular unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group records thermal uplift that occurred as the arc axis swept westward (trenchward) into the region, at ca. 14 Ma, due to continued slab rollback that began in the Oligocene under western Mexico. The Upper Comondú Group lavas in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form part of a Middle to Upper Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, which outcrops for a distance of 700 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. This unit consists largely of andesite and basaltic andesite lavas erupted from stratovolcanoes in the axis of the Comondú arc. The Upper Comondú Group lavas thicken dramatically eastward toward the Bahía Concepción fault, a down-to-the-west normal fault that bounds the Concepción Peninsula on its west side. We thus infer that this fault became active in middle Miocene time (14 Ma). This fault records westward encroachment of normal faulting concurrent with the westward sweep of the arc axis, from the Gulf of California into Baja California. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas that form the structurally highest part of the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form an erosional escarpment that does not extend to the Potrero fault, so the lavas cannot be used to determine whether the Potrero fault was active before, during, or after their eruption. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas are a previously unidentified part of the regional postsubduction suite of “bajaites,” attributed to slab window magmatism.
ABSTRACT In a reconnaissance investigation aimed at interrogating the changing topography and paleogeography of the western United States prior to Basin and Range faulting, a preliminary study made use of U-Pb ages of detrital zircon suites from 16 samples from the Eocene–Oligocene Titus Canyon Formation, its overlying units, and correlatives near Death Valley. The Titus Canyon Formation unconformably overlies Neoproterozoic to Devonian strata in the Funeral and Grapevine Mountains of California and Nevada. Samples were collected from (1) the type area in Titus Canyon, (2) the headwaters of Monarch Canyon, and (3) unnamed Cenozoic strata exposed in a klippe of the Boundary Canyon fault in the central Funeral Mountains. Red beds and conglomerates at the base of the Titus Canyon Formation at locations 1 and 2, which contain previously reported 38–37 Ma fossils, yielded mostly Sierran batholith–age detrital zircons (defined by Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous peaks). Overlying channelized fluvial sandstones, conglomerates, and minor lacustrine shale, marl, and limestone record an abrupt change in source region around 38–36 Ma or slightly later, from more local, Sierran arc–derived sediment to extraregional sources to the north. Clasts of red radiolarian-bearing chert, dark radiolarian chert, and quartzite indicate sources in the region of the Golconda and Roberts Mountains allochthons of northern Nevada. Sandstones intercalated with conglomerate contain increasing proportions of Cenozoic zircon sourced from south-migrating, caldera-forming eruptions at the latitude of Austin and Ely in Nevada with maximum depositional ages (MDAs) ranging from 36 to 24 Ma at the top of the Titus Canyon Formation. Carbonate clasts and ash-rich horizons become more prevalent in the overlying conglomeratic Panuga Formation (which contains a previously dated 15.7 Ma ash-flow tuff). The base of the higher, ash-dominated Wahguyhe Formation yielded a MDA of 14.4 Ma. The central Funeral Mountains section exposes a different sequence of units that, based on new data, are correlative to the Titus Canyon, Panuga, and Wahguyhe Formations at locations 1 and 2. An ash-flow tuff above its (unexposed) base provided a MDA of 34 Ma, and the youngest sample yielded a MDA of 12.7 Ma. The striking differences between age-correlative sections, together with map-based evidence for channelization, indicate that the Titus Canyon Formation and overlying units likely represent fluvial channel, floodplain, and lacustrine deposits as sediments mostly bypassed the region, moving south toward the Paleogene shoreline in the Mojave Desert. The profound changes in source regions and sedimentary facies documented in the Titus Canyon Formation took place during ignimbrite flareup magmatism and a proposed eastward shift of the continental divide from the axis of the Cretaceous arc to a new divide in central Nevada in response to thermal uplift and addition of magma to the crust. This uplift initiated south-flowing fluvial systems that supplied sediments to the Titus Canyon Formation and higher units.
Mineral fabrics in high-level intrusions recording crustal strain and volcano–tectonic interactions: the Shellenbarger pluton, Sierra Nevada, California
Evidence for Large-Magnitude, Post-Eocene Extension in the Northern Shoshone Range, Nevada, and Its Implications for the Structural Setting of Carlin-Type Gold Deposits in the Lower Plate of the Roberts Mountains Allochthon
Development and Calibration of Dual-Permeability Flow Models with DiscontinuousFault Networks
Paleomagnetic results from the eastern Caliente-Enterprise zone, southwestern Utah: Implications for initiation of a major Miocene transfer zone
Magmatism, ash-flow tuffs, and calderas of the ignimbrite flareup in the western Nevada volcanic field, Great Basin, USA
Petrogenetic connections between ash-flow tuffs and a granodioritic to granitic intrusive suite in the Sierra Nevada arc, California
Eocene–Early Miocene paleotopography of the Sierra Nevada–Great Basin–Nevadaplano based on widespread ash-flow tuffs and paleovalleys
Birth of the Sierra Nevada magmatic arc: Early Mesozoic plutonism and volcanism in the east-central Sierra Nevada of California
Miocene basaltic magmatism in the Goldfield-Superstition volcanic province, central Arizona : Geochemistry, mineralogy, and petrology
Ash-flow tuffs in the Nine Hill, Nevada, paleovalley and implications for tectonism and volcanism of the western Great Basin, USA
Scattered remnants of highly diverse stratigraphic sections of Tertiary lacustrine limestone, andesite flows, and 23.8–18.2 Ma regional ash-flow tuffs on the north flank of the Mormon Mountains record previously unrecognized deformation, which we interpret as pre–17 Ma uplift and possibly weak extension on the north flank of a growing dome. Directly to the north of the Mormon dome, 17–14 Ma ash-flow tuffs and rhyolite are interstratified with landslides, debris avalanches, debris flows, and alluvial-fan deposits that accumulated to a thickness of more than 2 km in an extension-parallel basin. The source for the landslides and debris avalanche deposits is unknown, but it was probably an adjacent scarp along a transverse fault bounding an early part of the Mormon dome. An average 45° of easterly tilt of the entire Tertiary basin-fill succession represents the major post–14 Ma deformation event in the region. We question the basis for the published estimate of 22 km of westerly displacement on the Mormon Peak detachment fault and, on the basis of landslides in the upper plate having a probable source in the adjacent Mormon dome, constrain the heave to ~4 km. We interpret the dome and basin as coupled strains similar to others in the region and suggest that these strains reflect a waveform pattern of extension-normal lateral midcrustal ductile flow. Previously, doming was interpreted as an isostatic response to tectonic unloading by large-displacement detachment faults or as pseudo-structural highs stranded by removal of middle crust from adjacent areas. Moreover, we argue that the strong thinning of upper-plate rock successions throughout the Mormon Mountains and Tule Springs Hills resulted from a loss of rock volume by protracted fluid flow, dissolution, and collapse, seriously limiting the usefulness of upper-plate strain in evaluating extension magnitude. We present a geohydrologic model that couples uplift driven by ductile inflow with dissolution driven by fluid infiltration, possibly augmented by mantle-derived CO 2 -rich fluids. Karsting in the uplands led to carbonate sedimentation in adjacent lowlands. Whether or not our downward revision of extension in the Mormon Mountains is valid, extension at that latitude is isolated from extension in the Lake Mead area by a low-strain corridor between the two areas. Recognition of the isolated and potentially diminished strain impacts estimates of maximum finite elongation of the Basin and Range Province because one of three vector paths used in those estimates passes through the Mormon Mountains.
The Honey Lake fault zone is one of four major, northwest-striking dextral faults that constitute the northern Walker Lane in northwestern Nevada and northeastern California. Global positioning system (GPS) geodetic data indicate that the northern Walker Lane accommodates ~10%–20% of the dextral motion between the North American and Pacific plates. Regional relations suggest that dextral movement in the Honey Lake area began ca. 6–3 Ma. Five 31.3–25.3 Ma ash-flow tuffs, totaling ~250 m in thickness, were distinguished in a paleovalley in the Black Mountain area of the Diamond Mountains, southwest of the Honey Lake fault. Four of these tuffs, totaling ~200 m in thickness, also occupy a paleovalley in the Fort Sage Mountains northeast of the fault. On the basis of the similar tuff sequences, we infer that the Diamond and Fort Sage Mountains contain offset segments of a once-continuous, westerly trending late Oligocene paleovalley. Paleomagnetic data from the 25.3 Ma Nine Hill Tuff indicate negligible vertical-axis rotation in the Diamond and Fort Sage Mountains. Correlation of the paleovalley segments in the Diamond and Fort Sage Mountains suggests 10–17 km of dextral displacement across the Honey Lake fault. About 10 km of offset is favored on the basis of constraints near the southeast end of the fault. The spread of possible offset values implies long-term slip rates of ~1.7–2.8 mm/yr for a 6 Ma initiation, and ~3.3–5.7 mm/yr for a 3 Ma initiation. These rates are comparable to slip rates inferred from Quaternary fault studies and GPS geodesy.
Cenozoic volcanism and tectonics in the Queen Valley area, Esmeralda County, western Nevada
The Queen Valley pull-apart basin is located at the northern extent of the White Mountains in western Nevada. The basin is bounded to the south by the NE-trending Queen Valley fault zone and to the north by the E-W–trending Coaldale fault zone. The curvilinear trace of the Queen Valley normal fault extends ~16 km northeast from the northern termination of the Owens Valley–White Mountain fault zone to the western Coaldale fault system. Using new (U-Th)/He and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology, fault kinematic data, and detailed geologic mapping (1:10,000), this study documents a three-stage late Tertiary tectonic evolution of the eastern Queen Valley area and defines the role of the Queen Valley fault system as an integral part of the right-lateral transtensional Walker Lane belt. The Queen Valley area was affected by an ignim-brite flare-up in Utah, Nevada, and California, as recorded by late Oligocene rhyolites (ca. 26 Ma). The eruption of these widespread ash flows was accompanied locally by extension, creating a series of ENE-trending half grabens. The faults are sealed by Miocene andesite (ca. 12 Ma), constraining the timing of extension to late Oligo-cene or early Miocene. Mid-Miocene Basin and Range extension produced E-dipping normal fault systems in the Yerington area to the north and W-dipping normal faults in the White Mountains to the south. Displacement between these fault systems with opposite polarity was accommodated by a series of right-lateral faults in the Queen Valley area. A change in extension direction from E-W extension to NW-SE during the Pliocene resulted in a transition to transcurrent and transtensional structures in the central Walker Lane belt. The beginning of transtension on the east side of the White Mountains was marked by the opening of the Fish Lake Valley pull-apart basin at ca. 6 Ma, as constrained by Upper Miocene volcanic units. Similarly, the Queen Valley pull-apart basin was a product of the reactivation of the White Mountain–Owens Valley fault zone as a right-lateral fault ca. 3 Ma, based on thermochronological data and offset Pliocene basaltic andesite (ca. 3.1 Ma) along the Queen Valley fault.