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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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New Jersey
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New Mexico
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New York
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North Carolina
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Ohio
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Oklahoma
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South Dakota
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Texas
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Deaf Smith County Texas (5)
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Terry County Texas (1)
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Trans-Pecos (1)
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Utah
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Virginia
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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chlorine
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Cl-36 (3)
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fluorine
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iodine
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I-129 (6)
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I-131 (1)
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-
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hydrogen
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D/H (5)
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isotope ratios (18)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Am-241 (1)
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Cl-36 (3)
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Co-60 (3)
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Cs-137 (20)
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I-129 (6)
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I-131 (1)
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K-40 (1)
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Pb-210 (4)
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Pu-239 (5)
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Ru-106 (1)
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Sr-90 (9)
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Tc-99 (9)
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tritium (11)
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stable isotopes
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Al-27 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (10)
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D/H (5)
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deuterium (2)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (11)
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Si-29 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
metals
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americium
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Am-241 (1)
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Pu-239 (5)
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Pu-240 (1)
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thorium
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uranium
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U-238 (5)
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U-238/U-234 (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (20)
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lithium (2)
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potassium
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K-40 (1)
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rubidium (1)
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sodium
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Na-22 (1)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium (3)
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beryllium
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Be-10 (1)
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calcium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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radium
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Ra-226 (4)
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Ra-228 (1)
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strontium
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Sr-85 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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Sr-90 (9)
-
-
-
aluminum
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Al-27 (1)
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antimony (1)
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bismuth (1)
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cadmium (15)
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chromium (13)
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cobalt
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Co-60 (3)
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copper (18)
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iron
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lead
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Pb-210 (4)
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manganese (4)
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platinum group
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Ru-106 (1)
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-
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polonium (1)
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precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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silver (2)
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technetium
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Tc-99 (9)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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noble gases
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helium (4)
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neon (1)
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radon
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Rn-222 (2)
-
-
-
oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (4)
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O-18/O-16 (11)
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phosphorus (8)
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silicon
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Si-29 (1)
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sulfur (4)
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trace metals (7)
-
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fossils
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bacteria
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Bacillus
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Acidithiobacillus
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Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (1)
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coliform bacteria (2)
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Pseudomonas (2)
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Thiobacillus (1)
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Invertebrata
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Mollusca (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
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-
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microfossils (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (2)
-
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Rosidae (1)
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-
-
-
-
thallophytes (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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Ar/Ar (3)
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cation-ratio dating (1)
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K/Ar (4)
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paleomagnetism (7)
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racemization (1)
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radiation damage (20)
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Rb/Sr (2)
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Th/U (2)
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thermochronology (2)
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tree rings (1)
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U/Pb (5)
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U/Th/Pb (1)
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uranium disequilibrium (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Anthropocene (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Middle Ages (2)
-
upper Holocene (3)
-
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (5)
-
Bishop Tuff (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Devensian (1)
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (3)
-
-
Siwalik System (1)
-
Tertiary
-
Catahoula Formation (1)
-
Climax Porphyry (1)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Crater Flat Tuff (5)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (1)
-
Mizunami Group (1)
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Paintbrush Tuff (14)
-
Tiva Canyon Member (7)
-
Topopah Spring Member (15)
-
upper Miocene
-
Puente Formation (1)
-
-
-
Ogallala Formation (4)
-
Pliocene (5)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Calvert Bluff Formation (1)
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian
-
London Clay (1)
-
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Carrizo Sand (1)
-
Queen City Formation (1)
-
Yegua Formation (1)
-
-
-
Oligocene
-
Boom Clay (17)
-
Frio Formation (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
Tongue River Member (1)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
Wasatch Formation (1)
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
-
Tokai Group (1)
-
Tulare Formation (1)
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Pico Formation (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Mannville Group (1)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
-
Potomac Group (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Woodbine Formation (1)
-
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Senonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Toarcian (4)
-
upper Liassic (2)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bathonian
-
Great Oolite Group (1)
-
-
Callovian (12)
-
-
Opalinus Clay (13)
-
Oxford Clay (3)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Oxfordian (14)
-
-
-
Nugget Sandstone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Bunter (1)
-
-
Sherwood Sandstone (3)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Dockum Group (2)
-
Keuper (1)
-
Mercia Mudstone (3)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Arbuckle Group (4)
-
Berea Sandstone (2)
-
Cambrian
-
Conasauga Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Rome Formation (1)
-
Shady Dolomite (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Copper Ridge Dolomite (4)
-
Eau Claire Formation (2)
-
Mount Simon Sandstone (6)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Barnett Shale (2)
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Osagian
-
Burlington Limestone (1)
-
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Chesterian
-
Aux Vases Sandstone (1)
-
Cypress Sandstone (1)
-
-
Meramecian
-
Sainte Genevieve Limestone (2)
-
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Herrin Coal Member (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Danville Coal Member (1)
-
-
Springfield Coal Member (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Missourian
-
Kansas City Group (1)
-
Lansing Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Detroit River Group (1)
-
Jeffersonville Limestone (1)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Sylvania Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
Wabamun Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Knox Group (5)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Rose Run Sandstone (4)
-
-
New Albany Shale (2)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (2)
-
Ellenburger Group (3)
-
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (3)
-
-
Maquoketa Formation (1)
-
-
Utica Shale (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Castile Formation (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Seven Rivers Formation (1)
-
Tansill Formation (1)
-
-
Hennessey Formation (1)
-
Kamthi Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Leman Sandstone Formation (1)
-
Leonardian
-
Bone Spring Limestone (1)
-
Clear Fork Group (2)
-
-
-
Rustler Formation (2)
-
Upper Permian
-
Salado Formation (4)
-
Zechstein (3)
-
-
-
Sauk Sequence (2)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (1)
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (1)
-
-
Niagaran (2)
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
Tensleep Sandstone (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Antrim Shale (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
Sausar Series (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Francevillian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (4)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
diabase (2)
-
diorites (3)
-
gabbros (2)
-
granites
-
aplite (1)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
pegmatite (2)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (1)
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
hawaiite (1)
-
-
-
glasses (5)
-
latite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (4)
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
pumice (1)
-
rhyolite tuff (2)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (26)
-
welded tuff (9)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
trachyandesites (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (1)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
-
marbles (1)
-
metaplutonic rocks (2)
-
metasedimentary rocks (2)
-
phyllites (1)
-
quartzites (1)
-
slates (2)
-
-
ophiolite (1)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
iron meteorites
-
hexahedrite (1)
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys (1)
-
arsenates
-
mimetite (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
-
arsenites (1)
-
borates
-
boracite (1)
-
borax (3)
-
kurnakovite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
calcite (22)
-
cancrinite (3)
-
cerussite (1)
-
dolomite (7)
-
hydromagnesite (2)
-
hydrotalcite (4)
-
nesquehonite (1)
-
siderite (1)
-
spurrite (1)
-
strontianite (1)
-
trona (1)
-
witherite (1)
-
-
chromates (2)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
boracite (1)
-
halite (14)
-
mimetite (1)
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GeoRef Categories
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waste disposal
Application of Geoelectrical Methods to Identify the Subsurface Layering Structure of Construction and Demolition Waste Depot Available to Purchase
Analysis of Landfill Site Suitability for Solid Waste Disposal in the Ranchi District of Jharkhand, India Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geo-Spatial Techniques Available to Purchase
High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy of boltwoodite, K 0.63 Na 0.37 [(UO 2 )(SiO 3 OH)](H 2 O) 1.5 Available to Purchase
Morphological approach to understanding mineral alteration and nanoparticle formation under alkaline conditions using granitic rock thin sections Available to Purchase
The geology of injection-induced earthquakes in the Midland Basin region: Introduction Open Access
Challenges with managing unconventional water production and disposal in the Permian Basin Available to Purchase
Effect of Layer Charge Density and Charge Location on the Swelling of Smectite: Implications for Geological Storage of CO 2 and High-Level Nuclear Wastes Available to Purchase
Monitoring CO 2 , CO and CH 4 , affected or not by ventilation and anthropogenic activities, in the galleries of the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) of Meuse/Haute-Marne Available to Purchase
Induced polarization of clay-rich materials — Part 5: Influence of hyperalkalinity in bentonites Open Access
Comparing the short-term leaching behaviour of cements containing supplementary cementitious materials in different leachants for low-level waste encapsulation Open Access
Multilayer 3D seismic attribute analysis and fault framework modeling of shallow extensional fault systems in the Delaware Basin Available to Purchase
Bridging the ecological–economic–social nexus: sustainability in radioactive waste management Available to Purchase
The future of geoenergy – a perspective Open Access
The role of geology in developing places Available to Purchase
Modelling transport pathways of faults with low hydraulic connectivity in mudstones with low swelling capacity Open Access
Estimation of Spatial and Temporal Changes in the Net Primary Productivity of an Open Cast Mine in Dongri Buzurg, Maharashtra Utilizing Satellite-based CASA Model Available to Purchase
Physico-mechanical properties of halite and gypsum–mudstone crushed rock backfills of the Mercia Mudstone Group Open Access
Abstract This volume showcases recent geological, geophysical and geochemical research on the Carboniferous Bowland Shale Formation. The Bowland Shale is a relatively thick and extensive Palaeozoic black shale unit with a long history of debate and controversy in the UK. The Bowland Shale is proven in many of the key Carboniferous basins in the Midlands, northern England and North Wales, and represents a significant, near-continuous temporal record spanning 16 Myr including the important mid-Carboniferous boundary (Mississippian–Pennsylvanian). Since the first geological surveys in the late nineteenth century, the Bowland Shale has been of interest for a variety of reasons, including the search for Irish-type Pb–Zn base metal mineral deposits, and as a source rock in conventional hydrocarbon systems. In the mid-2000s, attention turned to the Bowland Shale as a target for unconventional hydrocarbon extraction, shale gas, following success in the USA. This placed the Bowland Shale at the centre of a series of interconnected controversies and debates from the local to national scale. The geological credibility of the purported shale gas resource in the UK was – and continues to be – highly contentious. This volume contributes to a more updated view of the Bowland Shale, covering topics such as sedimentary, geochemical and physical properties and processes, basin-forming events, hydrocarbon prospectivity, mineralization and heat and fluid flow in the subsurface. The volume also includes a field guide to some of the key localities in the UK. With the benefit of hindsight offered by the latest generation of research, the early regional shale gas assessments failed to attach sufficient weight to the compositional heterogeneity, structural complexity, compartmentalization and highly variable exhumation, erosion and palaeo-heat flow history of the Bowland Shale. The following topics are identified as promising avenues for future research beyond shale gas: (1) the role of the Bowland Shale in the context of mineral systems; (2) the role of the Bowland Shale as a cap rock in the Lower Carboniferous limestone geothermal play and potentially as an analogue of CO 2 or radioactive waste storage in the UK; and (3) pathways and mechanisms for weathering, alteration and trace element release from the Bowland Shale into the surface and/or subsurface environment.