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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Ethiopia (1)
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Kenya (1)
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Tanzania (2)
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Mozambique Belt (1)
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Altyn Tagh Fault (1)
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South China Block (1)
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Xizang China (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Deccan Plateau (1)
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Gujarat India
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Saurashtra (1)
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Madhya Pradesh India (1)
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Coast Ranges (1)
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North America (1)
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Peninsular Ranges (1)
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Sierra Nevada (1)
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South America
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Brazil (1)
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United States
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California
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Southern California (1)
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Transverse Ranges (1)
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elements, isotopes
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hydrogen (1)
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metals
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iron
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ferric iron (2)
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oxygen (1)
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silicon (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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ultramafics
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peridotites (1)
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pyroxenite (1)
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pyrolite (4)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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eclogite (1)
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minerals
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minerals (2)
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oxides
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iron oxides (1)
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magnetite (1)
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periclase (1)
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titanium oxides (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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diopside (1)
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orthopyroxene (1)
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framework silicates
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silica minerals
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stishovite (1)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group
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majorite (1)
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pyrope (1)
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olivine group
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fayalite (1)
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forsterite (2)
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olivine (7)
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ringwoodite (4)
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wadsleyite (10)
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Primary terms
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Africa
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East Africa
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Ethiopia (1)
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Kenya (1)
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Tanzania (2)
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Mozambique Belt (1)
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Altyn Tagh Fault (1)
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South China Block (1)
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Xizang China (1)
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-
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Deccan Plateau (1)
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Gujarat India
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Saurashtra (1)
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Madhya Pradesh India (1)
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core (1)
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crust (4)
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crystal chemistry (1)
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crystal structure (1)
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deformation (1)
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earthquakes (4)
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geophysical methods (3)
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ground water (1)
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heat flow (1)
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hydrogen (1)
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igneous rocks
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plutonic rocks
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ultramafics
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peridotites (1)
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pyroxenite (1)
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magmas (1)
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mantle (23)
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metals
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iron
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ferric iron (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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eclogite (1)
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minerals (2)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (2)
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North America (1)
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oxygen (1)
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phase equilibria (4)
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plate tectonics (5)
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silicon (1)
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South America
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Brazil (1)
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springs (1)
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thermal waters (1)
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United States
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California
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Southern California (1)
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Transverse Ranges (1)
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rock formations
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Deccan Traps (1)
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410-km discontinuity
Elasticity of single-crystal Fe-enriched diopside at high-pressure conditions: Implications for the origin of upper mantle low-velocity zones
Foundered lithospheric segments dropped into the mantle transition zone beneath southern California, USA
Transition metals in the transition zone: Crystal chemistry of minor element substitution in wadsleyite
Modeling dislocation glide and lattice friction in Mg 2 SiO 4 wadsleyite in conditions of the Earth’s transition zone
(FeH) 1−x Ti x O 2 : A new water carrier to the mantle transition zone
Elastic wave velocities in polycrystalline Mg 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 -pyrope garnet to 24 GPa and 1300 K
Quantification of water in majoritic garnet
Lateral Variations of the Mantle Transition Zone Structure beneath Eastern China
Tetrahedral ferric iron in oxidized hydrous wadsleyite
Imprints of volcanism in the upper mantle beneath the NW Deccan volcanic province
The Crustal and Upper-Mantle Structures beneath the Northeastern Margin of Tibet
The upper-mantle low-velocity anomaly beneath Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania: Constraints on the origin of the African superswell in eastern Africa and plate versus plume models of mantle dynamics
To further advance our understanding of the way in which a portion of the African superswell in eastern Africa formed, and also to draw attention to the importance of eastern Africa for the plume versus plate debate about mantle dynamics, upper-mantle structure beneath eastern Africa is reviewed by synthesizing published results from three types of analyses applied to broadband seismic data recorded in Tanzania, Kenya, and Ethiopia. (1) Joint inversions of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion measurements show that the lithospheric mantle of the Ethiopian Plateau has been significantly perturbed, much more so than the lithospheric mantle of the East African Plateau. (2) Body wave tomography reveals a broad (≥300 km wide) and deep (≥400 km) low-velocity anomaly beneath the Ethiopian Plateau and the eastern branch of the rift system in Kenya and Tanzania. (3) Receiver function stacks showing Ps conversions from the 410 km discontinuity beneath the eastern branch in Kenya and Tanzania reveal that this discontinuity is depressed by 20–40 km in the same location as the low-velocity anomaly. The coincidence of the depressed 410 km discontinuity and the low-velocity anomaly indicates that the low-velocity anomaly is caused primarily by temperatures several hundred degrees higher than ambient mantle temperatures. These findings cannot be explained easily by models invoking a plume head and tail, unless there are a sufficient number of plume tails presently under eastern Africa side-by-side to create a broad and deep thermal structure. These findings also cannot be easily explained by the plate model. In contrast, the breadth and depth of the upper-mantle thermal structure can be explained by the African superplume, which in some tomographic models extends into the upper mantle beneath eastern Africa. Consequently, a superplume origin for the anomalous topography of the African superswell in eastern Africa, in addition to the Cenozoic rifting and volcanism found there, is favored.