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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Congo Democratic Republic (1)
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Congo Craton (1)
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East Africa
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Kenya (1)
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Nubian Shield (1)
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Southern Africa
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Barberton greenstone belt (1)
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Namibia
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South Africa
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Free State South Africa
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Transvaal region (1)
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Zimbabwe
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Asia
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Far East
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Highland region Scotland
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Rhum (1)
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Front Range (1)
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International Ocean Discovery Program
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Expedition 352
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IODP Site U1439 (1)
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IODP Site U1442 (1)
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Iron Mountain (1)
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North America
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North American Cordillera
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Rocky Mountains
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Oceania
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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West Pacific
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Georgia
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alkaline earth metals
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chromium (7)
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iron
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upper Pleistocene
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upper Paleozoic (1)
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igneous rocks
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pseudobrookite (1)
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rutile (1)
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sapphire (6)
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spinel (6)
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tantalates
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-
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titanium oxides (2)
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phosphates
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apatite (2)
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fluorapatite (1)
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monazite (2)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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sapphirine (2)
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-
amphibole group
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clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (3)
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kaersutite (2)
-
tschermakite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (1)
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augite (2)
-
clinoenstatite (1)
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diopside (2)
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jadeite (1)
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pigeonite (1)
-
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orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
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feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
anorthoclase (1)
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
sanidine (2)
-
-
plagioclase (9)
-
-
silica minerals
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quartz (3)
-
-
zeolite group (1)
-
-
orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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andalusite (1)
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garnet group
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almandine (1)
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andradite (1)
-
grossular (1)
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pyrope (5)
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spessartine (1)
-
-
olivine group
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forsterite (1)
-
olivine (22)
-
-
sillimanite (3)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (53)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
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cordierite (2)
-
-
sheet silicates
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chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
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mica group
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biotite (3)
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phlogopite (6)
-
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serpentine group
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serpentine (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfides
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molybdenite (1)
-
-
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Primary terms
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absolute age (53)
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Africa
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East Africa
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South Africa
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Free State South Africa
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Transvaal region (1)
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Zimbabwe
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Antarctica
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Asia
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Far East
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Indonesia
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Japan
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Atlantic Ocean
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Australasia
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Canada
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Ontario
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Quebec
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Nunavut
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Western Canada
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Saskatchewan
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Yukon Territory (2)
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Whitehorse Trough (1)
-
-
carbon
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C-13/C-12 (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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Bandelier Tuff (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Allerod (1)
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-
-
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Tertiary
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middle Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Pliocene (3)
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Paleogene
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Central America
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Irazu (1)
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crust (24)
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East Pacific Ocean Islands
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economic geology (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Central Europe
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Poland
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Italy
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Western Europe
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Scotland
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Rhum (1)
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Highland region Scotland
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Inverness-shire Scotland
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Rhum (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
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faults (2)
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folds (1)
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foliation (1)
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gems (7)
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geochemistry (38)
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geochronology (7)
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geophysical methods (1)
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hydrogen (2)
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igneous rocks
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kimberlite (21)
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picrite (1)
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anorthosite (2)
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diabase (2)
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tonalite (2)
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gabbros
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norite (1)
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granites
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A-type granites (1)
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charnockite (1)
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felsite (1)
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monzogranite (2)
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S-type granites (1)
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granodiorites (4)
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ijolite (1)
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lamproite (5)
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lamprophyres (7)
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monzonites
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pegmatite (2)
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syenites
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albitite (1)
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syenite porphyry (1)
-
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ultramafics
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chromitite (3)
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peridotites
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garnet peridotite (2)
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harzburgite (5)
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lherzolite (8)
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spinel lherzolite (1)
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spinel peridotite (1)
-
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pyroxenite
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clinopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
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adakites (1)
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andesites
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boninite (1)
-
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basalts
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alkali basalts
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hawaiite (1)
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trachybasalts (1)
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flood basalts (3)
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ocean-island basalts (2)
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shoshonite (1)
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tholeiite (1)
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basanite (2)
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dacites (4)
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glasses (3)
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komatiite (3)
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melilitite (1)
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nephelinite (1)
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phonolites (1)
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pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (1)
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ignimbrite (2)
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rhyolite tuff (2)
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tuff (5)
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welded tuff (1)
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rhyodacites (1)
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rhyolites
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quartz porphyry (1)
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trachyandesites
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trachytes (1)
-
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (10)
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intrusions (47)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
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Ra-226 (1)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
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Th-230 (1)
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U-238 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (9)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
O-18/O-16 (10)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (11)
-
-
-
lava (10)
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magmas (64)
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mantle (38)
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous (2)
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Middle Cretaceous (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (1)
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Laberge Group (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
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Josephine Ophiolite (1)
-
-
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
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Triassic (1)
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upper Mesozoic
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Yixian Formation (1)
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-
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metal ores
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base metals (1)
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chromite ores (1)
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copper ores (2)
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gold ores (3)
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molybdenum ores (1)
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metals
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actinides
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thorium
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Th-230 (1)
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-
uranium
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U-238 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
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rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
magnesium
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (11)
-
-
-
chromium (7)
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cobalt (1)
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copper (2)
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gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (9)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
nickel (1)
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platinum group
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platinum ores (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
titanium (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (2)
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eclogite (5)
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gneisses
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augen gneiss (1)
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biotite gneiss (1)
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granite gneiss (2)
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orthogneiss (3)
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granulites (3)
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impactites (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metapelite (2)
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metasomatic rocks
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skarn (1)
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metavolcanic rocks (1)
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greenstone (1)
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metamorphism (13)
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Mohorovicic discontinuity (2)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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xenon (1)
-
-
North America
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Appalachians
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Piedmont (1)
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Southern Appalachians (1)
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Valley and Ridge Province (1)
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Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
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Hearne Province (2)
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Rae Province (1)
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Nain Province (1)
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Slave Province (2)
-
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (2)
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Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Sawatch Range (1)
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-
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Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
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Oceania
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Melanesia (1)
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Honolulu County Hawaii
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Oahu (1)
-
-
-
-
-
orogeny (4)
-
oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (10)
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-
Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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West Pacific
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Northwest Pacific (1)
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-
-
paleogeography (3)
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paleomagnetism (1)
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Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (2)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
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Emsian (1)
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Shap Granite (1)
-
-
-
Helderberg Group (1)
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Keyser Limestone (1)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (1)
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Meguma Group (3)
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Middle Ordovician (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian (1)
-
-
-
Permian (2)
-
Silurian
-
Middle Silurian
-
McKenzie Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan
-
Tonoloway Limestone (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
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paragenesis (4)
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petrology (10)
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Phanerozoic (2)
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phase equilibria (4)
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phosphorus (1)
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placers (1)
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plate tectonics (16)
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pollution (2)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Bulawayan Group (1)
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Neoarchean (2)
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Paleoarchean (2)
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Hadean (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (4)
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Neoproterozoic (4)
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Paleoproterozoic
-
Wollaston Group (1)
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-
-
-
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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grainstone (1)
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-
clastic rocks
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black shale (1)
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conglomerate (1)
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-
sedimentary structures (1)
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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alluvium (2)
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silicon (1)
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soils (1)
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Solomon Islands (1)
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South America
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Andes
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Central Andes (1)
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Argentina (1)
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Chile
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Tatara-San Pedro Complex (1)
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spectroscopy (2)
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structural analysis (2)
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sulfur (1)
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tectonics (7)
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United States
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Alaska
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Chugach Mountains (1)
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Talkeetna Mountains (1)
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Arizona
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Apache County Arizona (1)
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Arkansas
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California
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Central California (1)
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Northern California (2)
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Sierra Nevada Batholith (1)
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Siskiyou County California
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Trinity County California (2)
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Colorado
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Florida
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Georgia
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Great Basin (1)
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Hawaii
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Idaho
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Maine
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Michigan (1)
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Montana
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Judith Basin County Montana (1)
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Nevada
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New Mexico
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New York
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Pennsylvania
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Sevier orogenic belt (1)
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Virginia
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Wyoming
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USSR (1)
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rock formations
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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clastic rocks
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-
-
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sedimentary structures
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sedimentary structures (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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alluvium (2)
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-
-
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soils
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soils (1)
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xenocrysts
Crystal entrainment from cool, low-silica rocks into hot, high-silica melts: diverse primary melt compositions at Taranaki volcano, New Zealand
The jagged western edge of Laurentia: The role of inherited rifted lithospheric structure in subsequent tectonism in the Pacific Northwest
ABSTRACT The rifted Precambrian margin of western Laurentia is hypothesized to have consisted of a series of ~330°-oriented rift segments and ~060°-oriented transform segments. One difficulty with this idea is that the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr i = 0.706 isopleth, which is inferred to coincide with the trace of this rifted margin, is oriented approximately N-S along the western edge of the Idaho batholith and E-W in northern Idaho; the transition between the N-S– and E-W–oriented segments occurs near Orofino, Idaho. We present new paleomagnetic and geochronologic evidence that indicates that the area around Orofino, Idaho, has rotated ~30° clockwise since ca. 85 Ma. Consequently, we interpret the current N-S–oriented margin as originally oriented ~330°, consistent with a Precambrian rift segment, and the E-W margin as originally oriented ~060°, consistent with a transform segment. Independent geochemical and seismic evidence corroborates this interpretation of rotation of Blue Mountains terranes and adjacent Laurentian block. Left-lateral motion along the Lewis and Clark zone during Late Cretaceous–Paleogene time likely accommodated this rotation. The clockwise rotation partially explains the presence of the Columbia embayment, as Laurentian lithosphere was located further west. Restoration of the rotation results in a reconstructed Neoproterozoic margin with a distinct promontory and embayment, and it constrains the rifting direction as SW oriented. The rigid Precambrian rift-transform corner created a transpressional syntaxis during middle Cretaceous deformation associated with the western Idaho and Ahsahka shear zones. During the late Miocene to present, the Precambrian rift-transform corner has acted as a fulcrum, with the Blue Mountains terranes as the lever arm. This motion also explains the paired fan-shaped contractional deformation of the Yakima fold-and-thrust belt and fan-shaped extensional deformation in the Hells Canyon extensional province.