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-
-
Radiolaria
-
Osculosida
-
Nassellina (1)
-
-
-
Thecamoeba (2)
-
-
Vermes
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Annelida (1)
-
-
-
Metazoa (1)
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (1)
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Conodonta (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
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Chitinozoa (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (3)
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miospores
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pollen (4)
-
-
-
Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta (1)
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Coccolithophoraceae (1)
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diatoms (3)
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nannofossils (4)
-
Rhodophyta
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Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Bryophyta (1)
-
Pteridophyta
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Filicopsida (1)
-
Lycopsida
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Lycopodium (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Leguminosae (1)
-
-
-
Gymnospermae
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Coniferales (1)
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Pteridospermae
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Neuropteris (1)
-
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils (1)
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thallophytes (9)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (7)
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Ar/Ar (10)
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exposure age (4)
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fission-track dating (7)
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K/Ar (9)
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lichenometry (1)
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Nd/Nd (1)
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optical mineralogy (7)
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optically stimulated luminescence (3)
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paleomagnetism (76)
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Pb/Pb (3)
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Pb/Th (1)
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racemization (4)
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radiation damage (6)
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Rb/Sr (1)
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Re/Os (1)
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sclerochronology (1)
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Sm/Nd (2)
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tephrochronology (4)
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Th/U (5)
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thermochronology (8)
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thermoluminescence (11)
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tree rings (3)
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U/Pb (11)
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U/Th/Pb (4)
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uranium disequilibrium (6)
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geologic age
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Anthropocene (2)
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Cenozoic
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Iron Age (3)
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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Middle Ages (1)
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Neoglacial (1)
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Neolithic (1)
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upper Holocene
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Roman period (2)
-
-
-
Kazusa Group (1)
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Mazama Ash (1)
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Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (1)
-
Bishop Tuff (3)
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lower Pleistocene (1)
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
Miami Limestone (2)
-
Presumpscot Formation (1)
-
Shimosa Group (1)
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upper Pleistocene
-
Lake Lisan (1)
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Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (1)
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Sangamonian (1)
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Wisconsinan
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Woodfordian (1)
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-
-
-
upper Quaternary (8)
-
-
Siwalik System (1)
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Stone Age
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Neolithic (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Capistrano Formation (2)
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Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Guantao Formation (2)
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lower Miocene (2)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
Oficina Formation (1)
-
Paintbrush Tuff (2)
-
Pungo River Formation (1)
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Temblor Formation (1)
-
Topopah Spring Member (2)
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upper Miocene
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Messinian (2)
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Tortonian (1)
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-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
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Pliocene
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upper Pliocene (2)
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-
-
Paleogene
-
Dongying Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
Green River Formation (2)
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lower Eocene (3)
-
Mirador Formation (2)
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upper Eocene
-
Jackson Group (2)
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-
-
Oligocene
-
Fontainebleau Sandstone (2)
-
Frio Formation (4)
-
lower Oligocene (2)
-
middle Oligocene (1)
-
Vicksburg Group (2)
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
-
upper Paleocene (1)
-
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
Wilcox Group (4)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (5)
-
upper Tertiary (2)
-
Vaqueros Formation (1)
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Tamiami Formation (1)
-
-
-
Coal Measures (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
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Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Comanchean
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
-
Graneros Shale (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian
-
Shuaiba Formation (1)
-
-
Barremian (1)
-
Clearwater Formation (2)
-
Mannville Group (3)
-
McMurray Formation (3)
-
Mowry Shale (1)
-
Neocomian (1)
-
Sligo Formation (1)
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Valanginian (1)
-
Wealden (1)
-
-
Lower Greensand (1)
-
Mancos Shale (2)
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Bearpaw Formation (1)
-
Blackhawk Formation (1)
-
Buda Limestone (1)
-
Campanian
-
Dinosaur Park Formation (1)
-
-
Cardium Formation (2)
-
Cenomanian
-
Dunvegan Formation (1)
-
-
Demopolis Chalk (1)
-
Ferron Sandstone Member (4)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Austin Chalk (2)
-
Eagle Ford Formation (3)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (3)
-
Kaiparowits Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (3)
-
La Luna Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (1)
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Pierre Shale (1)
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Santonian (1)
-
Selma Group (1)
-
Senonian (4)
-
Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
-
Turonian (2)
-
Wahweap Formation (1)
-
Wyandot Formation (1)
-
-
Viking Formation (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Pliensbachian (1)
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Toarcian (2)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bathonian
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Great Oolite Group (1)
-
-
Dogger (1)
-
-
Opalinus Clay (1)
-
Solnhofen Limestone (1)
-
Twin Creek Limestone (2)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (2)
-
Fulmar Formation (2)
-
Haynesville Formation (2)
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Kimmeridge Clay (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Morrison Formation (2)
-
Portlandian (1)
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Salt Wash Sandstone Member (1)
-
Smackover Formation (1)
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Tithonian (1)
-
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (2)
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Nugget Sandstone (2)
-
Sandilands Formation (1)
-
Statfjord Formation (2)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (2)
-
Dinwoody Formation (1)
-
-
Montney Formation (3)
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Sherwood Sandstone (1)
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Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Keuper (2)
-
Molteno Formation (1)
-
Sag River Sandstone (1)
-
Yanchang Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (2)
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (2)
-
-
Moldanubian (2)
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (1)
-
Berea Sandstone (3)
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Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Terreneuvian
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Fortunian (1)
-
-
-
Pioche Shale (1)
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Upper Cambrian
-
Bonneterre Formation (1)
-
Eau Claire Formation (1)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Benxi Formation (1)
-
Ely Limestone (2)
-
Jackfork Group (2)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (5)
-
Harrodsburg Limestone (1)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Kayak Shale (1)
-
-
Madison Group (2)
-
Mission Canyon Limestone (1)
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Marble Falls Group (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Atokan (1)
-
Desmoinesian
-
Hartshorne Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Pottsville Group (1)
-
Red Fork Sandstone (2)
-
Strawn Series (2)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Canyon Group (2)
-
Cisco Group (2)
-
Missourian
-
Wann Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (1)
-
Genesee Group (1)
-
Lower Devonian (2)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (4)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
-
Thirtyone Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Duperow Formation (2)
-
Frasnian (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
Palliser Formation (1)
-
-
-
Hunton Group (1)
-
Leinster Granite (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (1)
-
-
Minnelusa Formation (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Ellenburger Group (4)
-
Kindblade Formation (1)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (2)
-
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Red River Formation (2)
-
Trentonian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (2)
-
Yeoman Formation (1)
-
-
Viola Limestone (3)
-
-
Permian
-
Chase Group (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Brushy Canyon Formation (1)
-
Capitan Formation (2)
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
-
Khuff Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cherry Canyon Formation (1)
-
Leonardian
-
Clear Fork Group (1)
-
-
Qixia Formation (1)
-
Wolfcampian (2)
-
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Phosphoria Formation (2)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Zechstein (3)
-
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Interlake Formation (1)
-
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (1)
-
Arkansas Novaculite (1)
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Shanxi Formation (2)
-
-
Woodford Shale (3)
-
-
Phanerozoic (9)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Blake River Group (1)
-
Mesoarchean (1)
-
Singhbhum Granite (1)
-
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (1)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Huronian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (1)
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Belt Supergroup (1)
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Helikian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
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Ediacaran (1)
-
Walden Creek Group (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
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Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (4)
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feldspathoid rocks (1)
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granophyre (1)
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kimberlite (10)
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plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (1)
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diabase
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olivine diabase (1)
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-
diorites
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tonalite (2)
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trondhjemite (1)
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gabbros (2)
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granites
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monzogranite (1)
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muscovite granite (1)
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-
granodiorites (1)
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lamproite (1)
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lamprophyres (1)
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monzonites (1)
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pegmatite (7)
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quartz monzonite (2)
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syenites
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nepheline syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
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chromitite (1)
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peridotites
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dunite (2)
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garnet lherzolite (1)
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harzburgite (1)
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lherzolite (1)
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spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (2)
-
-
-
porphyry (9)
-
volcanic rocks
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andesites (3)
-
basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (2)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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tholeiite (1)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite
-
ankaramite (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (2)
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
komatiite (4)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
green tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
tuff (5)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (9)
-
-
-
ophiolite (6)
-
volcanic ash (4)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
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cataclasites (3)
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eclogite (2)
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gneisses
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granite gneiss (1)
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orthogneiss (1)
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paragneiss (2)
-
-
granulites (2)
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impactites (1)
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marbles
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ophicalcite (1)
-
-
metaigneous rocks
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metadiorite (2)
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metarhyolite (1)
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serpentinite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metagraywacke (1)
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metapelite (3)
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paragneiss (2)
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metasomatic rocks
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greisen (3)
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serpentinite (1)
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skarn (3)
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phyllites (1)
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quartzites (2)
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schists
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black schists (1)
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-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (6)
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turbidite (15)
-
-
meteorites
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meteorites
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stony meteorites
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achondrites
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angrite (1)
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Martian meteorites (1)
-
-
chondrites
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carbonaceous chondrites
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CM chondrites
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Murchison Meteorite (2)
-
-
CV chondrites
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Allende Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
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carbides
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moissanite (1)
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taenite (1)
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tetrataenite (1)
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-
antimonides (1)
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arsenates (1)
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arsenides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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lollingite (2)
-
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bismuthides
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michenerite (1)
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borates (2)
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carbonates
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ankerite (1)
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aragonite (5)
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calcite (25)
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dolomite (5)
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hydrotalcite (1)
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ikaite (1)
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kutnohorite (1)
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magnesian calcite (1)
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phosgenite (1)
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siderite (3)
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trona (1)
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copper minerals (1)
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halides
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chlorides
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halite (3)
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phosgenite (1)
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sylvite (1)
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fluorides
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fluorite (5)
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topaz (1)
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iodides (1)
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hydrates (3)
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iron minerals (2)
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manganese minerals (1)
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minerals (169)
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native elements
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diamond
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microdiamond (1)
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fullerene (1)
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graphite (4)
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organic minerals
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amber (1)
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oxides
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aluminum oxides (2)
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anatase (3)
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armalcolite (2)
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baddeleyite (1)
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cassiterite (1)
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chrome spinel (1)
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chromite (2)
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corundum (2)
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ferrihydrite (1)
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gahnite (1)
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gibbsite (1)
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goethite (5)
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hematite (10)
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hollandite (1)
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hydroxides
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oxyhydroxides (1)
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schoepite (1)
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ilmenite (3)
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iron oxides (15)
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limonite (2)
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magnesioferrite (1)
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magnetite (18)
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niobates
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nenadkevichite (1)
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pyrochlore (1)
-
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perovskite (3)
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pyrolusite (2)
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rutile (5)
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spinel (6)
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spinel group (4)
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tantalates
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microlite (1)
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titanium oxides (5)
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titanomagnetite (4)
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ulvospinel (1)
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uraninite (3)
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phosphates
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apatite (26)
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chlorapatite (2)
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eosphorite (1)
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fluorapatite (3)
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hydroxylapatite (4)
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monazite (9)
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sarcopside (1)
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strengite (1)
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triphylite (1)
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variscite (1)
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xenotime (1)
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platinum minerals (2)
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selenites (1)
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silicates
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aluminosilicates (5)
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asbestos (1)
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borosilicates (1)
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chain silicates
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amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
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actinolite (2)
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grunerite (1)
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hornblende (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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diopside (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
tobermorite (1)
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (3)
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microcline (2)
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orthoclase (3)
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perthite (2)
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sanidine (1)
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plagioclase
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albite (3)
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anorthite (2)
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bytownite (1)
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labradorite (1)
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oligoclase (2)
-
-
-
nepheline group
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kaliophilite (1)
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kalsilite (1)
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nepheline (2)
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-
silica minerals
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agate (1)
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chalcedony (2)
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coesite (1)
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cristobalite (2)
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jasper (1)
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moganite (1)
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opal
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opal-A (1)
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opal-CT (1)
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-
quartz (36)
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tridymite (2)
-
-
sodalite group
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lazurite (1)
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sodalite (2)
-
-
zeolite group
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chabazite (1)
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clinoptilolite (2)
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faujasite (1)
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ferrierite (1)
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mordenite (1)
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offretite (1)
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phillipsite (3)
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pollucite (1)
-
-
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garnierite (1)
-
orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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andalusite (1)
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garnet group
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grossular (1)
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kyanite (1)
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olivine group
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fayalite (2)
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forsterite (3)
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olivine (11)
-
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sillimanite (2)
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titanite group
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titanite (5)
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topaz (1)
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zircon group
-
zircon (23)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
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epidote group
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epidote (2)
-
-
hemimorphite (1)
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melilite group
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akermanite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
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cordierite (1)
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labuntsovite (1)
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nenadkevichite (1)
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tourmaline group (5)
-
-
sheet silicates
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cerolite (1)
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chlorite group
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chamosite (1)
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chlorite (14)
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-
clay minerals
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allophane (1)
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beidellite (3)
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dickite (3)
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halloysite (12)
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kaolinite (36)
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metahalloysite (1)
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montmorillonite (23)
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nacrite (1)
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nontronite (4)
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saponite (3)
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smectite (31)
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stevensite (1)
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vermiculite (6)
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corrensite (1)
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illite (29)
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mica group
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biotite (13)
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glauconite (3)
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muscovite (11)
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phengite (1)
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phlogopite (3)
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polylithionite (1)
-
-
palygorskite (12)
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pyrophyllite (3)
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sepiolite (8)
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sericite (2)
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serpentine group
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antigorite (2)
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berthierine (1)
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chrysotile (2)
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cronstedtite (1)
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lizardite (2)
-
serpentine (4)
-
-
talc (3)
-
-
-
sulfates
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alunite (5)
-
anhydrite (3)
-
barite (3)
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
applications
Raman Match: Application for automated identification of minerals from Raman spectroscopy data Available to Purchase
Discussion: Comments on: “The old and new of fluid indicators: An overview and application” (Farfour and Russell, 2024, The Leading Edge , 43, no. 5, 294–302) Available to Purchase
Ambient Noise Tomography: A Sensitive, Rapid, Passive Seismic Technique for Mineral Exploration Open Access
Distance and quadrant trace method for quantitative seismic interpretation: Theory and application to a synthetic amplitude variation with offset data catalog Available to Purchase
Geostatistical inversion of frequency-domain electromagnetic data for near-surface modeling Available to Purchase
Enhanced subsurface edge detection using a 3D integration operator Available to Purchase
Sonic P-wave attenuation based on fluid pressure differential between joint and matrix Available to Purchase
The application of GATEM in tunnel geologic risk survey based on complex terrain Available to Purchase
Application of the Vernik method for pore-pressure estimation in the Vaca Muerta Formation: Insights for geomechanical analysis and quantitative seismic interpretation in organic-rich mudrocks Available to Purchase
rmacrostrat : An R package for accessing and retrieving data from the Macrostrat geological database Open Access
Prediction of grain shoal reservoirs via seismic forward modeling and waveform classification: Application to the northern slope of the central Sichuan Uplift, Sichuan Basin, SW China Available to Purchase
Review of 3D electromagnetic modeling and inversion for mineral exploration Available to Purchase
A new expression for fluid factor using AVO intercept and gradient: Theory and application on gas sand reservoirs from offshore Australia Available to Purchase
Luminescence: The “Cold Glow” of Minerals Available to Purchase
Luminescence Applications in Petrology Available to Purchase
Ground-truth-free deep learning for 3D seismic denoising and reconstruction with channel attention mechanism Available to Purchase
Fast computation of local dips using the one-lag-correlation method Available to Purchase
Detect Multiple-Set Fractures by Crosshole Seismic Tomography for use in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics Available to Purchase
The qP- and qSV-wave separation in 2D vertically transversely isotropic media and their applications in elastic reverse time migration Available to Purchase
Lava flow-hosted reservoirs: a review Open Access
Abstract Lava flows form important fluid reservoirs and have been extensively exploited for water aquifers, geothermal energy, hydrocarbon production and, more recently, for carbon storage. Effusive subaerial mafic to intermediate lava flows account for vast rock volumes globally, and form reservoirs with properties dictated by well-known lava flow facies ranging from pāhoehoe through several transitional forms to ‘a’ā lava. These variations in flow type lead to critical differences in the pore structure, distribution, connectivity, strength and fracturing of individual lava flows, which, alongside lava flow package architectures, determine primary reservoir potential. Lava flow margins with vesicular, fracture and often autobreccia-hosted pore structures can have porosities commonly exceeding 40% and matrix permeabilities over 10 −11 m 2 (>10 D) separated by much lower porosity and permeability flow interiors. Secondary post-emplacement physicochemical changes related to fracturing, meteoric, diagenetic and hydrothermal alteration can significantly modify reservoir potential through a complex interplay of mineral transformation, pore-clogging secondary minerals and dissolution, which must be carefully characterized and assessed during exploration and appraisal. Within this contribution, a review of selected global lava flow-hosted reservoir occurrences is presented, followed by a discussion of the factors that influence lava flow reservoir potential.