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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Date
Availability
Willapa Bay
Reconstruction of brackish-water systems using an ichnological framework Available to Purchase
VARIATION IN BURROW-WALL MICROMORPHOLOGIES OF SELECT INTERTIDAL INVERTEBRATES ALONG THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST COAST, USA: BEHAVIORAL AND DIAGENETIC IMPLICATIONS Available to Purchase
Up-Estuary Variation of Sedimentary Facies and Ichnocoenoses in an Open-Mouthed, Macrotidal, Mixed-Energy Estuary, Gomso Bay, Korea Available to Purchase
PLEISTOCENE WALRUS HERDS IN THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA AREA: TRACE-FOSSIL EVIDENCE OF PREDATION BY HYDRAULIC JETTING Available to Purchase
Groundwater surface trends from ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles taken across Late Holocene barriers and beach plains of the Columbia River littoral system, Pacific Northwest Coast, USA Available to Purchase
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) records of groundwater surface (GWS) reflections have been analyzed from 40 across-barrier profiles, totaling 50 km in combined length, taken from barrier spits and beach plains of the Columbia River littoral system. The barriers and beach plains host shallow fresh-water aquifers in the prograded beach deposits and abandoned foredune ridges, totaling 10–30 m in thickness. Study results demonstrate that GWS reflections could be traced continuously at subsurface depths of 1–15 m with the GPR 100 MHz and 50 MHz antennae using 400 V and 1000 V transmitters. Boreholes (62 in number) and lake water levels (24 in number) provide ground-truthing of the across-barrier GWS trends interpreted from the GPR profiles. The GWS rises in elevation (4–8 m above base level) under high, broad foredune-ridges and drops under interdune ridge valleys (1–3 m above base level). Continuous profiles of GWS demonstrate that lakes, ponds, and bogs of the barriers and beach plains are “windows” into the shallow coastal aquifer. The GPR records demonstrate that the GWS slopes either to seaward (0.003–0.04 gradient) or to landward (0.001–0.05 gradient) from divides under the largest, shore-parallel dune ridges in the barriers. The GWS gradients indicate that subsurface contaminant transport from the developed dune ridges will be intercepted by intervening lakes and ponds in the interdune-ridge valleys. The GPR records also establish the effect of drainage ditches in lowering GWS elevations (1–2 m) in sensitive wetlands located 100s of meters in distance from the constructed ditches.