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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
Uganda (1)
-
-
Limpopo Belt (1)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Mozambique Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Morocco
-
Rif (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Gariep Belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (2)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (2)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (6)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (1)
-
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Transvaal region (3)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
-
-
Altiplano (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Far East
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
China
-
Anhui China (1)
-
Da Hinggan Ling (1)
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Henan China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Bayan Obo China (1)
-
-
North China Platform (2)
-
Shandong China
-
Shandong Peninsula (1)
-
-
South China Block (1)
-
Sulu Terrane (1)
-
Xinjiang China (2)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kitakami Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Surigao del Norte Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India (1)
-
Dharwar Craton (2)
-
Karnataka India
-
Kolar Gold Fields India (1)
-
-
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (2)
-
-
-
Magadan Russian Federation (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
-
-
Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (1)
-
-
Siberia (2)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
Tunguska Syneclise (1)
-
Yenisei-Khatanga basin (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Lachlan fold belt (2)
-
New South Wales Australia
-
Northparkes Mine (1)
-
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Cloncurry mining district (1)
-
Mount Isa Inlier (3)
-
-
South Australia
-
Gawler Craton (3)
-
Olympic Dam Deposit (3)
-
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
Victoria Australia (4)
-
Western Australia
-
Eastern Goldfields (1)
-
Kalgoorlie Australia (2)
-
Murchison Province (1)
-
Norseman-Wiluna Belt (1)
-
North Pole Deposit (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
Yilgarn Craton (4)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Tarawera volcanic complex (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
Tasman orogenic zone (1)
-
-
Black Range (1)
-
Blue Mountain (1)
-
Bowen Basin (1)
-
Buckskin Mountains (1)
-
Caledonides (1)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (1)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cobequid Fault (1)
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (3)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
-
Nain Massif (3)
-
Voisey's Bay Deposit (2)
-
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Abitibi Ontario (1)
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
Hemlo Deposit (1)
-
Parry Sound District Ontario
-
Parry Sound Ontario (1)
-
-
Timiskaming District Ontario
-
Kirkland Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
-
Val d'Or Quebec (2)
-
-
Gaspe Peninsula (1)
-
Noranda Quebec (2)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
-
Rouyn Quebec (2)
-
-
-
-
Selwyn Mountains (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Athabasca Basin (1)
-
British Columbia (4)
-
Manitoba (2)
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Saskatchewan
-
La Ronge Domain (1)
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Honduras (1)
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (2)
-
-
-
Magadan Russian Federation (1)
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
-
Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tunguska Syneclise (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Kirovograd Ukraine (1)
-
Transcarpathia Ukraine (1)
-
-
Urals (1)
-
-
Cortez Mountains (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Eifel (1)
-
-
Upper Rhine Graben (1)
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (3)
-
Lapland
-
Lapland Finland (1)
-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
-
Pannonian Basin (1)
-
Pyrenees
-
French Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Rhenish Schiefergebirge
-
Eifel (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Albania (1)
-
Bulgaria (1)
-
Greece
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (1)
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (1)
-
Spain
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
Campania Italy
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
Latium Italy
-
Rome Italy (1)
-
-
Liguria Italy (1)
-
Tuscany Italy (1)
-
Valle d'Aosta Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (1)
-
-
-
Malta (1)
-
Mirdita Zone (1)
-
Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Kirovograd Ukraine (1)
-
Transcarpathia Ukraine (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Andorra (1)
-
France
-
Central Massif (1)
-
French Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Finland
-
Lapland Finland (1)
-
-
Norway (3)
-
Sweden
-
Bergslagen (1)
-
Norrbotten Sweden
-
Kiruna Sweden (2)
-
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Somerset England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Outer Hebrides (1)
-
-
Scottish Highlands (2)
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
Glen Coe (1)
-
Highland Boundary Fault (1)
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
Lake District (1)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Chiapas Mexico (1)
-
Chihuahua Mexico (1)
-
Durango Mexico (1)
-
Guanajuato Mexico (1)
-
Hidalgo Mexico (1)
-
Popocatepetl (1)
-
Puebla Mexico (1)
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (1)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
-
-
North America
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (3)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province
-
Central Gneiss Belt (1)
-
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (6)
-
English River Belt (1)
-
Kapuskasing Zone (1)
-
Pontiac Subprovince (1)
-
Uchi Subprovince (1)
-
Wabigoon Belt (1)
-
-
-
North American Cordillera (1)
-
Peninsular Ranges Batholith (2)
-
Purcell Mountains (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Uinta Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
North Island (1)
-
Pinon Range (1)
-
Red Lake (1)
-
Ruby Mountains (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (6)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Eastern Cordillera (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Neuquen Basin (2)
-
-
Bolivia
-
Potosi Bolivia (1)
-
-
Brazil (1)
-
Chile (5)
-
Guiana Shield (1)
-
Guyana (1)
-
Peru
-
Pasco Peru
-
Cerro de Pasco Peru (1)
-
-
-
-
Stuart Shelf (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Talkeetna Mountains (1)
-
-
Arizona
-
Greenlee County Arizona (1)
-
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Inyo County California
-
Panamint Range (1)
-
-
Madera County California (1)
-
Mariposa County California (1)
-
Mono County California (1)
-
San Diego County California
-
San Diego California (1)
-
-
Sierra Nevada Batholith (5)
-
Southern California (2)
-
Tuolumne County California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede mining district (1)
-
-
-
Connecticut Valley (1)
-
Great Basin (3)
-
Idaho
-
Lemhi County Idaho
-
Blackbird mining district (1)
-
-
-
Illinois (1)
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Maine
-
Oxford County Maine (1)
-
Sebago Batholith (1)
-
-
Minnesota
-
Duluth Complex (1)
-
Saint Louis County Minnesota
-
Partridge River Intrusion (1)
-
-
-
Missouri
-
Saint Francois Mountains (1)
-
-
Montana
-
Missoula County Montana (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Trend (1)
-
Humboldt County Nevada
-
Osgood Mountains (1)
-
Santa Rosa Range (1)
-
-
Lander County Nevada (1)
-
Pershing County Nevada
-
Humboldt Range (1)
-
-
Roberts Mountains Allochthon (1)
-
-
New Mexico
-
Animas Mountains (1)
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (1)
-
Hidalgo County New Mexico (1)
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Caldera (1)
-
-
Valles Caldera (1)
-
-
Oregon (1)
-
Pilot Range (1)
-
Rhode Island
-
Washington County Rhode Island (1)
-
-
Texas
-
Llano Uplift (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Uinta Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Arches National Park (1)
-
Bingham mining district (1)
-
Oquirrh Mountains (2)
-
Tintic mining district (1)
-
-
Vermont (1)
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
-
Victoria Island (1)
-
Vulture Mountain (1)
-
-
commodities
-
barite deposits (3)
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
brines (7)
-
fluorspar deposits (1)
-
gems (3)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
graphite deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (2)
-
arsenic ores (1)
-
base metals (13)
-
bismuth ores (1)
-
chromite ores (3)
-
cobalt ores (4)
-
copper ores (54)
-
gold ores (79)
-
IOCG deposits (2)
-
iron ores (12)
-
lead ores (14)
-
lead-zinc deposits (7)
-
lithium ores (2)
-
manganese ores (2)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (11)
-
nickel ores (8)
-
platinum ores (5)
-
polymetallic ores (4)
-
rare earth deposits (2)
-
silver ores (25)
-
tin ores (4)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (2)
-
uranium ores (5)
-
zinc ores (17)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (117)
-
mineral exploration (41)
-
petroleum (5)
-
placers (2)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (3)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (21)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
-
chlorine (1)
-
fluorine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (24)
-
-
incompatible elements (2)
-
isotope ratios (72)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (7)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
B-11/B-10 (3)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (21)
-
D/H (24)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (7)
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-18 (3)
-
O-18/O-16 (52)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (7)
-
S-34/S-32 (31)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (1)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (2)
-
potassium (4)
-
rubidium (2)
-
sodium (3)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium (1)
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (2)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
antimony (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
chromium (1)
-
copper (2)
-
gold (3)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (3)
-
ferrous iron (3)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (7)
-
-
manganese (2)
-
mercury (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
platinum ores (5)
-
-
precious metals (8)
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (7)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
tantalum (1)
-
thallium (1)
-
tin (1)
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-18 (3)
-
O-18/O-16 (52)
-
-
selenium (2)
-
silicon
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (31)
-
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (13)
-
fission-track dating (1)
-
K/Ar (5)
-
paleomagnetism (5)
-
Pb/Pb (2)
-
Rb/Sr (3)
-
Re/Os (6)
-
Sm/Nd (3)
-
Sr/Sr (1)
-
thermochronology (2)
-
U/Pb (26)
-
U/Th/Pb (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene (6)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Portlandian (2)
-
Tithonian (3)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (3)
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic (1)
-
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (2)
-
Yanshanian (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (1)
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Poleta Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian (2)
-
Pennsylvanian (2)
-
Upper Carboniferous (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Gile Mountain Formation (1)
-
-
lower Paleozoic (3)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Tremadocian
-
Halifax Formation (1)
-
-
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
Valmy Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic (1)
-
Waits River Formation (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Anshan Group (1)
-
Archean
-
Blake River Group (2)
-
Neoarchean (4)
-
Paleoarchean (1)
-
Taihua Group (1)
-
Warrawoona Group (1)
-
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Athabasca Formation (1)
-
Damara System (1)
-
Isan Orogeny (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (2)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (2)
-
Hiltaba Suite (1)
-
Shuangqiaoshan Group (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (6)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Corella Formation (1)
-
Virginia Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
-
kamafugite (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (2)
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (2)
-
tonalite
-
enderbite (1)
-
-
trondhjemite (2)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (3)
-
troctolite (2)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (5)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
-
granodiorites (9)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (17)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (3)
-
hornblendite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (6)
-
harzburgite (3)
-
lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (5)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
-
dacites (7)
-
glasses (1)
-
komatiite (1)
-
leucitite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
tuff (4)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites (8)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (2)
-
gneisses
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (1)
-
hornfels (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metapyroxenite (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metapelite (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (2)
-
greisen (1)
-
skarn (9)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (6)
-
migmatites (2)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (2)
-
-
phyllites (1)
-
schists
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
slates (3)
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
turbidite (3)
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
moissanite (1)
-
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
sperrylite (2)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
calcite (8)
-
dawsonite (1)
-
siderite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (1)
-
humite (1)
-
-
-
minerals (1)
-
native elements
-
graphite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (1)
-
chrome spinel (2)
-
chromite (2)
-
hematite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (1)
-
iron oxides (6)
-
limonite (1)
-
magnetite (6)
-
niobates (1)
-
rutile (1)
-
spinel (2)
-
tantalates
-
wodginite (1)
-
-
thorianite (1)
-
zirconolite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (6)
-
britholite (1)
-
fluorapatite (2)
-
monazite (3)
-
triphylite (1)
-
xenotime (1)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (2)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (3)
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (1)
-
-
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
jasper (1)
-
quartz
-
smoky quartz (1)
-
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
britholite group
-
britholite (1)
-
-
garnet group (2)
-
humite (1)
-
mullite (1)
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (4)
-
olivine (1)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (2)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (21)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
aquamarine (1)
-
beryl (1)
-
emerald (3)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (2)
-
elbaite (1)
-
schorl (2)
-
uvite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (3)
-
clinochlore (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (1)
-
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
fluor-phlogopite (1)
-
lepidolite (2)
-
muscovite (4)
-
phlogopite (5)
-
-
petalite (1)
-
sericite (2)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (2)
-
anhydrite (1)
-
barite (4)
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (3)
-
cinnabar (1)
-
copper sulfides (3)
-
galena (2)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
laurite (1)
-
marcasite (1)
-
metacinnabar (1)
-
molybdenite (4)
-
orpiment (1)
-
pentlandite (2)
-
pyrite (14)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
sphalerite (4)
-
stibnite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfarsenites
-
tennantite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides (2)
-
tungstates
-
wolframite (1)
-
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (39)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (1)
-
-
Uganda (1)
-
-
Limpopo Belt (1)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
Mozambique Belt (1)
-
North Africa
-
Morocco
-
Rif (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Gariep Belt (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (2)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (2)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (6)
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (1)
-
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Transvaal region (3)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe
-
Great Dyke (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
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Greenland (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
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Arabian Shield (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Far East
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
China
-
Anhui China (1)
-
Da Hinggan Ling (1)
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Henan China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Bayan Obo China (1)
-
-
North China Platform (2)
-
Shandong China
-
Shandong Peninsula (1)
-
-
South China Block (1)
-
Sulu Terrane (1)
-
Xinjiang China (2)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Iwate Japan
-
Kitakami Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
Philippine Islands
-
Surigao del Norte Philippine Islands (1)
-
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India (1)
-
Dharwar Craton (2)
-
Karnataka India
-
Kolar Gold Fields India (1)
-
-
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (2)
-
-
-
Magadan Russian Federation (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
-
-
Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (1)
-
-
Siberia (2)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
Tunguska Syneclise (1)
-
Yenisei-Khatanga basin (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Lachlan fold belt (2)
-
New South Wales Australia
-
Northparkes Mine (1)
-
-
Northern Territory Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Cloncurry mining district (1)
-
Mount Isa Inlier (3)
-
-
South Australia
-
Gawler Craton (3)
-
Olympic Dam Deposit (3)
-
-
Tasmania Australia (1)
-
Victoria Australia (4)
-
Western Australia
-
Eastern Goldfields (1)
-
Kalgoorlie Australia (2)
-
Murchison Province (1)
-
Norseman-Wiluna Belt (1)
-
North Pole Deposit (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (1)
-
Yilgarn Craton (4)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Tarawera volcanic complex (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (1)
-
-
Papua New Guinea (1)
-
Tasman orogenic zone (1)
-
-
bacteria (1)
-
barite deposits (3)
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (3)
-
-
brines (7)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (1)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Cobequid Fault (1)
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (3)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
-
Nain Massif (3)
-
Voisey's Bay Deposit (2)
-
-
Newfoundland (2)
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Abitibi Ontario (1)
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
Hemlo Deposit (1)
-
Parry Sound District Ontario
-
Parry Sound Ontario (1)
-
-
Timiskaming District Ontario
-
Kirkland Lake Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Abitibi County Quebec
-
Val d'Or Quebec (2)
-
-
Gaspe Peninsula (1)
-
Noranda Quebec (2)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
-
Rouyn Quebec (2)
-
-
-
-
Selwyn Mountains (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Athabasca Basin (1)
-
British Columbia (4)
-
Manitoba (2)
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Saskatchewan
-
La Ronge Domain (1)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (21)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene (6)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Honduras (1)
-
-
crust (13)
-
crystal chemistry (9)
-
crystal growth (4)
-
crystal structure (2)
-
crystallography (1)
-
data processing (3)
-
deformation (37)
-
diagenesis (9)
-
earthquakes (1)
-
economic geology (5)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Dolomites (1)
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Eifel (1)
-
-
Upper Rhine Graben (1)
-
-
Fennoscandian Shield (3)
-
Lapland
-
Lapland Finland (1)
-
-
Murmansk Russian Federation
-
Khibiny Mountains (1)
-
Kola Peninsula (1)
-
-
Pannonian Basin (1)
-
Pyrenees
-
French Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Rhenish Schiefergebirge
-
Eifel (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Albania (1)
-
Bulgaria (1)
-
Greece
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (1)
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (1)
-
Spain
-
Betic Cordillera (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
Campania Italy
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
Latium Italy
-
Rome Italy (1)
-
-
Liguria Italy (1)
-
Tuscany Italy (1)
-
Valle d'Aosta Italy (1)
-
-
Macedonia
-
Greek Macedonia
-
Chalkidiki (1)
-
-
-
Malta (1)
-
Mirdita Zone (1)
-
Rhodope Mountains (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Kirovograd Ukraine (1)
-
Transcarpathia Ukraine (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Andorra (1)
-
France
-
Central Massif (1)
-
French Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Finland
-
Lapland Finland (1)
-
-
Norway (3)
-
Sweden
-
Bergslagen (1)
-
Norrbotten Sweden
-
Kiruna Sweden (2)
-
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Somerset England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Outer Hebrides (1)
-
-
Scottish Highlands (2)
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
faults (58)
-
fluorspar deposits (1)
-
folds (18)
-
foliation (14)
-
fractures (19)
-
gems (3)
-
geochemistry (29)
-
geochronology (3)
-
geophysical methods (4)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
graphite deposits (1)
-
ground water (8)
-
heat flow (4)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (24)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (2)
-
kamafugite (1)
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (2)
-
diabase (1)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (2)
-
tonalite
-
enderbite (1)
-
-
trondhjemite (2)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (3)
-
troctolite (2)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (5)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
-
granodiorites (9)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (17)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (3)
-
hornblendite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (6)
-
harzburgite (3)
-
lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (5)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (1)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
-
dacites (7)
-
glasses (1)
-
komatiite (1)
-
leucitite (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
tuff (4)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites (8)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (36)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
intrusions (72)
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (7)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
B-11/B-10 (3)
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (21)
-
D/H (24)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (7)
-
O-16 (1)
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-18 (3)
-
O-18/O-16 (52)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (7)
-
S-34/S-32 (31)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
lava (6)
-
lineation (5)
-
magmas (54)
-
Malay Archipelago
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
-
mantle (8)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (3)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Entrada Sandstone (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Portlandian (2)
-
Tithonian (3)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (3)
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
Nicola Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic (1)
-
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (2)
-
Yanshanian (1)
-
-
metal ores
-
antimony ores (2)
-
arsenic ores (1)
-
base metals (13)
-
bismuth ores (1)
-
chromite ores (3)
-
cobalt ores (4)
-
copper ores (54)
-
gold ores (79)
-
IOCG deposits (2)
-
iron ores (12)
-
lead ores (14)
-
lead-zinc deposits (7)
-
lithium ores (2)
-
manganese ores (2)
-
mercury ores (1)
-
molybdenum ores (11)
-
nickel ores (8)
-
platinum ores (5)
-
polymetallic ores (4)
-
rare earth deposits (2)
-
silver ores (25)
-
tin ores (4)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
tungsten ores (2)
-
uranium ores (5)
-
zinc ores (17)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (2)
-
potassium (4)
-
rubidium (2)
-
sodium (3)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium (1)
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (2)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (12)
-
-
-
antimony (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
chromium (1)
-
copper (2)
-
gold (3)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (4)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (3)
-
ferrous iron (3)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (8)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (7)
-
-
manganese (2)
-
mercury (1)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
platinum ores (5)
-
-
precious metals (8)
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (7)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
wall rocks
Mineralogical fingerprints of crustal silica contamination in the Bayan Obo carbonatite
Oriented triphylite rods in apatite from an LCT pegmatite in the Stankuvatske Li-ore deposit, Ukraine: Implications for Li mobility
Seeing Through Metamorphism: Geochemical and Isotopic Studies of Amphibolite Facies Mafic-Siliciclastic (Besshi-Type) Massive Sulfide Deposits at the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Vermont, USA
Thallium enrichment mechanism and geological significance of the Xiangquan thallium deposit in Anhui Province, China
Apatite as an archive of pegmatite-forming processes: An example from the Berry-Havey pegmatite (Maine, U.S.A.)
Application of Thermodynamic Modeling (Activity Diagrams) to Carbonated Ultramafic Rocks Associated with Orogenic Gold Environments
The Sea Point contact, Cape Town, South Africa: a geological site made famous by Charles Darwin's visit
Abstract The Sea Point intrusive contact on the Atlantic coast, South Africa, is a site of historical significance that continues to be useful for studying the details of granite–wall rock relationships, some of which have not been properly evaluated yet. At a time when the origin of granites was still controversial, and the concept of contact metamorphism not yet properly developed, Charles Darwin visited the Sea Point contact to make some geologically important observations. He concluded that the granite originated as a magma deep in the Earth, intruded a country rock of sedimentary origin and changed this country rock's appearance owing to the thermal action of the hot granite magma. He also contemplated the long periods of time required to expose the rocks by erosion. Besides its historic value, the Sea Point heritage site exposes unique features giving rare insights into the physical and chemical interaction between intruding granitic magma and a regionally low-grade metamorphosed sedimentary sequence. Questions regarding mechanisms of magmatic emplacement may be answered from this outcrop, including emplacement dynamics and interrelationships of various granitic phases, pre- versus syn-intrusive deformation and metamorphism, assimilation of country rock by a granitic magma and the origin of feldspar phenocrysts seemingly ‘stranded’ in the country rock.
Magma mixing between rhyolite and pseudotachylite as the origin for the Glencoe ‘flinty crush rock’
Tourmaline growth in the border and wall zones of the Emmons pegmatite (Maine, U.S.A.): Evidence for disequilibrium crystallization and boundary layer formation
A Reevaluation of the Timing and Temperature of Copper and Molybdenum Precipitation in Porphyry Deposits
The Mooihoek Platinum Pipe, Eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa – Geochemistry and Mineralization
Groundwater–rock interactions in crystalline rocks: evidence from SIMS oxygen isotope data
Abstract The interaction of magma and wall-rocks is inevitable when magma is moving through Earth's crust. These interactions happen on different timescales and especially the short-term interactions (seconds to days) during the final ascent of the magma can induce changes in eruption dynamics. However, information on this matter is scarce and scattered in different scientific fields. We conducted this review in order to present a full picture of the state of the art for short-timescale magma–wall-rock interactions. According to the three existing studies on short-term magma–carbonate interactions, magma viscosity is the most important controlling factor for carbonate assimilation. Lower viscosity magmas enhance CO 2 -bubble migration away from the reaction site, resulting in a higher carbonate assimilation rate. The released CO 2 plays an important role regarding eruption dynamics since a higher CO 2 release rate would result in accelerated magma ascent and may increase eruption intensity. Despite the importance for hazard assessment, important factors (pressure, magma composition, vapour phase solubilities, carbonate clast properties) for carbonate assimilation in general and CO 2 release rate in particular are not or only poorly constrained. This review presents the present-day knowledge of short-term magma–carbonate interaction that is relevant to establish the basis for future work concerning magma–wall-rock interactions.
Apatite records metamorphic and hydrothermal fluid evolution at the large Shuangqishan orogenic gold deposit, SE China
Alkaline-Silicate REE-HFSE Systems
Complex Effects of Assimilation on Sulfide Saturation Revealed by Modeling with the Magma Chamber Simulator: A Case Study on the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA
A peralkaline solution, hydrofracturing model for quartzofeldspathic veins and pegmatites
ABSTRACT We present a tectonic model for the generation of quartzofeldspathic veins and pegmatite dikes found in southern New England that proposes the following: (1) Hydraulic fracturing produces the initial fracture that opens to become a vein, and (2) oscillating differential stress produces a gradient in interstitial fluid pressure that draws the melt to the dilating walls of the fracture. Oscillating fluid pressures at the dike walls lead to oscillating rates of crystallization, and thus to alternating aplitic and pegmatitic textures in dikes as thin as a few centimeters. Excess alkalis and SiO 2 (aq) lower the solidus temperature of the granitic liquid and thus stabilize a peralkaline silicate liquid without crystallization. This silicate liquid is capable of crystallizing only quartz, only feldspars, or both. Crystallization of this liquid lowers its pH and accounts for the mineralogical zoning consisting of quartz cores, feldspathic mantles, and muscovite-bearing margins common in many quartzofeldspathic veins.