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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cuanza Basin (1)
-
-
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Bohaiwan Basin (1)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
Ordos Basin (4)
-
Shandong China
-
Dongying Depression (1)
-
-
Xinjiang China
-
Kuqa Depression (1)
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India (1)
-
Pranhita-Godavari Valley (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Irish Sea (1)
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North Sea (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
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Angola Basin (1)
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Santos Basin (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Amadeus Basin (1)
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Western Australia (1)
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Papua New Guinea (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Ontario (2)
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Quebec (1)
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Nunavut (1)
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Western Canada
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British Columbia
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Vancouver British Columbia (1)
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Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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Lesser Antilles
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Barbados (1)
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Trinidad and Tobago
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Trinidad (1)
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Caribbean Mountain Range (1)
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Cascade Range (3)
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Columbia River basin (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Central Europe
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Italy
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Tuscany Italy (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Scandinavia
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Sweden (1)
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Wessex Basin (1)
-
-
Scotland
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
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Rhum (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
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Isle of Skye (1)
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Rhum (1)
-
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Front Range (1)
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Hartford Basin (1)
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Mexico
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Mill Creek (1)
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North America
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Saint Lawrence River (1)
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Transcontinental Arch (1)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea
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Qiongdongnan Basin (1)
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Yellow Sea
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Bohai Sea
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Bohai Bay (1)
-
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea
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Qiongdongnan Basin (1)
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Yellow Sea
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Bohai Sea
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Bohai Bay (1)
-
-
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-
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Peninsular Ranges (1)
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Richmond Basin (1)
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San Andreas Fault (3)
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San Joaquin Basin (3)
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South America
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Brazil (3)
-
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United States
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Alabama
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Mobile County Alabama (1)
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Arizona (1)
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
California
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Central California (2)
-
Fresno County California (1)
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Kern County California (4)
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Riverside County California (2)
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Colorado
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La Plata County Colorado (1)
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Colorado Plateau (2)
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Connecticut
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Hartford County Connecticut (1)
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New Haven County Connecticut (1)
-
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Dan River basin (1)
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Illinois
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Champaign County Illinois (1)
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Illinois Basin (1)
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Louisiana (2)
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Massachusetts (1)
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Midwest (1)
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Mississippi
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Rankin County Mississippi (1)
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-
Montana
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Bridger Range (2)
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Gallatin County Montana (2)
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Meagher County Montana (1)
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Park County Montana (2)
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North Carolina (1)
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Oklahoma
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Paradox Basin (2)
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Texas
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Austin County Texas (1)
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Brazoria County Texas (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Virginia (2)
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Washington
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King County Washington (1)
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Whatcom County Washington (1)
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Western U.S. (1)
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Wyoming
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commodities
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petroleum
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tight sands (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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isotope ratios (5)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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O-18/O-16 (6)
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metals
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alkali metals
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potassium (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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calcium (1)
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aluminum (1)
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chromium (1)
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iron
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ferric iron (1)
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ferrous iron (1)
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lead (1)
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nickel (1)
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (6)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Placodermi (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia (1)
-
-
-
-
microfossils (2)
-
palynomorphs (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
fission-track dating (1)
-
K/Ar (2)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Rb/Sr (1)
-
U/Pb (2)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (3)
-
Pleistocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Stevens Sandstone (1)
-
upper Miocene (5)
-
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Chuckanut Formation (1)
-
Chumstick Formation (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Wind River Formation (1)
-
-
Swauk Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene
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Rupelian (1)
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Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Laramie Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Portland Formation (1)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Fulmar Formation (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Yanchang Formation (3)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Eau Claire Formation (1)
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Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
Pilgrim Formation (2)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Minturn Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
New Albany Shale (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Maquoketa Formation (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Cutler Formation (2)
-
Lower Permian (1)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
Shanxi Formation (1)
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Huronian
-
Gowganda Formation (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Brioverian (1)
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Torridonian (2)
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-
Pretoria Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (1)
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granites (5)
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granodiorites (1)
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-
porphyry (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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basalts (1)
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dacites (1)
-
pyroclastics
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tuff (1)
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rhyolites (1)
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-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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gneisses
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orthogneiss (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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meta-arkose (1)
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metavolcanic rocks (1)
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schists (1)
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slates (1)
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turbidite (1)
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minerals
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carbonates
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ankerite (2)
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calcite (5)
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dolomite (1)
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siderite (1)
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sphaerosiderite (1)
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minerals (2)
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oxides
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chromite (1)
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hematite (1)
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iron oxides (1)
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rutile (1)
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uraninite (1)
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phosphates (1)
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silicates
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aluminosilicates (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (6)
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microcline (1)
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plagioclase
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albite (2)
-
-
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silica minerals
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quartz (14)
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zeolite group (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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olivine group
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olivine (1)
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zircon group
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coffinite (1)
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zircon (4)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
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chlorite group
-
chlorite (7)
-
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clay minerals
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beidellite (1)
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dickite (1)
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kaolinite (9)
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montmorillonite (2)
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saponite (1)
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smectite (6)
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vermiculite (1)
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corrensite (1)
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illite (10)
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mica group
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biotite (1)
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glauconite (2)
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palygorskite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
serpentine (2)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
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anhydrite (1)
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barite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
pyrite (2)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (5)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cuanza Basin (1)
-
-
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Bohaiwan Basin (1)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
Ordos Basin (4)
-
Shandong China
-
Dongying Depression (1)
-
-
Xinjiang China
-
Kuqa Depression (1)
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India (1)
-
Pranhita-Godavari Valley (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Mexico (1)
-
Irish Sea (1)
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Angola Basin (1)
-
Santos Basin (1)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Amadeus Basin (1)
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
-
biogeography (1)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario (2)
-
Quebec (1)
-
-
Nunavut (1)
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia
-
Vancouver British Columbia (1)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Barbados (1)
-
Trinidad and Tobago
-
Trinidad (1)
-
-
-
-
Caribbean Mountain Range (1)
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (3)
-
Pleistocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Challis Volcanics (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Stevens Sandstone (1)
-
upper Miocene (5)
-
-
Pliocene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Chuckanut Formation (1)
-
Chumstick Formation (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Wind River Formation (1)
-
-
Swauk Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Placodermi (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia (1)
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (10)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (1)
-
-
continental shelf (1)
-
crystal structure (1)
-
deformation (3)
-
diagenesis (28)
-
diamond deposits (1)
-
economic geology (3)
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energy sources (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
French Alps (1)
-
Prealps (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Switzerland (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Iberian Massif (1)
-
Spain
-
Madrid Basin (1)
-
Madrid Spain (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Tuscany Italy (1)
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Brittany (1)
-
Central Massif (1)
-
French Alps (1)
-
Loire-Atlantique France (1)
-
Maine-et-Loire France (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Sweden (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Wessex Basin (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
Rhum (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
Rhum (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (10)
-
folds (6)
-
foliation (2)
-
fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (7)
-
geomorphology (1)
-
geophysical methods (3)
-
glacial geology (1)
-
ground water (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
granites (5)
-
granodiorites (1)
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts (1)
-
dacites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (4)
-
-
intrusions (6)
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (3)
-
O-18/O-16 (6)
-
-
-
magmas (1)
-
maps (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Laramie Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Portland Formation (1)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Fulmar Formation (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Yanchang Formation (3)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
gold ores (1)
-
silver ores (1)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
alkali metals
-
potassium (1)
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium (1)
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
chromium (1)
-
iron
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead (1)
-
nickel (1)
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
meta-arkose (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
schists (1)
-
slates (1)
-
-
metamorphism (5)
-
metasomatism (12)
-
Mexico
-
Chiapas Mexico (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
mineral resources (1)
-
mineralogy (1)
-
minerals (2)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Piedmont (1)
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (5)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Northern Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Bridger Range (2)
-
Gore Range (1)
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Saint Lawrence River (1)
-
Straight Creek Fault (1)
-
Transcontinental Arch (1)
-
-
oil and gas fields (4)
-
orogeny (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (6)
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
North Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
South China Sea
-
Qiongdongnan Basin (1)
-
-
Yellow Sea
-
Bohai Sea
-
Bohai Bay (1)
-
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
South China Sea
-
Qiongdongnan Basin (1)
-
-
Yellow Sea
-
Bohai Sea
-
Bohai Bay (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
paleoclimatology (1)
-
paleogeography (3)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
Middle Cambrian
-
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arkose
Petrography and geochemical characteristics of Chang 7 sandstone in Yanhe profile, Ordos Basin: Implication for paleoenvironment and tectonic background
Controls on abnormally high porosity in a deep burial reservoir of the Lingshui Formation in the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
Multimineral diagenetic forward modeling for reservoir quality prediction in complex siliciclastic reservoirs
Diagenetic sequences of continuously deposited tight sandstones in various environments: A case study from upper Paleozoic sandstones in the Linxing area, eastern Ordos basin, China
Provenance and alteration of feldspathic and quartzose sediments in southern Mexico: An application of Krynine’s hypothesis on second-cycle arkose
ABSTRACT In 1935, Krynine postulated that first-cycle arkose in the humid tropical setting of southern Mexico can be rapidly eroded with minimal chemical weathering and redeposited as second-cycle arkose. Modern quantitative data confirm this hypothesis and highlight exceptions where first-cycle arkosic sediments have been diagenetically altered by intense weathering to yield second-cycle quartz arenites. In this study, extensive sampling of upland source rocks and their derived sediments provided a robust data set with which to quantitatively evaluate the composition and provenance of Holocene sediments. Three upland source terrains were identified: Paleozoic crystalline basement of the Chiapas Massif; Mesozoic to Cenozoic siliciclastic and carbonate rocks of the Chiapas fold belt; and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the foothills of the fold belt. Holocene sediments from these source terrains are grouped into seven facies (A–G) based on their provenance and geographic location. Facies A consists of feldspathic sediments from the Mezcalapa-Grijalva River that are sourced from the Chiapas Massif. Facies B consists of lithic-rich sediments from the same area that are derived from the Chiapas fold belt. Facies A and B consist predominantly of first-cycle sand capable of yielding arkosic deposits. Facies C represents a mixture of Facies A and B sands deposited along the course of the Mezcalapa-Grijalva River. Facies D (from Rio Sierra) and Facies E (from Rio Pedregal) represent second-cycle feldspathic sands of the coastal-plain delta and were derived from Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the foothills. Mild chemical weathering due to rapid mechanical erosion enabled the creation of these arkosic deposits. They are less feldspathic than their parents and have limited occurrence due to mixing with less feldspathic first-cycle sands downstream from their sources. Facies F (from Rio Zanapa) and Facies G (from Lagunas Rosario and Enmedio) represent second-cycle quartzose sands of the low-lying savanna that were also derived from Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the foothills of the fold belt. Intense, long-term (>10,000 yr) chemical weathering of these sands has precluded the formation of arkoses, instead yielding quartz arenites. They are more weathered than the delta sands (Facies D, E) with a greater loss of feldspar and carbonate detritus. They are enriched in silica and depleted in alumina, CaO, Na 2 O, and K 2 O relative to Facies A arkoses due to loss of feldspars and mafic minerals. Second-cycle sediments eroded from Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the foothills (Facies D–G) contain detrital serpentine and chromite with high abundances of Cr and Ni, suggesting an ultramafic component in their provenance. Cr and Ni are effective tracers for second-cycle components in sands of mixed provenance.
Petrography, fluid-inclusion, isotope, and trace-element constraints on the origin of quartz cementation and feldspar dissolution and the associated fluid evolution in arkosic sandstones
Abstract: The Vedder (Oligocene) and Kreyenhagen (Eocene) sandstones at the Greeley oil field consist of arkosic to subarkosic arenites and wackes deposited in shallow marine environments. Burial depths of the Vedder sandstones exceed 3150 m and the reservoir temperature is 124°C. The Kreyenhagen sandstones are buried to greater than 3920 m and the reservoir temperature is estimated to be c. 135°C. These sandstones are currently at or very near their deepest burial depths. The textural relationships of the diagenetic minerals suggest syndepositional formation of glauconite, phosphate and pyrite, followed by early precipitation of pore-lining clay coatings and carbonate cements along with framework-grain fracturing and possibly dissolution. With increasing burial, dissolution of the framework grains continued, accompanied by the albitization of feldspars, the formation of K-feldspar and quartz overgrowths, the precipitation of kaolinite and other clays and possibly the precipitation of late carbonate cements. Finally, hydrocarbon migration and the formation of pyrite occurred during late diagenesis. Porosity preservation and reservoir quality are primarily the result of plagioclase dissolution occurring as the strata approached their current burial depths. Mass balance calculations indicate the significant export of aluminium out of the sands. Thus secondary porosity produced by plagioclase dissolution has replaced the primary porosity destroyed by compaction, and now accounts for the majority of the porosity in these rocks.
Deep burial diagenesis and reservoir quality evolution of high-temperature, high-pressure sandstones: Examples from Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Keshen area, Kuqa depression, Tarim basin of China
Geochemical evidence for oil and gas expulsion in Triassic lacustrine organic-rich mudstone, Ordos Basin, China
Facies, rock attributes, stratigraphy, and depositional environments: Yanchang Formation, Central Ordos Basin, China
The detrital record of Cretaceous to Pliocene sandstones across the NE South American margin
Stratigraphy, petrography, and depositional history of the Ignacio Quartzite and McCracken Sandstone Member of the Elbert Formation, southwestern Colorado, U.S.A.
Feldspar dissolution, authigenic clays, and quartz cements in open and closed sandstone geochemical systems during diagenesis: Typical examples from two sags in Bohai Bay Basin, East China
A scaling law to characterize fault-damage zones at reservoir depths
Paleogene rim gravel of Arizona: Age and significance of the Music Mountain Formation
Tertiary stratigraphy and structure of the eastern flank of the Cascade Range, Washington
Abstract A ruling hypothesis for the central Cascade Range in Washington is that the Eocene arkosic formations, which are kilometers thick, were deposited in local grabens, such as the Chumstick Formation in the putative Chiwaukum graben. However, the formations are regional in extent and are preserved in less extensive northwesttrending synclines. The Chumstick Formation in the Peshastin syncline is a more proximal equivalent of the Roslyn Formation, which is preserved in the Kittitas Valley syncline 25 km to the southwest. The Chiwaukum structural low is partially bounded on the southwest by the Leavenworth fault zone, which consists of northwesterly striking, northeasterly verging reverse faults (with associated northwest-striking folds). The reverse faults and the hinges of the folds are cut by N-S, dextral strike-slip faults, which also partially bound the Chiwaukum structural low. Conglomeratic units in the Chumstick Formation are not proximal to either set of bounding faults. The Leavenworth fault occurs on the steeper northeastern limb of a northwesterly trending, basement-cored anticline. The Eagle Creek and Ainsley Canyon anticlines also have reverse faults on their steeper northeastern limbs. In the Puget Lowland, the Seattle reverse fault is in a similar anticline. The regional distribution of the Eocene formations and uplift of the Cascade Range are caused by folding of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group since 4 Ma. The remnant of a 4 Ma andesite on Natapoc Mountain shows that the present low topography of the Chiwaukum structural low is erosional and young.