- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Asia
-
Himalayas (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Otway Basin (1)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
Black Hills (1)
-
Caledonides (1)
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
Western Alps
-
Mont Blanc (1)
-
Savoy Alps (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Switzerland
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
-
Jura Mountains (1)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Haute-Savoie France
-
Savoy Alps (1)
-
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Front Range (2)
-
Granite Mountains (5)
-
Green River basin (3)
-
Lewis thrust fault (1)
-
Madison Range (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians (1)
-
North American Cordillera (2)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Central Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range
-
Beartooth Mountains (3)
-
-
Bighorn Mountains (3)
-
Laramie Mountains (2)
-
Owl Creek Mountains (4)
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (2)
-
Uinta Mountains (3)
-
Wasatch Range (1)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
Wind River Range (72)
-
-
-
Rocky Mountains foreland (6)
-
Western Overthrust Belt (1)
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
Ruby Mountains (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (2)
-
South America
-
Andes (1)
-
Brazil (1)
-
Venezuela
-
Lake Maracaibo (2)
-
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Ross Sea
-
McMurdo Sound (1)
-
-
-
Taranaki Basin (1)
-
United States
-
Bighorn Basin (1)
-
California (1)
-
Colorado
-
Douglas County Colorado (1)
-
Elbert County Colorado (1)
-
Garfield County Colorado (1)
-
Piceance Basin (1)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Denver Basin (1)
-
Idaho (3)
-
Louisiana (2)
-
Mississippi Delta (2)
-
Montana
-
Carbon County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
White Pine County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Mexico
-
Rio Arriba County New Mexico
-
Nacimiento Mountains (1)
-
-
-
North Carolina (1)
-
Powder River basin (1)
-
Sevier orogenic belt (2)
-
South Dakota (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range
-
Beartooth Mountains (3)
-
-
Bighorn Mountains (3)
-
Laramie Mountains (2)
-
Owl Creek Mountains (4)
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (2)
-
Uinta Mountains (3)
-
Wasatch Range (1)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
Wind River Range (72)
-
-
Utah
-
Daggett County Utah (1)
-
Millard County Utah
-
House Range (1)
-
-
Weber County Utah
-
Ogden Utah (1)
-
-
-
Western U.S. (5)
-
Wyoming
-
Big Horn County Wyoming (2)
-
Carbon County Wyoming
-
Seminoe Mountains (2)
-
-
Fremont County Wyoming (29)
-
Great Divide Basin (1)
-
Natrona County Wyoming (3)
-
Owl Creek Mountains (4)
-
Sheridan County Wyoming (2)
-
Sublette County Wyoming (11)
-
Sweetwater County Wyoming (5)
-
Teton County Wyoming
-
Grand Teton National Park (1)
-
-
Washakie County Wyoming (2)
-
Wind River Range (72)
-
-
Wyoming Province (8)
-
-
Wind River (1)
-
Wind River basin (3)
-
-
commodities
-
energy sources (1)
-
metal ores
-
iron ores (1)
-
uranium ores (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (1)
-
-
shale oil (1)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
-
chlorine
-
Cl-36 (2)
-
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (8)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (4)
-
C-14 (1)
-
Cl-36 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (4)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
chromium (1)
-
iron (1)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
ichnofossils
-
Thalassinoides (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Echinodermata (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (3)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (1)
-
exposure age (3)
-
fission-track dating (2)
-
K/Ar (2)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
-
Rb/Sr (2)
-
Sm/Nd (1)
-
tephrochronology (1)
-
thermochronology (2)
-
U/Pb (5)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Bull Lake Glaciation (4)
-
Pinedale Glaciation (2)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (1)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Wind River Formation (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene (2)
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Carrara Marble (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (4)
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Dinwoody Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (2)
-
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Amsden Formation (1)
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
-
Tensleep Sandstone (2)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (4)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites (5)
-
pegmatite (3)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
cataclasites (1)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (1)
-
metaigneous rocks (2)
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (2)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
migmatites
-
agmatite (1)
-
-
mylonites (2)
-
schists
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
calcite (2)
-
-
minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
gahnite (1)
-
spinel (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (2)
-
monazite (2)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (3)
-
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
gypsum (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (11)
-
Antarctica (1)
-
Asia
-
Himalayas (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Otway Basin (1)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (1)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Bull Lake Glaciation (4)
-
Pinedale Glaciation (2)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
middle Tertiary (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (1)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Wind River Formation (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene (2)
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
climate change (1)
-
crust (13)
-
data processing (1)
-
deformation (9)
-
diagenesis (1)
-
economic geology (3)
-
education (1)
-
energy sources (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
Western Alps
-
Mont Blanc (1)
-
Savoy Alps (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Switzerland
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
-
-
Jura Mountains (1)
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Haute-Savoie France
-
Savoy Alps (1)
-
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Norway (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland (1)
-
-
-
-
-
faults (21)
-
folds (10)
-
foliation (2)
-
fractures (2)
-
geochemistry (9)
-
geochronology (7)
-
geomorphology (4)
-
geophysical methods (11)
-
geophysics (1)
-
geosynclines (1)
-
glacial geology (3)
-
ground water (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
hydrology (2)
-
ichnofossils
-
Thalassinoides (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites (5)
-
pegmatite (3)
-
-
-
intrusions (9)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Echinodermata (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Gastropoda (1)
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
-
isostasy (1)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10 (4)
-
C-14 (1)
-
Cl-36 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
magmas (1)
-
maps (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Carrara Marble (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous (4)
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Dinwoody Formation (2)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
iron ores (1)
-
uranium ores (2)
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (4)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
chromium (1)
-
iron (1)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (2)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (4)
-
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
cataclasites (1)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (1)
-
metaigneous rocks (2)
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (2)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
migmatites
-
agmatite (1)
-
-
mylonites (2)
-
schists
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
-
metamorphism (6)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineralogy (1)
-
minerals (1)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians (1)
-
North American Cordillera (2)
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Central Rocky Mountains (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range
-
Beartooth Mountains (3)
-
-
Bighorn Mountains (3)
-
Laramie Mountains (2)
-
Owl Creek Mountains (4)
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (2)
-
Uinta Mountains (3)
-
Wasatch Range (1)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
Wind River Range (72)
-
-
-
Rocky Mountains foreland (6)
-
Western Overthrust Belt (1)
-
Williston Basin (1)
-
-
orogeny (2)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (3)
-
-
paleoclimatology (2)
-
paleoecology (2)
-
paleogeography (5)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
-
paleontology (4)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Flathead Sandstone (2)
-
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Amsden Formation (1)
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Park City Formation (1)
-
-
Tensleep Sandstone (2)
-
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
shale gas (1)
-
-
shale oil (1)
-
-
petrology (6)
-
phase equilibria (1)
-
plate tectonics (3)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (4)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
remote sensing (2)
-
sea-level changes (2)
-
sedimentary petrology (2)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (1)
-
limestone
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
iron formations (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
conglomerate (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
planar bedding structures
-
varves (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation (1)
-
-
sedimentation (6)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
boulders (3)
-
outwash (1)
-
till (2)
-
-
-
seismology (3)
-
soils (2)
-
South America
-
Andes (1)
-
Brazil (1)
-
Venezuela
-
Lake Maracaibo (2)
-
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Ross Sea
-
McMurdo Sound (1)
-
-
-
spectroscopy (2)
-
springs (1)
-
stratigraphy (3)
-
structural analysis (2)
-
structural geology (11)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
tectonics (21)
-
tectonophysics (1)
-
United States
-
Bighorn Basin (1)
-
California (1)
-
Colorado
-
Douglas County Colorado (1)
-
Elbert County Colorado (1)
-
Garfield County Colorado (1)
-
Piceance Basin (1)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Denver Basin (1)
-
Idaho (3)
-
Louisiana (2)
-
Mississippi Delta (2)
-
Montana
-
Carbon County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
White Pine County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Mexico
-
Rio Arriba County New Mexico
-
Nacimiento Mountains (1)
-
-
-
North Carolina (1)
-
Powder River basin (1)
-
Sevier orogenic belt (2)
-
South Dakota (1)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Absaroka Range
-
Beartooth Mountains (3)
-
-
Bighorn Mountains (3)
-
Laramie Mountains (2)
-
Owl Creek Mountains (4)
-
San Juan Mountains (1)
-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (2)
-
Uinta Mountains (3)
-
Wasatch Range (1)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
Wind River Range (72)
-
-
Utah
-
Daggett County Utah (1)
-
Millard County Utah
-
House Range (1)
-
-
Weber County Utah
-
Ogden Utah (1)
-
-
-
Western U.S. (5)
-
Wyoming
-
Big Horn County Wyoming (2)
-
Carbon County Wyoming
-
Seminoe Mountains (2)
-
-
Fremont County Wyoming (29)
-
Great Divide Basin (1)
-
Natrona County Wyoming (3)
-
Owl Creek Mountains (4)
-
Sheridan County Wyoming (2)
-
Sublette County Wyoming (11)
-
Sweetwater County Wyoming (5)
-
Teton County Wyoming
-
Grand Teton National Park (1)
-
-
Washakie County Wyoming (2)
-
Wind River Range (72)
-
-
Wyoming Province (8)
-
-
weathering (3)
-
well-logging (2)
-
-
rock formations
-
Chugwater Formation (1)
-
Fort Union Formation (2)
-
Goose Egg Formation (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
oolite (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (1)
-
limestone
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
iron formations (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
conglomerate (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
boudinage (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
planar bedding structures
-
varves (1)
-
-
soft sediment deformation (1)
-
-
-
sediments
-
oolite (1)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
boulders (3)
-
outwash (1)
-
till (2)
-
-
-
-
soils
-
paleosols (2)
-
soils (2)
-
Wind River Range
Predictive models for the deep geometry of a thick-skinned thrust matched to crustal structure: Wind River Range, western USA
Terrestrial paleoenvironmental reconstructions indicate transient peak warming during the early Eocene climatic optimum
Abstract A synthesis of low-temperature thermochronologic results throughout the Laramide foreland illustrates that samples from wellbores in Laramide basins record either (1) detrital Laramide or older cooling ages in the upper ~1 km (0.62 mi) of the wellbore, with younger ages at greater depths as temperatures increase; or (2) Neogene cooling ages. Surface samples from Laramide ranges typically record either Laramide or older cooling ages. It is apparent that for any particular area the complexity of the cooling history, and hence the tectonic history interpreted from the cooling history, increases as the number of studies or the area covered by a study increases. Most Laramide ranges probably experienced a complex tectono-thermal evolution. Deriving a regional timing sequence for the evolution of the Laramide basins and ranges is still elusive, although a compilation of low-temperature thermochronology data from ranges in the Laramide foreland suggests a younging of the ranges to the south and southwest. Studies of subsurface samples from Laramide basins have, in some cases, been integrated with and used to constrain results from basin burial-history modeling. Current exploration for unconventional shale-oil or shale-gas plays in the Rocky Mountains has renewed interest in thermal and burial history modeling as an aid in evaluating thermal maturity and understanding petroleum systems.This paper suggests that low-temperature thermochronometers are underutilized tools that can provide additional constraints to burial-history modeling and source rock evaluation in the Rocky Mountain region.
Calcite precipitation driven by the common ion effect during groundwater–surface-water mixing: A potentially common process in streams with geologic settings containing gypsum
Integrating hydrology and geophysics into a traditional geology field course: The use of advanced project options
The incorporation of increasingly multidisciplinary aspects of geoscience curricula into a traditional geology field camp requires compromises. Among these, decisions about projects to reduce or eliminate and course prerequisites are two of the most challenging. Over the past 10 yr, the University of Missouri’s geology field camp has completed a two-stage plan to expand our projects in hydrology and geophysics while maintaining traditional aspects of our course and our standard prerequisites. The first stage added projects in surface and groundwater hydrology, seismic refraction, and surficial mapping during the fifth week of our six-week course, replacing an existing mapping project. The second stage added advanced project options that students can select to complete during the last week of the course. Advanced projects in hydrology and geophysics were added as alternatives to the existing hard-rock structural analysis project that had been the sixth-week project for all students. This staged addition has allowed us to: (1) integrate these projects into a curriculum that maintains a strong emphasis on historical bedrock geology, geologic mapping, and three-dimensional visualization; and (2) accommodate differences in the coursework that students have completed prior to beginning the field camp. Rather than requiring students to have prerequisite courses in hydrogeology or geophysics in order to select these advanced project options, we include sufficient instruction during the fifth and sixth weeks that builds upon previous projects to provide the required background. To set up the context for our expanded hydrology and geophysics projects, this paper briefly describes our traditional field projects and our instructional philosophies. We describe the expanded projects that have been implemented during the fifth and sixth weeks of our course, project objectives, and the ways that these projects reinforce lessons learned during traditional field projects. We present the results of student surveys that have been used to evaluate the success of these efforts, and we discuss the personnel and equipment expenses required.
A monazite oxygen isotope thermometer
Archean crustal growth by lateral accretion of juvenile supracrustal belts in the south-central Wyoming Province
Isotopic constraints on the thermal history of the Wind River Range, Wyoming: implications for Archean metamorphism
The Teton – Wind River domain: a 2.68–2.67 Ga active margin in the western Wyoming Province
The tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) to granodiorite–granite (GG) transition in the late Archean plutonic rocks of the central Wyoming Province
Archean geochronological framework of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming
Thick-skinned and thin-skinned styles of continental contraction
Continental crust subjected to horizontal contraction in convergent settings deforms in a variety of styles. In many instances, it is useful to consider the deforming crustal sections in terms of crystalline basement rocks underlying incipiently undeformed sedimentary strata. Three deformation styles are commonly found in such settings. The structural style referred to as thin-skinned tectonics encompasses a stack of thrust sheets composed of non- or weakly metamorphic sedimentary rocks. The associated thrust faults usually level off in a mechanically weak décollement horizon along which a substantial amount of displacement occurs in the course of the formation of the fold-and-thrust belt. Thrust faults may also cut down into the crystalline basement and level off a few kilometers beneath the basement-cover interface. The term basement-involved thin-skinned tectonics is proposed to describe this style of continental contraction. This style, too, is characterized by stacks of thrust sheets. In many cases however, such nappe stacks are overprinted by pervasive folding of a crust thermally weakened by magmatic activity or regional burial metamorphism. Thick-skinned tectonics seems less common. This style implies that thrust faults cut across the entire upper crust (and possibly the lower crust). The associated continental contraction is smaller, and the ensuing deformation is characterized by warping of the basement-cover interface. Displacements accumulated in a major basal detachment horizon may connect into mantle by means of a subduction zone. However, under elevated temperatures, pervasive deformation of the hanging wall and footwall rocks may compensate large displacements over relatively short distances. Thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts are common on both sides of collisional orogens. Noncollisional orogens tend to be more asymmetric.