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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
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allochems
ORIGINS AND OUTCOMES OF THE 1961 SEPM/AAPG CARBONATE ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYMPOSIUM Available to Purchase
Reservoir characteristics of lacustrine mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentary rocks: A case study of the Paleogene Funing second member in the Subei Basin, China Available to Purchase
The effects of magnesium concentration in high-magnesium calcite allochems on dolomitization: Insights from high-temperature dolomite synthesis experiments Available to Purchase
The Limagne Basin: a journey through modern and fossil microbial deposits Open Access
High-resolution hyperspectral-based continuous mineralogical and total organic carbon analysis of the Eagle Ford Group and associated formations in south Texas Available to Purchase
Grain assemblages and diagenesis in organic-rich mudrocks, Upper Pennsylvanian Cline shale (Wolfcamp D), Midland Basin, Texas Available to Purchase
A Diagenetic Study of the Wolfcamp Shale in the Southeast Midland Basin, West Texas: A Petrographic and SEM Study of Two Cores Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The lower Permian Wolfcamp Shale in the Permian Basin is a major unconventional resource play composed of organic-rich, siliceous and calcareous mudstones interbedded with carbonate turbidites and debrites. Using two cores that comprise the Wolfcamp Shale near the eastern margin of the Midland Basin, this study reconstructs the complex diagenetic history of both the mudstone and carbonate facies. These cores were analyzed using petrographic and SEM techniques to test if the Wolfcamp Shale was an open or closed system and to characterize diagenetic processes that impact reservoir characteristics, such as porosity types, porosity distribution, permeability pathways, and mechanical brittleness. Early, middle, and late phases of chemical diagenesis are defined in this study. Mineral precipitation and dissolution events occur from the passage of fluids through both interstitial and fracture pore space. Early authigenic mineral precipitation (calcareous and phosphate concretions, sphalerite, barite, framboidal pyrite, quartz, dolomite, and ferroan dolomite) resulted in destruction of primary porosity within the mudstone facies, before and during the mechanical compaction event. Destruction of porosity in the carbonate turbidites facies occurred through carbonate cementation (calcite, ferroan calcite, dolomite, and ferroan dolomite) during early to middle diagenesis. An episode of dissolution and dolomitization in the carbonate facies resulted in the creation of moldic and intercrystalline porosity respectively. Within mudstones intercrystalline porosity is observed between pyrite framboids and clay sheets of chlorite. Diverse fracture types occur in all facies within the Wolfcamp Shale and play a critical role in the migration of diagenetic fluids and hydrocarbons. Horizontal fractures are filled by “beef”-type calcite, and vertical fractures are filled with equant calcite and/or celestine-barite. Mineralized fractures contain porosity, some of which contain ferroan dolomite rhombs within pores, which supports diagenetic fluid movement through fractures after an initial stage of mineralization. Fluid inclusion data suggest that some mineralized fractures acted as fluid conduits for externally derived, warm, high-salinity brines, suggesting the Wolfcamp Shale was an open system during it burial history.
Origin and evolution of microporosity in packstones and grainstones in a Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir, United Arab Emirates Available to Purchase
Abstract: Microporosity in carbonate reservoirs is generated by the complex interplay between depositional and diagenetic processes. This petrographical, SEM, fluid-inclusion and isotopic study of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir, Abu Dhabi, UAE, revealed that: (1) micritization of ooids and skeletal fragments, which resulted in spheroidal (rounded) micrite, accounts for most microporosity in peloidal packstones and grainstones; and (2) transformation of spheroidal micrite into subhedral/euhedral micrite and microspar, known as aggrading neomorphism, could happen via precipitation of syntaxial calcite overgrowths around micrite (micro-overgrowths) and not only, as suggested previously in the literature, by recrystallization involving the dissolution (of micrite) and reprecipitation (of microspar). Precipitation of calcite cement around micrite (i.e. destruction of microporosity) is more extensive in the water zone than in the oil zone, which is possibly contributing to the lower porosity and permeability of the carbonate reservoir in the water zone. Similarity in bulk oxygen isotopic values of micritized packstones and grainstones in the water and oil zones (average δ 18 O V-PDB = −7.2‰ and −7.8‰, respectively) is attributed to: (1) a small difference in temperatures between the crest (oil zone) and the flanks (water zone); and (2) calcite precipitation around micrite occurred prior and subsequent to oil emplacement. Bulk carbon and strontium isotopic compositions of micritized packstones and grainstones in the water and oil zones (average δ 13 C V-PDB = +3.7‰ and average 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios = 0.707469) indicate that calcite cement was derived from marine porewaters and/or dissolution of the host limestones. The minimum formation temperatures of bulk micrite/microspar, which are inferred based on paragenetic relationships, fluid-inclusion microthermometry and oxygen isotope data, are around 58–78°C.
A diagenetic study of the Woodford Shale in the southeastern Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma, USA: Evidence for hydrothermal alteration in mineralized fractures Available to Purchase
Shallow burial dolomitization of an Eocene carbonate platform, southeast Zagros Basin, Iran Open Access
Stable-Isotope Geochemistry of Vertisols Formed On Marine Limestone and Implications for Deep-Time Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions Available to Purchase
Diagenetic control of deformation mechanisms in deformation bands in a carbonate grainstone Available to Purchase
Petrography of Paleogene turbiditic sedimentation in northeastern Italy Available to Purchase
The Paleogene turbiditic sedimentation in the eastern Southern Alps represents the sedimentary response to tectonic activity related to the Mesoalpine phase, which involved the surrounding chains from Paleocene time onward. Field and petrographic analyses have allowed us to classify these turbiditic successions as multisource deposits, as demonstrated by the common presence of allochemical, mainly bioclastic detritus, associated with different types of terrigenous arenites. For all units, field data suggest more proximal sources for allochemical supply and distal sources for terrigenous material, characterized by the presence of chert, carbonate rocks, and metamorphic rock fragments. All the investigated successions display transparent heavy mineral associations, marked by the common presence of chrome spinel, alkaline amphibole, staurolite, epidote, and zoisite, which point to similar metamorphic sources. The location of the source of metamorphic rock fragments is uncertain, but inputs from the internal Dinaric belt are possible. The source of the allochemical detritus was located in the nearby reactivated Friuli Platform.