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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
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East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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High Atlas (1)
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-
-
Morocco
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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High Atlas (1)
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Southern Africa
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Karoo Basin (1)
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Lesotho (1)
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Namaqualand (1)
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South Africa
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Cape Province region (1)
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Free State South Africa (2)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
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West Africa
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Guinea (1)
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Liberia (1)
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Mali (1)
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Mauritanides (1)
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Senegal (1)
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American River (1)
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Arctic region (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (1)
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Far East
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China
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Datong China (1)
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Middle East
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Vilyuy River basin (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Tyumen Russian Federation
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Mexico
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Western U.S. (2)
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stable isotopes
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nitrogen (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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sulfur
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fossils
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Vertebrata
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Mammalia
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Graptolithina (2)
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Invertebrata
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Echinodermata
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Radiolaria (3)
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microfossils
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Conodonta (3)
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Fusulinidae (2)
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palynomorphs
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pollen (1)
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Plantae
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Dalradian (2)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Franciscan Complex (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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upper Mesozoic (1)
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Paleozoic
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Orr Formation (3)
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Carboniferous
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Madison Group (1)
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Pennsylvanian (1)
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Schoonover Sequence (1)
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Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Upper Devonian (4)
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lower Paleozoic (4)
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middle Paleozoic (2)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician
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Martinsburg Formation (1)
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Permian
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Maokou Formation (1)
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Shoo Fly Complex (3)
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Llandovery (1)
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upper Paleozoic
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Dwyka Formation (1)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Gowganda Formation (5)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Yellowjacket Formation (1)
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igneous rocks
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ophiolite (2)
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volcanic ash (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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slates (6)
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silicates
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silica minerals
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quartz (4)
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zeolite group (1)
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orthosilicates
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zircon (8)
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sheet silicates
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illite (5)
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sulfosalts
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-
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sulfarsenites
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tennantite (1)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (13)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (1)
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Ethiopia (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Morocco
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
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-
-
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Southern Africa
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Karoo Basin (1)
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Lesotho (1)
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Namaqualand (1)
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South Africa
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Cape Province region (1)
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Free State South Africa (2)
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West Africa
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Guinea (1)
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Mali (1)
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Mauritanides (1)
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Senegal (1)
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Arctic region (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Kuwait (1)
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Oman
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Oman Mountains (1)
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Far East
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China
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Radiolaria (3)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (3)
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maps (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Franciscan Complex (1)
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Jurassic
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Lockatong Formation (1)
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metal ores
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Mexico
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North America
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O-18/O-16 (3)
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Pacific Ocean
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West Pacific
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paleoclimatology (2)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Orr Formation (3)
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Carboniferous
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Kinderhookian (1)
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Lodgepole Formation (1)
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Madison Group (1)
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Upper Mississippian
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Pennsylvanian (1)
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Schoonover Sequence (1)
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Devonian
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Permian
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Maokou Formation (1)
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Shoo Fly Complex (3)
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Llandovery (1)
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upper Paleozoic
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Dwyka Formation (1)
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palynomorphs
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Plantae
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic
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Paleoproterozoic (5)
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sedimentation (24)
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soils
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South America
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stratigraphy (33)
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sedimentary rocks
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limestone
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calcilutite (1)
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micrite (1)
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oolitic limestone (1)
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packstone (1)
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wackestone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (14)
-
-
clastic rocks
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arenite
-
quartz arenite (2)
-
-
argillite (119)
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arkose (1)
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bentonite (2)
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black shale (2)
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cinerite (1)
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conglomerate (14)
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diamictite (6)
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diatomite (1)
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graywacke (8)
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marl (1)
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mudstone (10)
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orthoquartzite (1)
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sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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graded bedding (3)
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planar bedding structures
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cross-bedding (3)
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cross-laminations (1)
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cross-stratification (1)
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laminations (5)
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massive bedding (1)
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rhythmic bedding (2)
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rhythmite (2)
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varves (4)
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-
secondary structures
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concretions (2)
-
-
seismites (1)
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soft sediment deformation
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clastic dikes (1)
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olistostromes (3)
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-
turbidity current structures (3)
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
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clastic sediments
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clay (3)
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mud (1)
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sand (2)
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-
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turbidite (14)
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volcaniclastics (4)
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soils
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Oxisols (1)
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paleosols (1)
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soils
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Ultisols (1)
-
-
argillite
Pyrite stability and chalcophile element mobility in a hot Eocene forearc of the Pacific Rim Terrane, Vancouver Island, Canada
Plastic behaviour of clay materials for the manufacture of fast-drying red ceramics
Geochemical characteristics and indication of graphite deposits in Xinrong Region, Shanxi, China
Characterization and use of clays and argillites from the south of Santa Catarina State, Brazil, for the manufacture of clay ceramics
Abstract As the functionality and speed of 3-D geologic modeling software have improved over the last 30 years, it has become a core tool for identifying, understanding, and modeling the structural controls on ore deposits. This chapter attempts to summarize some of the key considerations involved in the 3-D modeling of structurally controlled ore deposits and establishes a basic three-step workflow that can be applied to almost any deposit style: establish a geologic framework through field work and 3-D visualization, model the project-scale geology, and finally identify, model, and understand the controls on ore shoots. Importantly, the geologic understanding of a project is not a static concept. Each step in the modeling process should add to it, highlighting which aspects of the model fit the current geologic understanding, and thus increase confidence, and which require further review and possible modification. This chapter also provides guidance on preparing data for 3-D modeling, basic 3-D visualization techniques, selecting a modeling approach, and model validation, as well as commentary on some of the more common pitfalls encountered in 3-D modeling. Finally, case studies of the Tuzon gold deposit in Liberia and the Yalea gold deposit in Mali are provided as examples of the process involved in building a 3-D geologic model, from field work to final model.
Sedimentation, earthquakes, and tsunamis in a shallow, muddy epeiric sea: Grinnell Formation (Belt Supergroup, ca. 1.45 Ga), western North America
Lead Isotope Geochemistry of Shales from the Wolverine Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit, Yukon: Implications for Pb Isotope Vectoring in Exhalative Ore Systems
ABSTRACT The Sierra Nevada batholith of California represents the intrusive footprint of composite Mesozoic Cordilleran arcs built through pre-Mesozoic strata exposed in isolated pendants. Neoproterozoic to Permian strata, which formed the prebatholithic framework of the Sierran arc, were emplaced against the tectonically reorganized SW Laurentian continental margin in the late Paleozoic, culminating with final collapse of the fringing McCloud arc against SW Laurentia. Synthesis of 22 new and 135 existing detrital zircon U/Pb geochronology sample analyses clarifies the provenance, affinity, and history of Sierra Nevada framework rocks. Framework strata comprise terranes with distinct postdepositional histories and detrital zircon provenance that form three broad groups: allochthonous Neoproterozoic to lower Paleozoic strata with interpreted sediment sources from Idaho to northern British Columbia; Neoproterozoic to Permian strata parautochthonous to SW Laurentia; and middle to upper Paleozoic deposits related to the fringing McCloud arc. Only three sedimentary packages potentially contain detritus from rocks exotic to western Laurentia: the Sierra City mélange, chert-argillite unit, and Twin Lakes assemblage. We reject previous correlations of eastern Sierra Nevada strata with the Roberts Mountains and Golconda allochthons and find no evidence that these allochthons ever extended westward across Owens Valley. Snow Lake terrane detrital ages are consistent with interpreted provenance over a wide range from the Mojave Desert to central Idaho. The composite detrital zircon population of all analyses from pre-Mesozoic Sierran framework rocks is indistinguishable from that of the Neoproterozoic to Permian SW Laurentian margin, providing a strong link, in aggregate, between these strata and western Laurentia. These findings support interpretations that the Sierran arc was built into thick sediments underpinned by transitional to continental western Laurentian lithosphere. Thus, the Mesozoic Sierra Nevada arc is native to the SW Cordilleran margin, with the Sierran framework emplaced along SW Laurentia prior to Permian–Triassic initiation of Cordilleran arc activity.