Impact craters play an important role in planetary chronology and geomorphology. Researchers use a cadre of software tools that aid in visual crater identification and crater morphologic analysis. However, many of the existing software tools support only rudimentary visualization and/or limited crater morphologic analysis. To facilitate the use of high-resolution altimetry data in crater visualization and morphologic analysis, we provide mVTK. mVTK is a novel visualization and morphologic analysis software tool that uses raw altimetry data to render high-resolution cartographic projects in real time that are interactive and support precise crater profile measurements.

A substantial portion of the Pacific basin is composed of seafloor formed during the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS). Because this region lacks the magnetic lineations typically required to constrain tectonic reconstructions, we employ additional methods for interpreting CNS Pacific history, involving seafloor fabric, basement paleolatitudes, and age data. We utilize seafloor fabric, including fracture zones and the rift margins of large igneous provinces, to derive quantitative rotations. The timing of such rotations is constrained using rock ages, bounding magnetic isochrons, and estimates of interactions with surrounding terrains. The method relies on high-resolution shipboard bathymetry and rock ages, as much fine-scale seafloor fabric useful for reconstructions is not visible in satellite altimetry data. We show that the Ontong Java, Manihiki, and Hikurangi oceanic plateaus likely originated as one large superplateau, the Ontong Java Nui (OJN). Reconstructions of OJN at 123 Ma reveal large offsets between observed and predicted paleolatitudes. Observed paleolatitudes exhibit a systematic bias, which may be attributed to large-scale rotation of the entire plateau. Such a rotation would imply either that OJN was initially decoupled from the Pacific plate and able to rotate independently or that the orientation of the Pacific plate at 123 Ma differed from conventional model predictions. However, large uncertainties in absolute plate motion models prior to ca. 80 Ma preempt a conclusive interpretation for OJN formation. Given an ~10 km resolution limit for satellite altimetry, continued investments in seagoing research will be needed to investigate tectonic events in magnetic quiet zones.