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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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upper Quaternary (2)
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Siwalik System (1)
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Asmari Formation (2)
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upper Cenozoic (3)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (2)
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Shuaiba Formation (6)
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Silurian
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upper Precambrian
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sulfates
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sulfides
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pyrite (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (17)
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Africa
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Afar (3)
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East Africa
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biogeography (7)
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carbon
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Caribbean region
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Bahamas (1)
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Cenozoic
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Allerod (1)
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Bolling (1)
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-
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upper Quaternary (2)
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Siwalik System (1)
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Tertiary
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Asmari Formation (2)
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Neogene
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Capistrano Formation (1)
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Miocene
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lower Miocene
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Aquitanian (1)
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Burdigalian (1)
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middle Miocene (2)
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upper Miocene
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Baynunah Formation (1)
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (2)
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upper Pliocene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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Dammam Formation (1)
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upper Eocene (2)
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Oligocene
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lower Oligocene (1)
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene (1)
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
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upper Cenozoic (3)
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Central America
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Belize (1)
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chemical analysis (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Primates
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Hominidae
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Homo
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Homo sapiens (1)
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-
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-
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clay mineralogy (2)
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climate change (10)
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construction materials
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continental drift (1)
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data processing (13)
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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Leg 23
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DSDP Site 219 (2)
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DSDP Site 222 (1)
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DSDP Site 224 (1)
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Leg 24
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DSDP Site 231 (2)
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Leg 29
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DSDP Site 277 (1)
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deformation (13)
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diagenesis (23)
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earthquakes (9)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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ecology (6)
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Europe
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ichnofossils (2)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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basalts
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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olivine basalt (1)
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basanite (1)
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trachyandesites (1)
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-
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (3)
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Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
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Gulf of Aden
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Gulf of Tadjoura (7)
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Gulf of Cambay (5)
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Gulf of Oman (8)
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Indus Fan (26)
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Persian Gulf
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Khor al Bazam (3)
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Bay of Bengal (2)
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Bengal Fan (4)
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Carlsberg Ridge (2)
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Exmouth Plateau (1)
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Red Sea
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Gulf of Suez (1)
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Expedition 317 (1)
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Expedition 335 (1)
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Expedition 339 (1)
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-
intrusions (2)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Malacostraca (1)
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-
-
-
Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Rhynchonellida (1)
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Terebratulida (1)
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-
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Scleractinia
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Porites (1)
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-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
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Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (1)
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Holothuroidea (1)
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-
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Rudistae (2)
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-
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (1)
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-
-
Gastropoda
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Pteropoda (1)
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-
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Porifera
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Demospongea (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Miliolina
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Miliolacea (1)
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Rotaliina
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Buliminacea
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Bulimina (1)
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-
Globigerinacea
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Globigerinidae
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Globigerina
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Globigerina bulloides (3)
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-
Globigerinoides
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Globigerinoides ruber (4)
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-
-
Neogloboquadrina
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Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (3)
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Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (1)
-
-
-
Rotaliacea
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Nummulitidae (1)
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-
-
Textulariina
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Ammodiscacea
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Ammodiscidae (1)
-
-
Lituolacea
-
Orbitolinidae
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Orbitolina (2)
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-
-
-
-
-
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (6)
-
Cs-137 (1)
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Pb-210 (1)
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Th-230 (1)
-
tritium (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (18)
-
Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (1)
-
D/H (3)
-
deuterium (2)
-
Fe-56 (1)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (23)
-
S-34/S-32 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
lava (1)
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magmas (3)
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mantle (8)
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maps (1)
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marine geology (6)
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marine installations (1)
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Mediterranean region (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Adriatic Sea (2)
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-
West Mediterranean
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Gulf of Lion (1)
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-
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (2)
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Aptian
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Shuaiba Formation (6)
-
-
Barremian (2)
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Hauterivian (1)
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Thamama Group (1)
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Valanginian (1)
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Zubair Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (4)
-
Natih Formation (2)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (1)
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Cenomanian (2)
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Senonian (2)
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Turonian (3)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
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Toarcian (1)
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upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (5)
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Hanifa Formation (1)
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-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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-
-
-
metal ores
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lead ores (1)
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lead-zinc deposits (1)
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zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
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thorium
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Th-230 (1)
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-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (1)
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potassium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (1)
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calcium
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Ca-44/Ca-40 (1)
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Mg/Ca (1)
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-
magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
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iron
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Fe-56 (1)
-
-
lead
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Pb-210 (1)
-
-
rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
-
-
-
metasomatism (2)
-
Mexico
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Yucatan Mexico (1)
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-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
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minerals (2)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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-
North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (1)
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Michigan Basin (1)
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Strait of Georgia (1)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
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-
ocean circulation (2)
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Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 117
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ODP Site 722 (4)
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ODP Site 723 (2)
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ODP Site 724 (1)
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ODP Site 725 (1)
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ODP Site 726 (1)
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ODP Site 727 (1)
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ODP Site 728 (1)
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ODP Site 729 (1)
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ODP Site 730 (2)
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ODP Site 731 (1)
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-
Leg 119
-
ODP Site 738 (1)
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ODP Site 744 (1)
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-
Leg 121
-
ODP Site 758 (1)
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-
Leg 122
-
ODP Site 763 (1)
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-
Leg 146
-
ODP Site 893 (1)
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-
-
ocean floors (13)
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ocean waves (2)
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Oceania
-
Kiribati
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Fanning Island (1)
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Polynesia
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Line Islands
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Fanning Island (1)
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-
-
-
oceanography (15)
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oil and gas fields (27)
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orogeny (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (23)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Astoria Canyon (1)
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Guatemala Basin (1)
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Gulf of California (2)
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Monterey Fan (1)
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Panama Basin (1)
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Astoria Canyon (1)
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Guatemala Basin (1)
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Gulf of California (2)
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Monterey Fan (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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East China Sea (1)
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-
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South Pacific
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Campbell Plateau (1)
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-
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West Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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Campbell Plateau (1)
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Sunda Shelf (1)
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paleoclimatology (29)
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paleoecology (9)
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paleomagnetism (3)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian (1)
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Carboniferous
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Mississippian (1)
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Devonian (2)
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Ordovician (1)
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Permian
-
Gharif Formation (1)
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Guadalupian (1)
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Khuff Formation (5)
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Lower Permian
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Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
-
Unayzah Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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-
-
Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery (1)
-
-
-
-
palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (3)
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-
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paragenesis (1)
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petroleum
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natural gas (14)
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petrology (4)
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Phanerozoic (3)
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phase equilibria (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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calcareous algae (1)
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Coccolithophoraceae (2)
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diatoms (1)
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nannofossils (5)
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Spermatophyta
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Gymnospermae
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Gnetales (1)
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-
-
-
plate tectonics (40)
-
pollution (2)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Neoproterozoic
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Infracambrian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
reefs (6)
-
remote sensing (9)
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reservoirs (1)
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sea water (9)
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sea-floor spreading (5)
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sea-level changes (16)
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sedimentary petrology (10)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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chalk (1)
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dolostone (6)
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grainstone (4)
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limestone (6)
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packstone (3)
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wackestone (3)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites
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salt (4)
-
-
silcrete (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
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conglomerate (1)
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eolianite (1)
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fanglomerate (1)
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (5)
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sandstone (6)
-
shale (6)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
grooves (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal mats (1)
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-
bioherms (1)
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bioturbation (2)
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microbial mats (1)
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stromatolites (3)
-
-
graded bedding (1)
-
planar bedding structures
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laminations (1)
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sand bodies (2)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (42)
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (9)
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clastic sediments
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clay (2)
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dust (1)
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sand (9)
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silt (2)
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marine sediments (30)
-
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seismology (5)
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South America
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Brazil (2)
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Southern Ocean (1)
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spectroscopy (3)
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structural analysis (4)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (2)
-
-
symposia (2)
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United States
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Los Angeles County California
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USSR (1)
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X-ray analysis (1)
-
-
rock formations
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Deccan Traps (6)
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Huqf Supergroup (2)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
caliche (1)
-
floatstone (1)
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flysch (1)
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-
oolite (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (1)
-
dolostone (6)
-
grainstone (4)
-
limestone (6)
-
packstone (3)
-
wackestone (3)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites
-
salt (4)
-
-
silcrete (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
conglomerate (1)
-
eolianite (1)
-
fanglomerate (1)
-
marl (1)
-
mudstone (5)
-
sandstone (6)
-
shale (6)
-
-
-
shell beds (1)
-
siliciclastics (7)
-
turbidite (10)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
borings (1)
-
burrows (1)
-
channels (3)
-
coprolites (1)
-
laminite (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
bedding plane irregularities
-
grooves (1)
-
-
biogenic structures
-
algal structures
-
algal mats (1)
-
-
bioherms (1)
-
bioturbation (2)
-
microbial mats (1)
-
stromatolites (3)
-
-
graded bedding (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
laminations (1)
-
sand bodies (2)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
striations (1)
-
-
sediments
-
oolite (1)
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (9)
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (2)
-
dust (1)
-
sand (9)
-
silt (2)
-
-
marine sediments (30)
-
-
shell beds (1)
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siliciclastics (7)
-
turbidite (10)
-
-
soils
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paleosols (1)
-
Arabian Sea
Erosion of the Himalaya-Karakoram recorded by Indus Fan deposits since the Oligocene
Bidentoquinqueloculina Amaoi n. Gen., n. sp., a New Recent Miliolid Foraminifer from the Arabian Gulf
Marine sedimentary records of chemical weathering evolution in the western Himalaya since 17 Ma
Seismic detection and characterization of a man-made karst analog — A feasibility study
Gulf of Aden spreading does not conform to triple-junction formation
Robust estimation of primaries by sparse inversion and Marchenko equation-based workflow for multiple suppression in the case of a shallow water layer and a complex overburden: A 2D case study in the Arabian Gulf
Provenance of Cenozoic Indus Fan Sediments (IODP Sites U1456 and U1457)
Workflow model for the digitization of mudrocks
Abstract Mudrocks are highly heterogeneous in a range of physical and chemical properties, including: porosity and permeability, fissility, colour, particle composition, size, orientation, carbon loading, degree of compaction, and diagenetic overprint. It is therefore important that the maximum information be extracted as efficiently and completely as possible. This can be accomplished through high-resolution analysis of polished thin sections by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the collection of large-area images and X-ray elemental map montages, and the application of targeted particle analysis. A workflow model, based on these techniques, for the digitization of mudrocks is presented herein. A range of the data that can be collected and the variety of analyses that can be achieved are also illustrated. Data collection is discussed in terms of inherent problems with acquisition, storage, transfer and manipulation, which can be time-consuming and non-trivial. Similar information and resolutions can be achieved through other techniques, such as QEMSCAN and infra-red (IR)/Raman spectroscopic mapping. These can be seen as complementary to the workflow described herein.