Update search
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Kenya (1)
-
Uganda
-
Bukusu (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah Basin (1)
-
-
Dharwar Craton (1)
-
Haryana India (1)
-
Madhya Pradesh India
-
Sidhi India (1)
-
-
-
-
Siberia (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Tenerife (1)
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles (1)
-
-
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Europe
-
Western Europe
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Indian Ocean (1)
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Mauritius (1)
-
-
Lake Mead (1)
-
South America
-
Argentina
-
Rio Negro Argentina (1)
-
-
Colombia
-
Antioquia Colombia (1)
-
-
Patagonia (1)
-
-
United States
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
Colorado (1)
-
Delmarva Peninsula (1)
-
Nevada
-
Clark County Nevada (1)
-
-
Texas
-
Brewster County Texas
-
Big Bend National Park (1)
-
-
-
Trans-Pecos (1)
-
Virginia
-
Northampton County Virginia
-
Oyster Virginia (1)
-
-
-
-
-
commodities
-
aggregate (2)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (1)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (1)
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
silicon
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria
-
Geobacter (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines (1)
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (1)
-
dinosaurs (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca (1)
-
-
microfossils (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (1)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Re/Os (1)
-
U/Pb (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Javelina Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
peperite (1)
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
hawaiite (1)
-
mugearite (1)
-
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
tuff (7)
-
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
phyllites (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (1)
-
siderite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
goethite (1)
-
hematite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
aluminum hydroxides (1)
-
oxyhydroxides (2)
-
-
iron oxides (1)
-
magnetite (1)
-
perovskite (1)
-
spinel (1)
-
-
silicates
-
framework silicates
-
silica minerals
-
jasper (1)
-
quartz (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (2)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
montmorillonite (1)
-
smectite (2)
-
-
mica group
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
barite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
greigite (1)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (3)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Kenya (1)
-
Uganda
-
Bukusu (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Xinjiang China (1)
-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah Basin (1)
-
-
Dharwar Craton (1)
-
Haryana India (1)
-
Madhya Pradesh India
-
Sidhi India (1)
-
-
-
-
Siberia (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Tenerife (1)
-
-
-
bacteria
-
Geobacter (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles (1)
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines (1)
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (1)
-
dinosaurs (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (4)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
crystal structure (2)
-
deformation (2)
-
diagenesis (1)
-
engineering geology (1)
-
Europe
-
Western Europe
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Cornwall England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (2)
-
folds (1)
-
foliation (1)
-
geochemistry (6)
-
ground water (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
peperite (1)
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
hawaiite (1)
-
mugearite (1)
-
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
tuff (7)
-
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
inclusions (4)
-
Indian Ocean (1)
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Mauritius (1)
-
-
intrusions (4)
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca (1)
-
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
-
lava (3)
-
magmas (4)
-
maps (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Javelina Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
-
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (2)
-
gold ores (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (1)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
phyllites (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
oceanography (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
paleogeography (1)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
-
paragenesis (2)
-
petrology (4)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (2)
-
pollution (1)
-
Precambrian
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
reefs (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (1)
-
iron formations (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (2)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (1)
-
laminations (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (5)
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (2)
-
clastic sediments
-
quartz sand (1)
-
sand (1)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
silicon
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
soils (1)
-
South America
-
Argentina
-
Rio Negro Argentina (1)
-
-
Colombia
-
Antioquia Colombia (1)
-
-
Patagonia (1)
-
-
structural geology (1)
-
tectonics (1)
-
United States
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
Colorado (1)
-
Delmarva Peninsula (1)
-
Nevada
-
Clark County Nevada (1)
-
-
Texas
-
Brewster County Texas
-
Big Bend National Park (1)
-
-
-
Trans-Pecos (1)
-
Virginia
-
Northampton County Virginia
-
Oyster Virginia (1)
-
-
-
-
waste disposal (1)
-
weathering (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (1)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (1)
-
iron formations (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (2)
-
siltstone (1)
-
-
-
volcaniclastics (4)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures (1)
-
planar bedding structures
-
bedding (1)
-
laminations (1)
-
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (2)
-
clastic sediments
-
quartz sand (1)
-
sand (1)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
volcaniclastics (4)
-
-
soils
-
soils (1)
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Date
Availability
agglomerate
Early Stages of Mineral Formation in Water: From Ion Pairs to Crystals Open Access
The Tennis Ball Marker in the south-eastern Bushveld Complex: comparison with the Boulder Bed of the Western Bushveld Complex and proposed genesis by disaggregation of intrusive sills in processes akin to those involved in the formation of peperites and mafic enclave swarms Available to Purchase
Biomagnetism: Insights Into Magnetic Minerals Produced by Microorganisms Available to Purchase
Assessment of Groundwater and Surface Soil using Multivariate Statistical Techniques and Contamination Indices: A Case Study of Gurugram Millennium City, Haryana, India Available to Purchase
Composite Nanoarchitectonics of LaNi 0.95 Fe 0.05 O 3 /Muscovite for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Available to Purchase
Oxide-Sulfide-Melt-Bubble Interactions in Spinel-Rich Taxitic Rocks of the Norilsk-Talnakh Intrusions, Polar Siberia Available to Purchase
Synthesis of natural zeolite agglomerates: clinoptilolite-based geopolymers through aluminate activation Available to Purchase
The Carboniferous Shikebutai Iron Deposit in Western Tianshan, Northwestern China: Petrology, Fe-O-C-Si Isotopes, and Implications for Iron Pathways Available to Purchase
The Nuevo Chaquiro Cu-Au-(Mo) Porphyry Deposit, Middle Cauca Belt, Colombia: Geology, Alteration, Mineralization Available to Purchase
ICE-BENTONITE POWDER MIXING METHOD TO IMPROVE THE HOMOGENEITY OF COMPACTED BENTONITE IN AN INITIAL SAMPLE PREPARATION STAGE Available to Purchase
Pyroclastic Volcanism in Papaghni Sub-basin, Andhra Pradesh: Significant Paleoproterozoic Tectonomagmatic Event in SW Part of the Cuddapah Basin, Eastern Dharwar Craton Available to Purchase
Volcanoes of the McCullough Range, southern Nevada Available to Purchase
The McCullough Range preserves a unique record of Miocene volcanism in the western Lake Mead area of Nevada. The basal part of the volcanic section is composed of interbedded basalt and dacite of the McClanahan Spring, Cactus Hill, and McCullough Wash volcanoes (Eldorado Valley volcanic section), and the Colony volcano, which is age-equivalent to, but does not crop out within, the Eldorado Valley volcanic section (18.5–15.2 Ma). These units lie on Precambrian basement and locally on the Peach Springs Tuff (18.5 Ma). Over 400 m of andesite lava, agglomerate, and breccia of the Farmer Canyon volcanic section forms the McCullough stratovolcano. Eruptions occurring after 15.2 Ma were lower in volume and are mainly present on the flanks of the McCullough stratovolcano. These include the eruption of (1) the McCullough Pass caldera and outflow tuff (14.1 Ma), (2) Hidden Valley andesite, including 300 m of andesite lavas erupted from local centers (mainly cinder cones), (3) four Sloan volcanoes on the west flank of the McCullough stratovolcano (Mount Ian, Mount Sutor, Center Mountain, and Mount Hanna) (13.1 Ma), and (4) the Hender son dome complex on the northern flank of the McCullough stratovolcano. The volcanic rocks in the McCullough Range are calc-alkaline and vary in composition from rhyolite to basalt. Intermediate compositions (andesite and dacite) prevail, while basalt and rhyolite are rare. The trace-element signature (low Nb, Ti, Zr, and P compared to primitive mantle) is an indication of either a magma source in the continental lithosphere or lithospheric contamination. Rhyolite and dacite probably formed by partial melting of crust, while mafic magmas (basalt and andesite) either originated by melting of lithospheric mantle or reflect asthenospheric magmas contaminated in the lithosphere.
Middle Jurassic rhyolite volcanism of eastern Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula: age correlations and stratigraphic relationships Available to Purchase
Origin of accretionary lapilli within ground-hugging density currents: Evidence from pyroclastic couplets on Tenerife Available to Purchase
Evidence for Late Cretaceous Volcanism in Trans-Pecos Texas Available to Purchase
A guide to the use of volcaniclastic nomenclature in engineering investigations Available to Purchase
Speleogenesis of the Mount Elgon elephant caves, Kenya Available to Purchase
The eastern flanks of Mount Elgon, an early Miocene stratovolcano, host caves (∼150 m long, ∼60 m wide, ∼10 m high) of debatable origin. Many animals, primarily elephants, “mine” the pyroclastic bedrock for sodium-rich salts. Speleogenesis has been argued to be primarily zoogeomorphic, or primarily dissolutional with only minor zoogeomorphic modification. This report provides the first detailed mapping and geomorphological study of the caves. Speleogenesis is polygenetic and strongly related to lithology. Geological units are, from the top down, ∼2 m of dense pyroclastic agglomerate cap rock over which water falls, ∼10 m of more permeable agglomerate, up to ∼0.2 m of discontinuous impermeable lava, ∼2 m of very soft and permeable agglomerate, and >2 m of impermeable swelling-clay tuff. Caves develop behind waterfalls under surface stream valleys by sapping of the incompetent agglomerate above the clay, and failure of the clay (aquiclude and base level for speleogenesis), followed by collapse of harder agglomerate layers above. The dominant passage shape is breakdown dome, with abundant fresh collapse. Geophagy by elephants and other species, and human mining significantly modify and enlarge the caves and remove collapse debris. These activities, focused on accessible and salt-rich units, create quasi-horizontal undercuts (up to ∼4 m tall and deep), the loci of which move upward as collapse raises the floor. Significant erosion also occurs by incongruent dissolution, corrosion, pressure release, efflorescence flaking, and biogeochemical activity from huge bat colonies. No evidence was found of channeled flow, or of phreatic or vadose activity. These caves are probably no older than Holocene.