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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (2)
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Central Africa
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Angola
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Cuanza Basin (1)
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-
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Congo Craton (1)
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East Africa
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Afar Depression (3)
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Ethiopia
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Awash Valley (1)
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Omo Valley (1)
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Ethiopian Rift (5)
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (5)
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Lake Magadi (1)
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Turkana District (1)
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Lake Turkana (5)
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Malawi (1)
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Mozambique (1)
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Sudan (1)
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Tanzania
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Olduvai Gorge (2)
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Turkana Basin (5)
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East African Lakes
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Lake Magadi (1)
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Lake Turkana (5)
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East African Rift (8)
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Gregory Rift (2)
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Lebombo Mountains (1)
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Limpopo Belt (4)
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Madagascar
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Mahajanga Basin (1)
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Mozambique Belt (1)
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North Africa
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Algeria
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Ahaggar (1)
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Kabylia (1)
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (2)
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High Atlas (1)
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Egypt
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Eastern Desert (1)
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Morocco
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (2)
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High Atlas (1)
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Rif
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Beni Bouchera (1)
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Red Sea Hills (1)
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Sahara (1)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana (2)
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Gariep Belt (1)
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Kaapvaal Craton (15)
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Kalahari Craton (1)
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Karoo Basin (6)
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Lesotho (1)
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Namaqualand (4)
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Namibia
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Damara Belt (1)
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Kaoko Belt (2)
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (6)
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Cape Province region (1)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (2)
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Free State South Africa
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Vredefort Dome (2)
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Gauteng South Africa
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Johannesburg South Africa (2)
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KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
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Tugela Basin (1)
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Limpopo South Africa (1)
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Mpumalanga South Africa
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Barberton Mountain Land (1)
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Northern Cape Province South Africa
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Kimberley South Africa (1)
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Transvaal region (3)
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Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Witwatersrand (1)
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Zimbabwe (1)
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West Africa
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Benue Valley (1)
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Burkina Faso (1)
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Chad (1)
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Ghana (1)
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Guinea (2)
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Ivory Coast (1)
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Liberia (3)
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Mauritania
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Richat Mountain (1)
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Niger (1)
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Nigeria (1)
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Senegal (2)
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Sierra Leone (1)
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West African Shield (1)
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Alexander Terrane (5)
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Alpine Fault (3)
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Antarctica
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East Antarctic ice sheet (3)
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Antarctic Peninsula
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Graham Land (1)
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Coats Land (1)
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James Ross Island (2)
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Marie Byrd Land (6)
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Queen Maud Land
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Transantarctic Mountains
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Victoria Land
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Arctic Ocean
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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East Greenland (18)
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Peary Land (2)
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Jan Mayen (1)
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Russian Arctic
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Svalbard
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Arran (1)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Gorny Altai (11)
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Central Asia
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Pamirs (3)
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Chukotka Russian Federation
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Far East
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Hubei China
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Hunan China (4)
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Inner Mongolia China (6)
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Kunlun Mountains (4)
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Liaoning China
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Longmenshan (1)
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North China Platform (13)
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Qaidam Basin (3)
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Qilian Mountains (3)
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Qinghai China (2)
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Qinling Mountains (6)
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Shaanxi China (1)
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Shandong China
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Shandong Peninsula (4)
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Sichuan Basin (2)
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Sichuan China
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Songliao Basin (1)
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South China Block (7)
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Tarim Platform (2)
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Tongbai Mountains (2)
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Xinjiang China
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Junggar (3)
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Xizang China
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Gangdese Belt (4)
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Lhasa Block (6)
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Yangtze Platform (5)
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Yunnan China
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Indochina (2)
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Indonesia
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Sumatra
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Japan
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Korea
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Lesser Sunda Islands
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Mongolia
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Hangay Mountains (2)
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Thailand
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Vietnam (8)
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Gobi Desert (3)
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India
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Gujarat India
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Himachal Pradesh India
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Madhya Pradesh India
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Maharashtra India
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Narmada-Son Lineament (1)
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Northeastern India
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Arunachal Pradesh India (2)
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Orissa India (1)
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Son Valley (1)
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Uttar Pradesh India (3)
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Garhwal Himalayas (6)
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Garhwal India (1)
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West Bengal India
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Darjeeling India (1)
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Raniganj India (1)
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Indian Shield (2)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Kashmir (5)
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Kohistan (3)
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Nepal (20)
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Pakistan
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Baluchistan Pakistan (1)
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Potwar Plateau (2)
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Indus River (4)
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Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (6)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Karakoram (7)
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Kemerovo Russian Federation
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Shoriya Mountains (1)
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Khakasiya Russian Federation (4)
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Khamar-Daban Range (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Kurgan Russian Federation (2)
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Tomsk Russian Federation (2)
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Tuva Russian Federation
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Uzbekistan
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Atlantic region (7)
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Australasia
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New Zealand
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Quebec
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Thetford Mines (1)
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-
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Elzevir Terrane (1)
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Southern U.S. (2)
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Texas
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Vermont
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placers (2)
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elements, isotopes
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boron
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (43)
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C-14 (15)
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organic carbon (2)
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chemical ratios (12)
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halogens
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chlorine
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Cl-36 (2)
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fluorine (1)
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I-129 (1)
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hydrogen
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deuterium (7)
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incompatible elements (1)
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isotope ratios (307)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Ar-39 (3)
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (44)
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Be-10 (6)
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C-14 (15)
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Cl-36 (2)
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I-129 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (59)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (40)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (34)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (9)
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Th-232/Th-230 (1)
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U-238/Pb-206 (2)
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U-238/Th-230 (1)
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U-238/U-235 (1)
-
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stable isotopes
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Ar-36 (1)
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Ar-40 (5)
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Ar-40/Ar-36 (4)
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (44)
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B-11/B-10 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (43)
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D/H (47)
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deuterium (7)
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He-3 (7)
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He-4 (1)
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He-4/He-3 (8)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (16)
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N-15/N-14 (2)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (90)
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O-18/O-16 (99)
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (59)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (40)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (10)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (34)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (2)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (52)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (9)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (117)
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U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
-
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large-ion lithophile elements (5)
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Lu/Hf (12)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium
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Th-232/Th-230 (1)
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U-238/Th-230 (1)
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uranium
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U-238/Pb-206 (2)
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U-238/Th-230 (1)
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U-238/U-235 (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium (1)
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lithium (1)
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potassium (15)
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rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
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sodium (2)
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (6)
-
-
magnesium (1)
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (117)
-
-
-
aluminum (4)
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arsenic (1)
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bismuth (2)
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chromium (1)
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copper (1)
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gold (5)
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hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (16)
-
-
iron (1)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (59)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (40)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (10)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (34)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (2)
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U-238/Pb-206 (2)
-
-
manganese (1)
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mercury (1)
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niobium (4)
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platinum group
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iridium (3)
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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-
palladium ores (2)
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platinum (1)
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platinum ores (7)
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-
precious metals (16)
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rare earths
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europium (1)
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lanthanum (3)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (90)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (9)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (9)
-
-
ytterbium (2)
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yttrium (3)
-
-
rhenium
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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silver (2)
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tantalum (4)
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tin (2)
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titanium (4)
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tungsten (1)
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zinc (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-36 (1)
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Ar-39 (3)
-
Ar-40 (5)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (4)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (44)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (7)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (8)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (99)
-
-
short-lived isotopes (1)
-
silicon (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (52)
-
-
tellurium (3)
-
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fossils
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bacteria (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Artiodactyla
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Hippopotamidae (1)
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Cetacea (1)
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Perissodactyla
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Hippomorpha
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Equidae
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Hipparion (1)
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-
-
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Primates
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Hominidae
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Australopithecinae
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Australopithecus (2)
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Homo
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Homo erectus (1)
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Homo sapiens
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Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (1)
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-
-
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simians (3)
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Proboscidea (1)
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Rodentia (2)
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-
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Ankylosauria (1)
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Ceratopsia
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Ceratopsidae (1)
-
-
Ornithopoda
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Hadrosauridae (2)
-
-
-
Saurischia
-
Theropoda
-
Coelurosauria
-
Tyrannosauridae
-
Tyrannosaurus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Pterosauria (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
cyanobacteria (2)
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fossil man (1)
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Graptolithina (2)
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ichnofossils
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Skolithos (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
-
Branchiopoda (1)
-
Ostracoda (5)
-
-
Insecta (1)
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (1)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (2)
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (2)
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (2)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Porifera
-
Calcarea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides (1)
-
-
Neogloboquadrina (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Miogypsinidae
-
Miogypsina (1)
-
-
Nummulitidae
-
Nummulites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (6)
-
-
-
Metazoa (1)
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Conodonta (4)
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (4)
-
miospores
-
pollen (13)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Coccolithophoraceae
-
Emiliania
-
Emiliania huxleyi (1)
-
-
-
diatoms (7)
-
nannofossils (7)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae (2)
-
Gymnospermae
-
Ginkgoales (1)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
thallophytes (1)
-
tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (51)
-
Ar/Ar (2174)
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exposure age (7)
-
fission-track dating (101)
-
He/He (4)
-
I/Xe (1)
-
K/Ar (224)
-
Lu/Hf (12)
-
Nd/Nd (3)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (3)
-
paleomagnetism (151)
-
Pb/Pb (33)
-
Pb/Th (10)
-
radiation damage (1)
-
Rb/Sr (76)
-
Re/Os (39)
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Sm/Nd (42)
-
Sr/Sr (5)
-
tephrochronology (51)
-
Th/U (15)
-
thermochronology (176)
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thermoluminescence (1)
-
tree rings (2)
-
U/Pb (581)
-
U/Th/Pb (30)
-
uranium disequilibrium (5)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Blancan (2)
-
Glenns Ferry Formation (1)
-
Koobi Fora Formation (3)
-
lower Cenozoic (4)
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Omo Group (2)
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (1)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
Mesolithic (1)
-
upper Holocene (4)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (3)
-
Bishop Tuff (3)
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Calabrian (1)
-
Jaramillo Subchron (1)
-
Olduvai Subchron (1)
-
-
Matuyama Chron (5)
-
middle Pleistocene (8)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (1)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan
-
Fraser Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (3)
-
-
-
Shungura Formation (3)
-
Sierra Ladrones Formation (2)
-
Siwalik System (4)
-
Stone Age
-
Mesolithic (1)
-
Paleolithic
-
Acheulian (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Arikareean (1)
-
Calipuy Group (1)
-
Catahoula Formation (2)
-
Challis Volcanics (2)
-
Florissant Lake Beds (1)
-
John Day Formation (2)
-
lower Tertiary (14)
-
middle Tertiary (12)
-
Muddy Creek Formation (2)
-
Neogene
-
Aguacate Group (1)
-
Bidahochi Formation (1)
-
Browns Park Formation (1)
-
Deschutes Formation (1)
-
Hemphillian (1)
-
Miocene
-
Barstow Formation (2)
-
Clarendonian (1)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (13)
-
Ellensburg Formation (1)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (4)
-
lower Miocene
-
Aquitanian (1)
-
Burdigalian (2)
-
Hemingfordian (1)
-
Kasauli Series (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Badenian (1)
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
Ngorora Formation (1)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (3)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (2)
-
Tortonian (1)
-
Turolian (1)
-
-
Wanapum Basalt (2)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Cimmerian (2)
-
Gauss Chron (1)
-
Hadar Formation (3)
-
lower Pliocene
-
Zanclean (1)
-
-
upper Pliocene
-
Piacenzian (1)
-
-
-
Tesuque Formation (3)
-
upper Neogene (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Barail Group (1)
-
Dongying Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (3)
-
Bridger Formation (2)
-
Bridgerian (2)
-
Green River Formation (9)
-
Lake Gosiute (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Wasatchian (2)
-
Willwood Formation (2)
-
Wind River Formation (1)
-
Ypresian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Bartonian (1)
-
Lutetian (1)
-
Tyee Formation (1)
-
-
Ootsa Lake Group (2)
-
Subathu Formation (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Jackson Group (1)
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
Wilkins Peak Member (4)
-
-
Kenai Group (1)
-
lower Paleogene (6)
-
Oligocene
-
Creede Formation (1)
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (7)
-
Glendon Limestone (1)
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (2)
-
-
middle Oligocene (2)
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (2)
-
K-T boundary (17)
-
Puercan (2)
-
Torrejonian (1)
-
-
Nacimiento Formation (2)
-
Tullock Member (3)
-
upper Paleocene (3)
-
-
Tyonek Formation (1)
-
-
Sarmiento Formation (1)
-
Shahejie Formation (1)
-
upper Tertiary (6)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (23)
-
Wildcat Group (2)
-
-
Dalradian (6)
-
Lake Bonneville (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (3)
-
Mesozoic
-
Antalya Complex (1)
-
Bisbee Group (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean (1)
-
Logan Canyon Formation (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
lower Albian (1)
-
upper Albian (2)
-
-
Aptian (11)
-
Barremian (7)
-
Berriasian (1)
-
Bluesky Formation (1)
-
Gething Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
Missisauga Formation (1)
-
Neocomian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (18)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bearpaw Formation (1)
-
Belly River Formation (1)
-
Bridge Creek Limestone Member (1)
-
Campanian
-
Dinosaur Park Formation (1)
-
-
Cenomanian
-
lower Cenomanian (1)
-
upper Cenomanian (2)
-
-
Coniacian (1)
-
Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics (1)
-
Frontier Formation (1)
-
Gallup Sandstone (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Aguja Formation (1)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (5)
-
Javelina Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (4)
-
K-T boundary (17)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Ojo Alamo Sandstone (2)
-
Oldman Formation (1)
-
Pierre Shale (2)
-
Prince Creek Formation (1)
-
Senonian (12)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (3)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (2)
-
-
Two Medicine Formation (2)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (5)
-
Jurassic
-
Carmel Formation (1)
-
Clarens Formation (2)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (4)
-
Ferrar Group (6)
-
Kirkpatrick Basalt (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
middle Liassic (3)
-
Pliensbachian (5)
-
Toarcian (4)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
-
upper Liassic (3)
-
-
Mic Mac Formation (1)
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
-
Yakoun Group (1)
-
-
Bathonian (3)
-
Callovian (1)
-
Page Sandstone (1)
-
-
Smartville Complex (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Bowser Lake Group (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (2)
-
Oxfordian (2)
-
Stump Formation (1)
-
Tithonian (3)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (10)
-
McHugh Complex (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Nicoya Complex (2)
-
Nugget Sandstone (1)
-
Serra Geral Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (7)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (2)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Norian (2)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (2)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Yanshanian (3)
-
-
MIS 5 (1)
-
MIS 6 (1)
-
MIS 7 (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Acatlan Complex (7)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (2)
-
Kanmantoo Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (4)
-
Mount Read Volcanics (3)
-
Semri Series (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Bonneterre Formation (1)
-
Furongian (1)
-
Goldenville Formation (2)
-
Lamotte Sandstone (1)
-
Maynardville Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (1)
-
Dinantian (11)
-
-
Middle Carboniferous (3)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (3)
-
-
Madison Group (1)
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (4)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Bashkirian (1)
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Allegheny Group (3)
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Moscovian (1)
-
-
Pottsville Group (2)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (3)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
Uralian (1)
-
Westphalian (4)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Ackley Granite (1)
-
Lower Devonian (16)
-
Middle Devonian (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (5)
-
Popovich Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (2)
-
-
-
Gemericum (1)
-
Horton Group (5)
-
lower Paleozoic (30)
-
Merrimack Group (1)
-
middle Paleozoic
-
Hillabee Chlorite Schist (1)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (3)
-
Saint George Group (1)
-
Tremadocian
-
Halifax Formation (2)
-
-
-
Lushs Bight Group (1)
-
Meguma Group (12)
-
Middle Ordovician (7)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
Caradocian (2)
-
-
Valmy Formation (1)
-
Vinini Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian (2)
-
-
Phosphoria Formation (1)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (7)
-
-
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (7)
-
Middle Silurian
-
Roberts Mountains Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian (4)
-
-
Talladega Group (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Pictou Group (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (9)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Amisk Group (2)
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Neoarchean
-
Jiaodong Group (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean (2)
-
Singhbhum Granite (1)
-
Taihua Group (1)
-
Timiskaming Group (1)
-
Warrawoona Group (2)
-
-
Carrizo Mountain Formation (1)
-
Chuar Group (2)
-
Hazel Formation (1)
-
Johnnie Formation (2)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (2)
-
Minas Supergroup (1)
-
Missi Group (1)
-
Nipissing Diabase (1)
-
Pahrump Series (1)
-
Prince Albert Group (1)
-
Sleepy Dragon Complex (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (4)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (2)
-
Unkar Group (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Algonkian
-
Baraboo Quartzite (2)
-
-
Athabasca Formation (1)
-
Damara System (2)
-
Keweenawan (1)
-
Kombolgie Formation (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (6)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (2)
-
Hiltaba Suite (2)
-
Missoula Group (1)
-
Ravalli Group (1)
-
Wallace Formation (1)
-
-
Miette Group (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (3)
-
Ediacaran (9)
-
Moine Supergroup (1)
-
Riphean
-
upper Riphean (1)
-
-
Tonian (5)
-
Torridonian (3)
-
Vendian (18)
-
-
Ortega Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Baker Lake Group (1)
-
Orosirian (1)
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
Willyama Supergroup (1)
-
Wollaston Group (1)
-
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
Vadito Group (1)
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (2)
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
Saxothuringian (1)
-
Vindhyan (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (5)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (10)
-
granophyre (1)
-
hypabyssal rocks (6)
-
kimberlite (11)
-
picrite (10)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (5)
-
diabase
-
diabase porphyry (1)
-
tholeiitic dolerite (4)
-
-
diorites
-
diorite porphyry (1)
-
plagiogranite (11)
-
quartz diorites (12)
-
tonalite (18)
-
trondhjemite (3)
-
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros
-
teschenite (3)
-
-
microgabbro (1)
-
norite (2)
-
olivine gabbro (1)
-
troctolite (3)
-
-
granites
-
adamellite (1)
-
alkali granites (1)
-
aplite (7)
-
A-type granites (8)
-
biotite granite (2)
-
charnockite (1)
-
granite porphyry (5)
-
granosyenite (4)
-
I-type granites (5)
-
leucogranite (35)
-
monzogranite (11)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
S-type granites (4)
-
-
granodiorites (57)
-
ijolite (1)
-
lamproite (8)
-
lamprophyres
-
camptonite (2)
-
kersantite (1)
-
minette (3)
-
monchiquite (1)
-
-
monzodiorite (9)
-
monzonites (18)
-
pegmatite (30)
-
quartz monzonite (5)
-
syenites
-
alkali syenites (4)
-
granosyenite (4)
-
nepheline syenite
-
foyaite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (3)
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (7)
-
garnet lherzolite (2)
-
harzburgite (4)
-
lherzolite (2)
-
spinel lherzolite (2)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (3)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (12)
-
andesites
-
andesite porphyry (2)
-
boninite (5)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (2)
-
hawaiite (3)
-
mugearite (3)
-
trachybasalts (9)
-
-
flood basalts (45)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (29)
-
ocean-island basalts (13)
-
shoshonite (6)
-
tholeiite (16)
-
tholeiitic basalt (9)
-
trap rocks (2)
-
-
basanite
-
ankaramite (1)
-
-
dacites (43)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (14)
-
-
komatiite (3)
-
latite (3)
-
melilitite (1)
-
nephelinite (1)
-
phonolites (8)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (26)
-
green tuff (1)
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (53)
-
pumice (17)
-
rhyolite tuff (6)
-
scoria (2)
-
tuff (103)
-
welded tuff (3)
-
-
rhyodacites (6)
-
rhyolites
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
tephrite (1)
-
trachyandesites
-
absarokite (1)
-
-
trachytes (10)
-
vitrophyre (3)
-
-
-
ophiolite (49)
-
volcanic ash (16)
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (2)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites
-
orthoamphibolite (1)
-
-
cataclasites (13)
-
eclogite (32)
-
garnetite (1)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (2)
-
banded gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (3)
-
orthogneiss (18)
-
paragneiss (10)
-
-
granulites (12)
-
hornfels (3)
-
impactites
-
impact breccia (2)
-
-
jadeitite (2)
-
marbles (10)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-anorthosite (1)
-
metabasalt (8)
-
metabasite (11)
-
metadacite (2)
-
metagabbro (4)
-
metagranite (11)
-
metarhyolite (2)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (11)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (10)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metachert (1)
-
metagraywacke (5)
-
metapelite (18)
-
metasandstone (5)
-
metasiltstone (2)
-
paragneiss (10)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen
-
beresite (1)
-
-
serpentinite (11)
-
skarn (18)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (25)
-
migmatites (17)
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (6)
-
pseudotachylite (19)
-
ultramylonite (3)
-
-
phyllites (12)
-
phyllonites (3)
-
quartzites (17)
-
schists
-
biotite schist (1)
-
blueschist (23)
-
greenschist (5)
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
slates (12)
-
-
ophiolite (49)
-
turbidite (11)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites (1)
-
L chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
moissanite (1)
-
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (2)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (2)
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (8)
-
dolomite (2)
-
magnesite (1)
-
parisite (1)
-
siderite (2)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (2)
-
sylvite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (2)
-
parisite (1)
-
topaz (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
K-bentonite (2)
-
minerals (22)
-
native elements
-
diamond (2)
-
graphite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (5)
-
brannerite (1)
-
cassiterite (5)
-
chrome spinel (1)
-
corundum (1)
-
cryptomelane (8)
-
hematite (2)
-
hollandite (2)
-
hydroxides
-
oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (6)
-
magnesium oxides (1)
-
magnetite (10)
-
manganese oxides (6)
-
niobates
-
columbite (2)
-
-
perovskite (3)
-
rutile (9)
-
sapphire (3)
-
spinel (4)
-
tantalates
-
tantalite (3)
-
-
titanium oxides (1)
-
titanomagnetite (3)
-
todorokite (1)
-
uraninite (5)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (83)
-
fluorapatite (2)
-
monazite (54)
-
xenotime (8)
-
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (4)
-
glaucophane (7)
-
hornblende (196)
-
kaersutite (3)
-
riebeckite (1)
-
tschermakite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (2)
-
augite (3)
-
chrome diopside (1)
-
diopside (2)
-
omphacite (5)
-
spodumene (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene (1)
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (30)
-
anorthoclase (6)
-
K-feldspar (71)
-
microcline (2)
-
microperthite (1)
-
moonstone (1)
-
orthoclase (3)
-
perthite (1)
-
sanidine (73)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (4)
-
-
-
leucite (2)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (2)
-
-
pseudoleucite (1)
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
amethyst (1)
-
coesite (2)
-
quartz (38)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (3)
-
garnet group
-
andradite (2)
-
grossular (1)
-
-
kyanite (6)
-
olivine group
-
olivine (12)
-
-
sillimanite (5)
-
staurolite (4)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (31)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (407)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (2)
-
epidote (7)
-
-
lawsonite (4)
-
pumpellyite group
-
pumpellyite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (1)
-
emerald (4)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
elbaite (2)
-
schorl (4)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (14)
-
-
clay minerals
-
dickite (2)
-
kaolinite (7)
-
smectite (6)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
illite (38)
-
mica group
-
biotite (250)
-
celadonite (2)
-
glauconite (8)
-
lepidolite (1)
-
muscovite (260)
-
paragonite (2)
-
phengite (28)
-
phlogopite (30)
-
-
pyrophyllite (1)
-
sericite (24)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (31)
-
anhydrite (2)
-
barite (3)
-
gypsum (2)
-
jarosite (3)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (2)
-
chalcopyrite (1)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
galena (4)
-
gersdorffite (1)
-
marcasite (1)
-
molybdenite (18)
-
pyrite (17)
-
siegenite (1)
-
sphalerite (3)
-
stibnite (2)
-
violarite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
bournonite (1)
-
tetrahedrite (2)
-
-
sulfarsenates
-
enargite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
tennantite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides (2)
-
tungstates
-
ferberite (1)
-
scheelite (4)
-
wolframite (3)
-
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (2076)
-
Africa
-
Afar (2)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola
-
Cuanza Basin (1)
-
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (3)
-
Ethiopia
-
Awash Valley (1)
-
Omo Valley (1)
-
-
Ethiopian Rift (5)
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (5)
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Turkana District (1)
-
-
Lake Turkana (5)
-
Malawi (1)
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Sudan (1)
-
Tanzania
-
Olduvai Gorge (2)
-
-
Turkana Basin (5)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Magadi (1)
-
Lake Turkana (5)
-
-
East African Rift (8)
-
Gregory Rift (2)
-
Lebombo Mountains (1)
-
Limpopo Belt (4)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (1)
-
-
Mozambique Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
Kabylia (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
-
Red Sea Hills (1)
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (2)
-
Gariep Belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (15)
-
Kalahari Craton (1)
-
Karoo Basin (6)
-
Lesotho (1)
-
Namaqualand (4)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
Kaoko Belt (2)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (6)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (2)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (2)
-
-
Gauteng South Africa
-
Johannesburg South Africa (2)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Tugela Basin (1)
-
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton Mountain Land (1)
-
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa
-
Kimberley South Africa (1)
-
-
Transvaal region (3)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
West Africa
-
Benue Valley (1)
-
Burkina Faso (1)
-
Chad (1)
-
Ghana (1)
-
Guinea (2)
-
Ivory Coast (1)
-
Liberia (3)
-
Mauritania
-
Richat Mountain (1)
-
-
Niger (1)
-
Nigeria (1)
-
Senegal (2)
-
Sierra Leone (1)
-
-
West African Shield (1)
-
Zimbabwe Craton (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
East Antarctic ice sheet (3)
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (3)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
-
Coats Land (1)
-
East Antarctica (7)
-
Ellsworth Land (1)
-
James Ross Island (2)
-
Larsemann Hills (1)
-
Mac Robertson Land
-
Prince Charles Mountains (1)
-
-
Marie Byrd Land (6)
-
Queen Maud Land
-
Sor-Rondane Mountains (1)
-
-
South Orkney Islands (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Pensacola Mountains (1)
-
Queen Maud Range (1)
-
Shackleton Range (2)
-
-
Victoria Land
-
Cape Roberts (1)
-
McMurdo dry valleys (2)
-
Wilson Terrane (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (7)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Amerasia Basin (1)
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Canada Basin (1)
-
East Siberian Sea (2)
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IPOD
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Expedition 318
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Mexico
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Ocean Drilling Program
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Leg 105
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ODP Site 647 (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Ar/Ar
Early Miocene to Pliocene magmatic and structural evolution of the Gulf of California margin in central Baja California (Mexico): The Mulegé–La Trinidad region, Baja California Sur Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The volcanic stratigraphy of the central Gulf of California margin of the Baja California peninsula preserves a valuable record of the transition from subduction of the Farallon plate (24–12 Ma) to oblique rifting (<12 Ma). Although strike-slip faults (as well as normal faults) are common in oblique rifts and are abundant on the new (younger than 6 Ma) seafloor in the Gulf of California, none has been previously reported in the onshore central Baja California margin. This study focused on a previously unmapped region in the central Baja California margin near Mulegé, where we identified a strike-slip fault, termed the Potrero fault, and described the regional magmatic and structural context for this fault. We did this by using geologic mapping of volcanic-volcaniclastic lithofacies, supported by petrography, geochemistry, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. The Potrero fault is a vertical fault that strikes N10°W, with dextral-oblique (down-to-the-east) slip. This fault juxtaposes older rocks on the west with younger rocks on the east. The older rocks on the west side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Middle Comondú Group, which is early Miocene in age. They consist largely of a >800 m red bed sequence of coarse-grained andesitic volcanic debris-flow deposits (proximal facies) that transition westward into fluvial conglomerates and sandstones (distal facies). The proximal facies has interstratified coarse-grained trachyandesite block-and-ash-flow tuffs with a 40Ar/39Ar age of 18.72 ± 0.24 Ma. This section is cut by mafic- to intermediate-composition dikes, with lesser plugs, that have 40Ar/39Ar ages of 16.88 ± 0.30 Ma to 14.85 ± 0.05 Ma. This early Miocene assemblage is truncated by an angular unconformity and overlain by Pliocene high-Sr/Y trachyandesite lavas, with an 40Ar/39Ar age of 4.02 ± 0.04 Ma. The younger rocks on the east side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Upper Comondú Group, which is middle to late Miocene in age. This unit is dominated by small lava shields, with diameters of 2–9 km and thicknesses up to 300 m. The lava shields have basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, andesite, high-Sr/Y trachyandesite, and dacite compositions, with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 13.39 ± 0.03 Ma to 10.74 ± 0.08 Ma (four samples). At two localities in the map area, the Upper Comondú Group lava shields rest in angular unconformity on the Middle Comondú Group red beds and dikes, and the eruptive equivalents of the dikes are missing along this unconformity. We correlated this unconformity with the unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group on the west side of the Potrero fault to estimate a vertical component of slip of at least 800 m down-to-the-east across the Potrero fault. The lateral component of slip is not known, because the regions to the north and south are unmapped, so piercing points cannot be identified. The Middle Comondú Group in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area forms part of a regionally extensive, early Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, that outcrops for a distance of 500 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. It thickens and coarsens eastward, through what is now the Concepción Peninsula, where it also contains early Miocene dikes and hypabyssal intrusions and is similarly capped by an angular unconformity, with eruptive equivalents of the dikes and intrusions missing along the unconformity. We propose that the laterally extensive Middle Comondú Group was deposited in a rift basin, bounded by a west-dipping normal fault system that lay to the east of what is now the Concepción Peninsula, in the present-day offshore Gulf of California. We infer that the thick, coarse-grained volcanic andesitic debris-flow deposits of the Middle Comondú Group were shed from large andesite arc stratovolcanoes (Comondú arc) that also lay to the east in the present-day Gulf of California. We interpret the volumetrically minor block-and-ash-flow tuffs, dikes, and hypabyssal intrusions of the Middle Comondú Group to record minor magmatism in a forearc position. We also suggest that the angular unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group records thermal uplift that occurred as the arc axis swept westward (trenchward) into the region, at ca. 14 Ma, due to continued slab rollback that began in the Oligocene under western Mexico. The Upper Comondú Group lavas in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form part of a Middle to Upper Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, which outcrops for a distance of 700 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. This unit consists largely of andesite and basaltic andesite lavas erupted from stratovolcanoes in the axis of the Comondú arc. The Upper Comondú Group lavas thicken dramatically eastward toward the Bahía Concepción fault, a down-to-the-west normal fault that bounds the Concepción Peninsula on its west side. We thus infer that this fault became active in middle Miocene time (14 Ma). This fault records westward encroachment of normal faulting concurrent with the westward sweep of the arc axis, from the Gulf of California into Baja California. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas that form the structurally highest part of the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form an erosional escarpment that does not extend to the Potrero fault, so the lavas cannot be used to determine whether the Potrero fault was active before, during, or after their eruption. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas are a previously unidentified part of the regional postsubduction suite of “bajaites,” attributed to slab window magmatism.
The tectonostratigraphic evolution of a Miocene half-graben, Kerio Valley Basin, East African Rift of Kenya: analysis of a 3 km thick volcano-sedimentary succession Open Access
MAGMATISM OF THE OMOLON CRATONAL TERRANE ( northeastern Russia ): GEOCHRONOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND GEODYNAMICS Available to Purchase
Timescales of pluton assembly and growth history of Colorado Plateau lithosphere: Geochronology (U-Pb, K-Ar, and Ar-Ar) and zircon Hf isotopic study of the Mount Hillers intrusive center (Henry Mountains, Utah, USA) Available to Purchase
Composition of Phlogopite from Ultramafic Lamprophyres as an Indicator of Formation Conditions (Zima Alkaline Ultramafic Carbonatite Complex, Southern Siberian Craton) Available to Purchase
Timing of closure of the Jilin-Heilongjiang Ocean: constraints from zircon U–Pb and Ar–Ar dating of the Heilongjiang Complex in NE China Available to Purchase
The Benkar Fault Zone: An Orogen-Scale Cross Fault in the Eastern Nepal Himalaya Open Access
Radiometric dating ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and 14 C), compositions, and erupted volumes of volcanoes of the Valle de Santiago area (Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, Mexico) Available to Purchase
ORIGIN OF VOLCANIC-HOSTED MAGNETITE AT THE LAGUNA DEL MAULE COMPLEX, CHILE: A NEW EXAMPLE OF ANDEAN IRON OXIDE-APATITE MINERALIZATION Available to Purchase
Formation, reactivation and exhumation of the extruded basement wedge in the southern Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan plateau Available to Purchase
Sedimentary provenance of the Upper Devonian Old Red Sandstone of southern Ireland: an integrated multi-proxy detrital geochronology study Available to Purchase
Unravelling the fragmented sediment–landform assemblage in an area of thick Quaternary sediment, western Hudson Bay Lowland, Canada Open Access
The geoheritage of Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: providing geological answers to human origin questions Available to Purchase
Abstract While Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, is most famous for its impressive and formative record of early human technology, Pleistocene fauna and hominin fossils, its geological record is equally important. At Olduvai, palaeoanthropologically significant sites are often preserved in primary context (not redeposited), and they can be contextualized within the palaeoenvironments in which the hominins lived. This has provided an exceptional opportunity to assess not only hominin evolutionary changes over time, but also to understand their adaptive behaviour including toolmaking, foraging and sociality. Abundant volcanic material from the nearby Ngorongoro Volcanic Highlands, interspersed within and between archaeology-bearing deposits, made Olduvai a target for some of the earliest applications of radiometric dating using the K/Ar system. Ultimately, the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating system has produced ages with exceptional precision. Early radiometric dating at Olduvai helped establish the antiquity of the hominin lineage, and early palaeomagnetic studies (and the ‘Olduvai event,’ the longest normal subchron within the reversed Matuyama Chron) were critical in establishing the importance of Olduvai in the field of geochronology. More recently, high-resolution palaeoclimate studies of the palaeolake that once occupied the Olduvai Basin have helped to reconstruct the palaeoenvironments encountered by hominin species. Over a century of geological research has secured Olduvai's status as an important site for geoheritage.
Late Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Western Nepal Himalaya: Insights from Low-Temperature Thermochronology Open Access
Two-Stage Model of Devonian Basic Magmatism in the Vilyui Paleorift (Siberian Platform) Available to Purchase
Mеsozoic Tectonothermal Evolution of the Zagan Metamorphic Core Complex in Western Transbaikalia: 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and FTA Dating Open Access
Late Devonian syntaxis in the Northern Appalachian orogen Available to Purchase
Abstract The pre-accretionary shapes of cratonic margins form successions of promontories and re-entrants inherited from the rifting of supercontinents. In accretionary orogens, the extent of deformation related to a collision with a continent characterized by an irregular margin is obfuscated through the partitioning of deformation along pre-existing structures. In the Northern Appalachians, the extent of the deformation related to the oblique collision of the Meguma terrane with the composite Laurentian margin is disputed. Herein, we use a framework based on modern collisional settings to investigate the Late Devonian to Mississippian deformation inboard of the Avalonia–Meguma boundary and evaluate the regional tectonic setting. We combine published shear zone kinematic interpretations, deformation ages and regional 40 Ar/ 39 Ar cooling ages with structural interpretation of aeromagnetic and gravimetric depth slices covering the Northern Appalachians. We find that the deformation related to the collision of the Meguma terrane, attributed to the Neoacadian orogeny, has a larger structural footprint than previously documented. While this deformation is partitioned in multiple structures in the Canadian Appalachians, northern New England is characterized by rapid crustal deformation, high palaeoelevation and fast erosional exhumation, similar to modern syntaxis structures.