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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Asia
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Far East
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Mongolia (2)
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-
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Canada
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Western Canada
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Alberta
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Dinosaur Provincial Park (4)
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Red Deer River valley (1)
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British Columbia (1)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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-
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Chicxulub Crater (1)
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Europe
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Spain
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Cantabrian Mountains (1)
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-
-
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Western Europe
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Dorset England (1)
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Isle of Wight England (2)
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Sussex England (1)
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-
-
-
-
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North America
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Rocky Mountains
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Western Interior (2)
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United States
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California
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San Diego County California (1)
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Colorado
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Denver County Colorado (1)
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Elbert County Colorado (1)
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Denver Basin (1)
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Maryland
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Prince Georges County Maryland (1)
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Montana
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Garfield County Montana (1)
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McCone County Montana (1)
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Powder River County Montana (1)
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Wheatland County Montana (1)
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Wyoming
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Niobrara County Wyoming (1)
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-
-
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Chondrichthyes (1)
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Osteichthyes (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia (1)
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Mammalia (1)
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Reptilia
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Anapsida
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Testudines (1)
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs
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Ornithischia
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Ankylosauria (22)
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Ceratopsia (2)
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Ornithopoda
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Hadrosauridae (3)
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Iguanodon (1)
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Stegosaurus (1)
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Saurischia
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Theropoda (5)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
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K-T boundary (1)
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middle Paleocene (1)
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-
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Blairmore Group (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Aptian (1)
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Barremian (1)
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Berriasian (1)
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Cadomin Formation (1)
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Cloverly Formation (2)
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Gething Formation (1)
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Wealden (2)
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Potomac Group (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian
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Dinosaur Park Formation (2)
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upper Campanian (1)
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Cenomanian (1)
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Hell Creek Formation (3)
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Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
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Judith River Formation (1)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Lance Formation (2)
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Laramie Formation (1)
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Maestrichtian
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lower Maestrichtian (1)
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Point Loma Formation (1)
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Senonian (3)
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Turonian (1)
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-
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Jurassic
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Middle Jurassic (1)
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Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Rhaetian (1)
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-
-
-
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Primary terms
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Asia
-
Far East
-
Mongolia (2)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Dinosaur Provincial Park (4)
-
Red Deer River valley (1)
-
-
British Columbia (1)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Tertiary
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Paleogene
-
Paleocene
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lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
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middle Paleocene (1)
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-
-
-
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Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes (1)
-
Osteichthyes (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia (1)
-
Mammalia (1)
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines (1)
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia
-
Ankylosauria (22)
-
Ceratopsia (2)
-
Ornithopoda
-
Hadrosauridae (3)
-
Iguanodon (1)
-
-
Stegosaurus (1)
-
-
Saurischia
-
Theropoda (5)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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climate change (1)
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Europe
-
Southern Europe
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Cantabrian Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Dorset England (1)
-
Isle of Wight England (2)
-
Sussex England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Blairmore Group (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Aptian (1)
-
Barremian (1)
-
Berriasian (1)
-
Cadomin Formation (1)
-
Cloverly Formation (2)
-
Gething Formation (1)
-
Wealden (2)
-
-
Potomac Group (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian
-
Dinosaur Park Formation (2)
-
upper Campanian (1)
-
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Hell Creek Formation (3)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Lance Formation (2)
-
Laramie Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
lower Maestrichtian (1)
-
-
Point Loma Formation (1)
-
Senonian (3)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
-
-
-
North America
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Western Interior (2)
-
-
paleoclimatology (1)
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paleoecology (2)
-
paleogeography (1)
-
paleontology (2)
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentation (1)
-
stratigraphy (1)
-
United States
-
California
-
San Diego County California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Denver County Colorado (1)
-
Elbert County Colorado (1)
-
-
Denver Basin (1)
-
Maryland
-
Prince Georges County Maryland (1)
-
-
Montana
-
Garfield County Montana (1)
-
McCone County Montana (1)
-
Powder River County Montana (1)
-
Wheatland County Montana (1)
-
-
Wyoming
-
Niobrara County Wyoming (1)
-
-
-
-
rock formations
-
Deccan Traps (1)
-
Denver Formation (1)
-
-
soils
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paleosols (1)
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Ankylosauria
An Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) fossil-bearing locality from the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, yielding the oldest dinosaur skeletal remains from western Canada
Postcrania of juvenile Pinacosaurus grangeri (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Alagteeg Formation, Alag Teeg, Mongolia: implications for ontogenetic allometry in ankylosaurs
The record of dinosaurs over the last 10 m.y. of the Cretaceous, as well as surrounding the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, helps to define extinction scenarios. Although Late Cretaceous dinosaur fossils occur on all present-day continents, only in North America do we find a terrestrial vertebrate fossil record spanning the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, although promising work may yield comparable records in South America, India, China, and Europe. For the present then, the North American record represents the proxy for our knowledge of dinosaur extinction. Over the last 10 m.y. of the Cretaceous (late Campanian to late Maastrichtian) in the northern part of the western interior of North America, the number of nonavian dinosaur species dropped from 49 to 25, almost a 50% reduction, even though a 16% greater extent of fossil-bearing exposures record the last dinosaurs in the latest Cretaceous in the western interior. Important, but less-well-exposed, nonavian-dinosaur–bearing units suggest this drop occurred around, or at least commenced by, the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary. These losses began during climatic fluctuations, occurring during and possibly in part caused by the last major regressive cycle of the Cretaceous, which also reduced the expanse of the low coastal plains inhabited by nonavian dinosaurs. The pulse of Deccan Trap emplacement that began some time later in the latest Cretaceous was also likely a major driver of climatic change. As for the dinosaur record near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, even the best-known records from North America remain enigmatic and open to interpretation. Newer studies suggest some decline in at least relative abundance approaching the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, but the cause (or causes) for the final extinction (if it was the case) of non-avian dinosaurs remains unresolved, although the Chicxulub impact undoubtedly played a major role.