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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (3)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Bou Azzer (2)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (3)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China (1)
-
Japan
-
Ryukyu Islands
-
Okinawa (1)
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Siberia (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
South Australia
-
Arrowie Basin (1)
-
Flinders Ranges (1)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Yilgarn Craton (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Otago Schist (1)
-
-
-
Caledonides (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
Ontario
-
Kenora District Ontario (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Gaspe Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
British Columbia (2)
-
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Balkan Peninsula (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Spessart (1)
-
-
-
Poland
-
Dolnoslaskie Poland
-
Zloty Stok Poland (1)
-
-
Polish Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Sudeten Mountains
-
Polish Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (2)
-
Southern Europe
-
Bulgaria
-
Sredna Gora (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Piemonte Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia (2)
-
Vardar Zone (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Aude France
-
Salsigne Mine (1)
-
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (1)
-
-
Finistere France (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
Sweden
-
Skellefte mining district (3)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cumbria England (1)
-
South-West England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Lake District (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Superior Province
-
Uchi Subprovince (1)
-
-
-
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
Vanuatu (1)
-
-
Micronesia
-
Mariana Islands (1)
-
-
Polynesia
-
Tonga (1)
-
-
-
Oslo Rift (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Lau Basin (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Lau Basin (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin (1)
-
-
North Fiji Basin (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Bismarck Sea
-
Manus Basin (1)
-
-
North Fiji Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
Solomon Islands (1)
-
South America
-
Chile
-
Atacama Chile (1)
-
Atacama Desert (1)
-
-
-
South Island (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
-
Arizona (2)
-
Colorado (1)
-
Montana (1)
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Mine (1)
-
Elko County Nevada
-
Carlin Nevada (1)
-
-
Eureka County Nevada (1)
-
Humboldt County Nevada
-
Getchell Mine (1)
-
-
Lander County Nevada (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Tonopah Nevada (1)
-
-
-
New Mexico (1)
-
Southwestern U.S. (1)
-
Utah (2)
-
Wyoming (1)
-
-
West Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Kermadec Islands (1)
-
-
-
commodities
-
barite deposits (2)
-
brines (1)
-
gems (1)
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (17)
-
arsenic ores (53)
-
base metals (5)
-
bismuth ores (6)
-
cadmium ores (1)
-
chromite ores (2)
-
cobalt ores (6)
-
copper ores (21)
-
gold ores (25)
-
iron ores (3)
-
lead ores (9)
-
lead-zinc deposits (4)
-
manganese ores (2)
-
mercury ores (6)
-
molybdenum ores (8)
-
nickel ores (6)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (5)
-
pyrite ores (1)
-
silver ores (10)
-
tin ores (6)
-
tungsten ores (7)
-
uranium ores (4)
-
zinc ores (15)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (33)
-
mineral exploration (3)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (6)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (11)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (6)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (6)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
antimony (2)
-
arsenic (8)
-
cadmium (1)
-
cobalt (1)
-
copper (1)
-
iron (1)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
mercury (2)
-
nickel (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (5)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
thallium (2)
-
tin (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (6)
-
-
trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (1)
-
Plantae (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
K/Ar (1)
-
Rb/Sr (2)
-
Re/Os (1)
-
Sm/Nd (1)
-
thermochronology (1)
-
U/Pb (2)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Redwall Limestone (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian (2)
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Skiddaw Slates (1)
-
-
Permian (2)
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (5)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Rooiberg Group (2)
-
-
-
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
granophyre (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
microgranite (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
pumice (1)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (2)
-
marbles (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (2)
-
-
schists (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
antimonides (1)
-
arsenates
-
beudantite (1)
-
mimetite (1)
-
scorodite (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (4)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
lollingite (1)
-
-
arsenites (3)
-
carbonates
-
calcite (1)
-
dolomite (1)
-
-
copper minerals (1)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (2)
-
mimetite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (1)
-
-
-
minerals (2)
-
oxides
-
cassiterite (2)
-
chromite (1)
-
goethite (2)
-
hematite (2)
-
limonite (1)
-
niobates
-
pyrochlore (1)
-
-
pitchblende (1)
-
senarmontite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
monazite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
nephrite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
diopside (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (4)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
phenakite group
-
willemite (1)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
tourmaline group (1)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
beudantite (1)
-
gypsum (1)
-
pickeringite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (4)
-
bornite (1)
-
cattierite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (1)
-
cinnabar (1)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
copper sulfides (1)
-
galena (1)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
linnaeite (1)
-
marcasite (1)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
orpiment (2)
-
pyrite (5)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
realgar (3)
-
siegenite (1)
-
stibnite (3)
-
vaesite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
bournonite (1)
-
kobellite (1)
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenates
-
enargite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
tennantite (1)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (3)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (3)
-
-
-
Morocco
-
Bou Azzer (2)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (3)
-
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China (1)
-
Japan
-
Ryukyu Islands
-
Okinawa (1)
-
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
-
-
Siberia (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
South Australia
-
Arrowie Basin (1)
-
Flinders Ranges (1)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Yilgarn Craton (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Otago Schist (1)
-
-
-
bacteria (1)
-
barite deposits (2)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Newfoundland (1)
-
-
Ontario
-
Kenora District Ontario (1)
-
-
Quebec
-
Gaspe Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
British Columbia (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
crust (4)
-
crystal chemistry (5)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
crystal structure (4)
-
deformation (5)
-
economic geology (9)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Balkan Peninsula (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Spessart (1)
-
-
-
Poland
-
Dolnoslaskie Poland
-
Zloty Stok Poland (1)
-
-
Polish Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Sudeten Mountains
-
Polish Sudeten Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (2)
-
Southern Europe
-
Bulgaria
-
Sredna Gora (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Piemonte Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia (2)
-
Vardar Zone (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Aude France
-
Salsigne Mine (1)
-
-
Central Massif
-
Montagne Noire (1)
-
-
Finistere France (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
Sweden
-
Skellefte mining district (3)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cumbria England (1)
-
South-West England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (5)
-
folds (2)
-
foliation (2)
-
fractures (3)
-
gems (1)
-
geochemistry (10)
-
geophysical methods (1)
-
ground water (2)
-
heat flow (2)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (6)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
granophyre (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
microgranite (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
pumice (1)
-
welded tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (9)
-
-
intrusions (9)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
-
D/H (6)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (9)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (6)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
magmas (5)
-
Mesozoic
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (17)
-
arsenic ores (53)
-
base metals (5)
-
bismuth ores (6)
-
cadmium ores (1)
-
chromite ores (2)
-
cobalt ores (6)
-
copper ores (21)
-
gold ores (25)
-
iron ores (3)
-
lead ores (9)
-
lead-zinc deposits (4)
-
manganese ores (2)
-
mercury ores (6)
-
molybdenum ores (8)
-
nickel ores (6)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (5)
-
pyrite ores (1)
-
silver ores (10)
-
tin ores (6)
-
tungsten ores (7)
-
uranium ores (4)
-
zinc ores (15)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
antimony (2)
-
arsenic (8)
-
cadmium (1)
-
cobalt (1)
-
copper (1)
-
iron (1)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
mercury (2)
-
nickel (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (5)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
thallium (2)
-
tin (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (2)
-
marbles (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (2)
-
-
schists (1)
-
-
metamorphism (9)
-
metasomatism (18)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (33)
-
mineral exploration (3)
-
minerals (2)
-
mining geology (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Superior Province
-
Uchi Subprovince (1)
-
-
-
-
ocean floors (1)
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
Vanuatu (1)
-
-
Micronesia
-
Mariana Islands (1)
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arsenic ores
Genesis of As-Pb-Rich Supergene Mineralization: The Tazalaght and Agoujgal Cu Deposits (Moroccan Anti-Atlas Copperbelt)
Mineralogy and Weathering of Realgar-rich Tailings At a Former As-Sb-Cr Mine At Lojane, North Macedonia
Fumarolic arsenates − a special type of arsenic mineralization
Comparison of the Allchar Au-As-Sb-Tl Deposit, Republic of Macedonia, with Carlin-Type Gold Deposits
Abstract The Allchar Au-As-Sb-Tl deposit is situated in the western part of the Vardar zone, the main suture zone along the contact between the Adriatic and the Eurasian tectonic plates. It is spatially and temporally associated with a Pliocene (~5 Ma) postcollisional high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic volcano-plutonic center. The Allchar deposit shares many distinctive features with Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada, including its location near a terrain-bounding fault in an area of low-magnitude extension and intense magmatism. The mineralization is mostly hosted in calcareous sedimentary rocks at intersections of high-angle faults in permeable stratigraphy. The alteration types (carbonate dissolution, silicification, and argillization), ore mineralogy (auriferous arsenian pyrite and marcasite, stibnite, realgar, orpiment, and lorandite), high Au/Ag ratios, and low base metal contents are also typical of Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada. However, the Allchar deposit differs from Nevada Carlin-type gold deposits as follows: it is an isolated Au prospect with a close spatial and temporal relationship to a shoshonitic volcano-plutonic center in a mineral belt dominated by intrusion-related Cu-Au porphyry, skarn, and hydrothermal polymetallic deposits. The deposit is clearly zoned (proximal Au-Sb to distal As-Tl), it has a significantly higher Tl content, trace elements in pyrite and marcasite are homogeneously distributed, and synore dolomitization is a widespread alteration type. Gold mineralization is most abundant in the southern part of the deposit. It occurs mostly as invisible Au in disseminated pyrite or marcasite and as rare native Au grains. Gold mineralization is accompanied by intense decarbonatization and silicification. Fluid inclusions and the hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblage indicate that Au was deposited from hot (>200°C), saline (up to ~21 wt % NaCl equiv), moderately acidic (pH <5) fluids that carried traces of magmatic H 2 S and CO 2 . In the calcareous host rocks, mixing of such fluids with cool, dilute, near-neutral groundwater triggered deposition of Au and Fe sulfides. In Tertiary tuff, isocon analysis shows that sulfidation of preexisting Fe minerals was a critical factor for deposition of Au and Fe sulfides. Antimony mineralization prevails in the central part of the deposit, and it is mostly associated with dark-gray to black jasperoid. Stibnite, the most common Sb mineral in the Allchar deposit, occurs as fine-grained disseminations in jasperoid and as fine- to coarsely crystalline masses that fill vugs and fracture zones lined with drusy quartz. Fluid inclusions entrapped by stibnite-bearing jasperoid, quartz, and calcite crystals suggest that stibnite was deposited from more dilute and cooled fluids (aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions: 6.0–3.5 wt % NaCl equiv, T h = 102°−125°C; aqueous fluid inclusions: 14.5 and 17.1 wt % NaCl equiv, T h = 120°−165°C). In contrast to stibnite, As sulfides (orpiment and realgar) and Tl mineralization are associated with argillic alteration. Fluid inclusions hosted by realgar, orpiment, dolomite, and lorandite record deposition from more dilute (2.6–6.9 wt % NaCl equiv) and relatively cold fluids (T H = 120°−152°C) enriched in K. Isocon diagrams show a tight link between Tl and the low-temperature argillic alteration as well as a significant correlation between Tl and K. The spatial relationship of Tl mineralization with dolomite suggests that Tl deposition was also promoted by neutralization of acidic fluids. The δ D and δ 18 O data obtained from gangue minerals and fluid inclusions indicate that magmatic fluid mixed with exchanged meteoric water at deep levels and with unexchanged meteoric water at shallow levels in the system. The δ 13 C and δ 18 O values of carbonate minerals and extracted fluid inclusions suggest mixing of carbonate rock buffered fluids with magmatic and atmospheric CO 2 . The sulfur isotope values of early disseminated pyrite and marcasite show that H 2 S was initially derived from diagenetic pyrite in sedimentary rocks. In contrast, Sb and As mineralization indicate a strong input of magmatic H 2 S during the main mineralization stage. Late-stage botryoidal pyrite and marcasite are depleted in 34 S, which indicates a diminishing magmatic influence and predominance of sulfur from sedimentary sources during the late-mineralization stage. Fractionation of isotopically light sulfide species from isotopically heavy sulfates due to oxidation under increased oxygen fugacity cannot be excluded.