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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (6)
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Cape Verde Islands (5)
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Central Africa
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Angola (3)
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Burundi (1)
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Congo Democratic Republic
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Kivu Congo Democratic Republic
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Rwanda (1)
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East Africa
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Madagascar
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Atlas Mountains
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Egypt
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South Africa
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West Africa
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Victoria Land
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Central Asia
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Far East
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Burma (5)
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China
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Japan
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Sambagawa Belt (2)
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Mount Egmont (5)
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Scandinavia
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Stevns Klint (2)
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Finland
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Norway
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Sweden
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United Kingdom
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Scotland
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Rhum (2)
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Highland region Scotland
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Rhum (2)
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-
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Midlothian Scotland (1)
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Shetland Islands (3)
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Wales
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Snowdonia (6)
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Merionethshire Wales
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Northern Ireland
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Giant's Causeway (1)
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-
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Explorer Plate (2)
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Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
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Argo abyssal plain (1)
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Red Sea
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Timor Sea
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Mascarene Islands
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Reunion
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Mauritius (1)
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Prince Edward Island Group
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Seychelles (2)
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International Ocean Discovery Program
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Expedition 352
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IODP Site U1439 (1)
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IODP Site U1440 (1)
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IODP Site U1441 (1)
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IODP Site U1442 (1)
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Kerguelen Plateau (6)
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Kos (2)
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Krishna-Godavari Basin (9)
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Malay Archipelago
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Dodecanese
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Lesbos (1)
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Balearic Islands (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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Meseta (2)
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Mexico
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Nevado de Toluca (3)
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Michoacan-Guanajuato volcanic field (6)
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Sonora Mexico (8)
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Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (41)
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Veracruz Mexico (3)
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Middle Valley (1)
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North America
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Basin and Range Province
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Canadian Shield
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Flin Flon Belt (2)
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Slave Province (9)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (60)
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Chihuahua tectonic belt (1)
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Great Lakes region (11)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (4)
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Creede Caldera (3)
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (3)
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-
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Shuswap Complex (1)
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Slide Mountain Terrane (1)
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Tintina Fault (1)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (2)
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Yakutat Terrane (3)
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North Island (45)
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Samoa (5)
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Tonga (2)
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-
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ODP Site 642 (2)
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Owens Valley (3)
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Pacific Coast (13)
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Pacific Ocean
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Northeast Pacific
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Axial Seamount (4)
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Clipperton fracture zone (1)
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Escanaba Trough (2)
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Gorda Rise (6)
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Gulf of Alaska (3)
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Guaymas Basin (1)
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Hawaiian Ridge (10)
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Juan de Fuca Ridge
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Endeavour Ridge (1)
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Loihi Seamount (6)
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Mendocino fracture zone (8)
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Middle America Trench (5)
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Murray fracture zone (1)
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Navarin Basin (1)
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Queen Charlotte Basin (1)
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Peru-Chile Trench (4)
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Southeast Pacific
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Chile Ridge (1)
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Lau Basin (6)
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Manihiki Plateau (3)
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Nazca Ridge (2)
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Tonga Trench (1)
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-
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Equatorial Pacific (6)
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New Caledonia Basin (1)
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North Pacific
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Aleutian Ridge (2)
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Aleutian Trench (2)
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Bering Sea
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Aleutian Basin (1)
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Navarin Basin (1)
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Mid-Pacific Mountains
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Resolution Seamount (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Axial Seamount (4)
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Clarion fracture zone (1)
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Clipperton fracture zone (1)
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Escanaba Trough (2)
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Gorda Rise (6)
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Gulf of Alaska (3)
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Gulf of California
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Guaymas Basin (1)
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Hawaiian Ridge (10)
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Juan de Fuca Ridge
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Endeavour Ridge (1)
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-
Loihi Seamount (6)
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Mendocino fracture zone (8)
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Middle America Trench (5)
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Murray fracture zone (1)
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Navarin Basin (1)
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Queen Charlotte Basin (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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Celebes Sea (1)
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East China Sea (1)
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Emperor Seamounts (11)
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Izu-Bonin Arc (5)
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Japan Sea
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Oki Ridge (1)
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Japan Trench (3)
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Kuril Trench (2)
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Mariana Trough (3)
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Nankai Trough (1)
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Okinawa Trough (4)
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Philippine Sea
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Daito Ridge (1)
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Shatsky Rise (5)
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Shikoku Basin (1)
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South China Sea
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Manila Trench (2)
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-
-
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Pacific Basin (3)
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South Pacific
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Chatham Rise (2)
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Fiji Plateau (1)
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Havre Trough (1)
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Kermadec Trench (1)
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Louisville Ridge (1)
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Southeast Pacific
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Chile Ridge (1)
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Lau Basin (6)
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Manihiki Plateau (3)
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Nazca Ridge (2)
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Tonga Trench (1)
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Southwest Pacific
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Banda Sea (1)
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Bismarck Sea
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Manus Basin (6)
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Campbell Plateau (2)
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Coral Sea (1)
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Great South Basin (2)
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Hikurangi Trough (1)
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Java Sea (1)
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Lord Howe Rise (1)
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North Fiji Basin (2)
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Tasman Sea
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Challenger Plateau (1)
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-
-
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West Pacific
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Banda Arc (4)
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Indonesian Seas
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Java Sea (1)
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Nauru Basin (2)
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Northwest Pacific
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Celebes Sea (1)
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East China Sea (1)
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Emperor Seamounts (11)
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Izu-Bonin Arc (5)
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Japan Sea
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Oki Ridge (1)
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Japan Trench (3)
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Kuril Trench (2)
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Mariana Trough (3)
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Nankai Trough (1)
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Okinawa Trough (4)
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Philippine Sea
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Daito Ridge (1)
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Shatsky Rise (5)
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Shikoku Basin (1)
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South China Sea
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Manila Trench (2)
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-
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Ontong Java Plateau (20)
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Resolution Seamount (1)
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Southwest Pacific
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Banda Sea (1)
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Bismarck Sea
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Manus Basin (6)
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Campbell Plateau (2)
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Coral Sea (1)
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Great South Basin (2)
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Hikurangi Trough (1)
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Java Sea (1)
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Lord Howe Rise (1)
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North Fiji Basin (2)
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Tasman Sea
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Challenger Plateau (1)
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-
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Sunda Shelf (1)
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-
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Pacific region
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Circum-Pacific region (5)
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Pasco Basin (4)
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polar regions (5)
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Puna (17)
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Queen Charlotte Fault (1)
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Quesnellia Terrane (3)
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Red Sea region (4)
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Russian Platform
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Sawtooth Range (1)
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Scotia Ridge (2)
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Deception Island (5)
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King George Island (2)
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Livingston Island (1)
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-
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Searles Lake (1)
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Seymour Island (3)
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Sierra Nevada (54)
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Solomon Islands (3)
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South America
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Amazon Basin (1)
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Amazonian Craton (1)
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Andes
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Central Andes (32)
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Copahue (1)
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Cotopaxi (1)
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Eastern Cordillera (5)
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Patagonian Andes (5)
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Southern Andes (9)
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Subandean Belt (1)
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Tungurahua (1)
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Villarrica (2)
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Argentina
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Catamarca Argentina (1)
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Copahue (1)
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Neuquen Basin (6)
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Pampean Mountains (7)
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Bolivia
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Brazil
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Parana Brazil (3)
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Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (3)
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Sao Francisco Craton (2)
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Chile
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Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo Chile
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Aisen Chile (2)
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Antofagasta Chile
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Chuquicamata Chile (1)
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-
Atacama Chile
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Copiapo Chile (1)
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Atacama Desert (1)
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Los Lagos Chile (2)
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Magallanes Chile (2)
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Tarapaca Chile (2)
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Tatara-San Pedro Complex (2)
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Villarrica (2)
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Colombia
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Magdalena Valley (2)
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Nevado del Ruiz (2)
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Dom Feliciano Belt (2)
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Ecuador
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Cotopaxi (1)
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Tungurahua (1)
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French Guiana (1)
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Paraguay (1)
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Parana Basin (10)
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Patagonia
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Patagonian Andes (5)
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Patagonian Batholith (2)
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Peru
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Arequipa Peru (1)
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Huaynaputina (2)
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Precordillera (2)
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Rio de la Plata Craton (1)
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Tierra del Fuego
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Uruguay (2)
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South Island (11)
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Southern Ocean
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Bellingshausen Sea (1)
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Bransfield Strait
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Bransfield Basin (1)
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Prydz Bay (1)
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Ross Sea
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McMurdo Sound (3)
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Weddell Sea
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Maud Rise (1)
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-
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Southern Uplands (3)
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Southwest Indian Ridge (1)
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Spor Mountain (2)
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Staten Island (1)
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Stewart Island (1)
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Sturgeon Lake (4)
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Sunnyside Mine (1)
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United States
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Alabama
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Clay County Alabama (1)
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Coosa County Alabama (1)
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Talladega County Alabama (1)
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Alaska
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Alaska Peninsula (6)
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Alexander Archipelago (1)
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Aniakchak (1)
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Brooks Range
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De Long Mountains (1)
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Chugach Mountains (3)
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Katmai (4)
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Katmai National Park (1)
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Novarupta (1)
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Redoubt (2)
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Talkeetna Mountains (4)
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Arizona
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Meteor Crater (2)
-
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Mohave County Arizona (9)
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Hopi Buttes Field (3)
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Petrified Forest National Park (1)
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San Francisco Peaks (6)
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Santa Cruz County Arizona (2)
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Yavapai County Arizona
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-
-
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Arkansas (2)
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain
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Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
-
California
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Central California (10)
-
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Feather River (1)
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Fresno County California
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-
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Garlock Fault (2)
-
Imperial County California (2)
-
Inyo County California
-
Coso Hot Springs KGRA (1)
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Inyo Mountains (5)
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Panamint Range (1)
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-
Kern County California (2)
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Lake County California (2)
-
Lassen Volcanic National Park (1)
-
Madera County California (2)
-
Mammoth Mountain (4)
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Mariposa County California (2)
-
Melones Fault (1)
-
Modoc County California (2)
-
Mono County California
-
Inyo Domes (3)
-
Long Valley Caldera (14)
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Mono Craters (5)
-
Mono Lake (2)
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Obsidian Dome (2)
-
-
Monterey County California (1)
-
Napa County California (1)
-
Nevada County California (3)
-
Northern California (42)
-
Placer County California (2)
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Plumas County California (3)
-
Riverside County California (1)
-
Salinian Block (1)
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Salton Trough (2)
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San Bernardino County California
-
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Cima volcanic field (2)
-
-
San Diego County California (2)
-
San Emigdio Mountains (1)
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San Francisco Bay region (4)
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San Joaquin Valley (2)
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San Luis Obispo County California (1)
-
Santa Ana Mountains (1)
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Santa Barbara County California (1)
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Santa Monica Mountains (1)
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Shasta County California
-
Lassen Peak (2)
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West Shasta mining district (18)
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-
Sierra County California (1)
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Sierra Nevada Batholith (6)
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Siskiyou County California
-
Mount Shasta (4)
-
-
Solano County California (1)
-
Sonoma County California (1)
-
Southern California (18)
-
Tehama County California (1)
-
The Geysers (2)
-
Transverse Ranges (4)
-
Trinity Complex (1)
-
Trinity County California (1)
-
Tulare County California (2)
-
Tuolumne County California (5)
-
Ventura Basin (1)
-
Ventura County California (1)
-
Yolo County California (1)
-
Yosemite National Park (1)
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Yuba County California (2)
-
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Carolina Terrane (2)
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Clark's Fork Basin (1)
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Colorado
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Archuleta County Colorado (2)
-
Chaffee County Colorado
-
Salida Colorado (1)
-
-
Colorado mineral belt (2)
-
Conejos County Colorado (2)
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
Gunnison County Colorado (4)
-
Hinsdale County Colorado (6)
-
La Plata County Colorado (1)
-
Lake County Colorado (1)
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Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede Caldera (3)
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Creede mining district (4)
-
-
Park County Colorado (1)
-
Pikes Peak Batholith (1)
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Pitkin County Colorado (1)
-
Pueblo County Colorado
-
Pueblo Colorado (2)
-
-
Rio Grande County Colorado (2)
-
Routt County Colorado (1)
-
Saguache County Colorado (7)
-
San Juan County Colorado
-
Silverton Caldera (1)
-
-
San Juan volcanic field (10)
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San Miguel County Colorado (2)
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Sawatch Range (4)
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Wattenberg Field (1)
-
Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (28)
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Columbia Plateau (19)
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Connecticut (3)
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Denver Basin (1)
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Dinosaur National Monument (1)
-
Eastern U.S.
-
Southeastern U.S. (2)
-
-
Georgia
-
Carroll County Georgia (1)
-
Cherokee County Georgia (1)
-
Cobb County Georgia (1)
-
Douglas County Georgia (1)
-
Paulding County Georgia (1)
-
-
Great Basin (28)
-
Hawaii
-
Hawaii County Hawaii
-
Hawaii Island
-
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (2)
-
Hualalai (3)
-
Kilauea (30)
-
Kohala (2)
-
Mauna Kea (6)
-
Puu Oo (3)
-
-
-
Honolulu County Hawaii
-
Oahu
-
Honolulu Hawaii (2)
-
-
-
Maui County Hawaii
-
Maui
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Haleakala (4)
-
-
-
Mauna Loa (11)
-
-
Idaho
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
Idaho National Laboratory (3)
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
Snake River plain (34)
-
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-
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-
Washington County Idaho (1)
-
-
Idaho Batholith (2)
-
Illinois (1)
-
Iowa (1)
-
Kansas
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-
-
Kentucky (2)
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
Knox County Maine (2)
-
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-
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-
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-
-
Maryland (1)
-
Massachusetts
-
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-
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-
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-
Plymouth County Massachusetts (1)
-
Suffolk County Massachusetts
-
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-
-
Michigan
-
Michigan Lower Peninsula
-
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-
-
Michigan Upper Peninsula
-
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-
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-
-
-
Midcontinent (4)
-
Minnesota
-
Cook County Minnesota (3)
-
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-
Goodhue County Minnesota (1)
-
Lake County Minnesota (2)
-
Saint Louis County Minnesota (2)
-
-
Mississippi (1)
-
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-
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-
Missouri
-
Camden County Missouri (1)
-
Crawford County Missouri (1)
-
Decaturville impact structure (1)
-
Iron County Missouri (1)
-
Saint Francois Mountains (2)
-
-
Mojave Desert (10)
-
Montana
-
Beaverhead County Montana (1)
-
Blaine County Montana (1)
-
Boulder Batholith (4)
-
Deer Lodge County Montana (1)
-
Flathead County Montana (1)
-
Gallatin County Montana
-
Hebgen Lake (1)
-
-
Garfield County Montana (1)
-
Glacier County Montana (1)
-
Jefferson County Montana (2)
-
Madison County Montana (1)
-
Silver Bow County Montana (1)
-
Toole County Montana (1)
-
Yellowstone County Montana
-
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-
-
-
Narragansett Basin (2)
-
Nebraska
-
Antelope County Nebraska (1)
-
Morrill County Nebraska (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Carlin Mine (1)
-
Carlin Trend (1)
-
Churchill County Nevada (2)
-
Clark County Nevada (3)
-
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-
Elko County Nevada
-
Pequop Mountains (1)
-
-
Esmeralda County Nevada (6)
-
Eureka County Nevada (1)
-
Humboldt County Nevada
-
Santa Rosa Range (1)
-
-
Lander County Nevada (3)
-
Lincoln County Nevada (2)
-
Lyon County Nevada
-
Yerington Nevada (1)
-
-
Mineral County Nevada (8)
-
Nevada Test Site (4)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (5)
-
-
Pershing County Nevada (3)
-
Roberts Mountains Allochthon (1)
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Shoshone Mountains (3)
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Storey County Nevada (1)
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Washoe County Nevada
-
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-
-
-
New England (4)
-
New Hampshire
-
Grafton County New Hampshire (1)
-
-
New Jersey
-
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-
Sussex County New Jersey
-
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-
-
-
New Mexico
-
Animas Mountains (1)
-
Bernalillo County New Mexico (2)
-
Catron County New Mexico (4)
-
Cibola County New Mexico (1)
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (6)
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Dona Ana County New Mexico (2)
-
Grant County New Mexico (2)
-
Hidalgo County New Mexico (3)
-
Jemez Lineament (5)
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Jemez Mountains (12)
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Los Alamos County New Mexico (4)
-
Luna County New Mexico (2)
-
Manzano Mountains (1)
-
McKinley County New Mexico (2)
-
Mora County New Mexico (1)
-
Pajarito Plateau (1)
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Rio Arriba County New Mexico (6)
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Sandoval County New Mexico (10)
-
Santa Fe County New Mexico (6)
-
Sierra County New Mexico (3)
-
Socorro County New Mexico
-
Socorro New Mexico (1)
-
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Caldera (3)
-
-
Taos Plateau (1)
-
Valencia County New Mexico (2)
-
Valles Caldera (5)
-
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (3)
-
Clinton County New York (1)
-
Columbia County New York (1)
-
Essex County New York (2)
-
Franklin County New York (2)
-
Fulton County New York (1)
-
Hamilton County New York (2)
-
Herkimer County New York (2)
-
Jefferson County New York (1)
-
Lewis County New York (2)
-
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-
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-
Saint Lawrence County New York (2)
-
Saratoga County New York (1)
-
Warren County New York (2)
-
Washington County New York (1)
-
-
North Carolina
-
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-
Chatham County North Carolina (1)
-
Davidson County North Carolina (1)
-
Duplin County North Carolina (1)
-
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-
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Randolph County North Carolina (1)
-
-
Oklahoma (3)
-
Oregon
-
Baker County Oregon (4)
-
Brothers fault zone (2)
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Clackamas County Oregon (2)
-
Coos County Oregon
-
Coos Bay (1)
-
-
Crook County Oregon (4)
-
Deschutes County Oregon
-
Newberry Volcano (3)
-
-
Grant County Oregon (6)
-
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-
Steens Mountain (5)
-
-
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-
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-
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-
Mount Mazama (3)
-
-
Lake County Oregon (5)
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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Pennsylvania
-
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-
-
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-
Sevier orogenic belt (3)
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South Carolina
-
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-
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-
-
Southwestern U.S. (11)
-
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Tennessee
-
Polk County Tennessee
-
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-
-
-
Texas
-
Balcones fault zone (1)
-
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-
Brewster County Texas
-
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-
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-
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Jeff Davis County Texas (3)
-
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West Texas (3)
-
-
Trans-Pecos (12)
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Absaroka Range
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San Juan Mountains
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Creede Caldera (3)
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-
Sangre de Cristo Mountains (3)
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Sawatch Range (4)
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Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Beaver County Utah
-
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-
-
Box Elder County Utah (1)
-
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-
Henry Mountains (1)
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Iron County Utah (4)
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-
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-
Millard County Utah (2)
-
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-
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-
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-
-
San Juan County Utah (2)
-
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-
Sevier Desert (1)
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Summit County Utah (1)
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Tintic mining district (1)
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Tooele County Utah (1)
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Wah Wah Mountains (2)
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Washington County Utah (7)
-
Wayne County Utah (1)
-
-
Vermont
-
Franklin County Vermont (1)
-
-
Virginia
-
Albemarle County Virginia (1)
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
-
Walker Lane (11)
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Washington
-
Asotin County Washington (1)
-
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-
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-
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-
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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Pacific County Washington (1)
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-
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-
-
San Juan County Washington (1)
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Skamania County Washington
-
Mount Saint Helens (10)
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-
Snohomish County Washington (1)
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Toutle River (2)
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-
West Virginia (2)
-
Western U.S. (48)
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-
Wyoming
-
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-
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Teton County Wyoming
-
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-
-
-
Wyoming Province (1)
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Yellowstone National Park (12)
-
-
USSR (6)
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West Pacific Ocean Islands
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Yucatan Peninsula (6)
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Zealandia (3)
-
-
commodities
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aggregate (1)
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andalusite deposits (1)
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bitumens
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asphalt (1)
-
-
borate deposits (4)
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boron deposits (1)
-
brines (20)
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ceramic materials (2)
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clay deposits (1)
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coal deposits (1)
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construction materials
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diamond deposits (7)
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energy sources (7)
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fluorspar deposits (1)
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gems (6)
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geothermal energy (18)
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glass materials (1)
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industrial minerals (1)
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kyanite deposits (2)
-
metal ores
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antimony ores (4)
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arsenic ores (3)
-
base metals (72)
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beryllium ores (1)
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bismuth ores (1)
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cobalt ores (2)
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copper ores (237)
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gold ores (173)
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IOCG deposits (3)
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iron ores (34)
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lead ores (61)
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lead-zinc deposits (55)
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lithium ores (1)
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manganese ores (12)
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mercury ores (7)
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nickel ores (33)
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niobium ores (2)
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platinum ores (9)
-
polymetallic ores (119)
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pyrite ores (27)
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-
silver ores (99)
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uranium ores (17)
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vanadium ores (4)
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zinc ores (149)
-
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mineral deposits, genesis (507)
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mineral exploration (118)
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petroleum
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natural gas
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shale gas (1)
-
-
-
phosphate deposits (4)
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placers
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stream placers (1)
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-
potash (3)
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sulfur deposits (3)
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tight sands (1)
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water resources (2)
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zeolite deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (3)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (112)
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C-14 (51)
-
organic carbon (16)
-
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chemical elements (1)
-
chemical ratios (41)
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halogens
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bromine (1)
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chlorine
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chloride ion (3)
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Cl-36 (5)
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Cl-37/Cl-35 (1)
-
-
fluorine
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fluoride ion (1)
-
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (13)
-
deuterium (6)
-
tritium (4)
-
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incompatible elements (7)
-
isotope ratios (383)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Al-26 (1)
-
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-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (7)
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Be-10 (4)
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Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
C-14 (51)
-
Cl-36 (5)
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Cs-137 (1)
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Os-187/Os-186 (2)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (79)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (63)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (57)
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Pb-210 (3)
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Ra-226 (2)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
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Re-187/Os-188 (4)
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Rn-222 (2)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
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Th-230 (1)
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Th-232/Th-230 (3)
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tritium (4)
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (2)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (3)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (7)
-
B-11/B-10 (3)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (112)
-
Cl-37/Cl-35 (1)
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
D/H (13)
-
deuterium (6)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (4)
-
He-3 (9)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (17)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (18)
-
Li-7 (1)
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
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N-15/N-14 (4)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (133)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (2)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (113)
-
Os-187/Os-186 (2)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (15)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (79)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (63)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (7)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (57)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (5)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (4)
-
S-33/S-32 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (49)
-
Si-30 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (199)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (8)
-
Lu/Hf (11)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium
-
Th-230 (1)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (2)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (3)
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (2)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-232 (2)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium
-
Cs-137 (1)
-
-
lithium
-
Li-7 (1)
-
-
potassium (23)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
sodium (7)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (6)
-
beryllium
-
Be-10 (4)
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
-
calcium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
-
-
radium
-
Ra-226 (2)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (2)
-
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (199)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
-
-
antimony (4)
-
arsenic (5)
-
bismuth (1)
-
cadmium (1)
-
chromium
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
-
cobalt (2)
-
copper (14)
-
gold (16)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (18)
-
-
indium (1)
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (4)
-
ferric iron (4)
-
ferrous iron (3)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (79)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (63)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (7)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (57)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (5)
-
Pb-210 (3)
-
-
manganese (7)
-
mercury (33)
-
molybdenum (7)
-
nickel (6)
-
niobium (10)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (10)
-
osmium
-
Os-187/Os-186 (2)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (15)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (4)
-
-
palladium (2)
-
platinum (2)
-
platinum ores (9)
-
-
precious metals (18)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (3)
-
dysprosium (1)
-
europium (6)
-
lanthanum (5)
-
lutetium (4)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (133)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (6)
-
-
ytterbium (6)
-
yttrium (6)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (4)
-
-
silver (10)
-
tantalum (1)
-
thallium (2)
-
tin (3)
-
titanium (14)
-
tungsten (2)
-
vanadium (2)
-
zinc (11)
-
zirconium (8)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (4)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (3)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (7)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (9)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (17)
-
-
krypton (2)
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (2)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
-
radon
-
Rn-222 (2)
-
-
xenon (3)
-
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (1)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (113)
-
-
phosphorus (2)
-
selenium (2)
-
short-lived isotopes (1)
-
silicon
-
Si-30 (1)
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-33/S-32 (2)
-
S-34/S-32 (49)
-
-
tellurium (5)
-
trace metals (5)
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (1)
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces (2)
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Lissamphibia (1)
-
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Perissodactyla
-
Hippomorpha
-
Equidae
-
Hipparion (1)
-
-
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Homo
-
Homo sapiens
-
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (1)
-
-
-
-
simians
-
Pongidae
-
Proconsul (1)
-
-
-
-
Rodentia (1)
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines (2)
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (2)
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia
-
Ankylosauria (1)
-
Ceratopsia (1)
-
Ornithopoda
-
Hadrosauridae (1)
-
-
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda
-
Titanosauridae (1)
-
-
-
Theropoda (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (1)
-
Dicynodontia (1)
-
-
-
Testudinata (1)
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (2)
-
cyanobacteria (4)
-
eukaryotes (1)
-
fossil man (1)
-
Graptolithina
-
Graptoloidea (2)
-
-
Hemichordata (1)
-
ichnofossils (5)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Branchiopoda (1)
-
Ostracoda (6)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Diptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (3)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Rhynchonellida (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa (3)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Scleractinia
-
Porites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (2)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Rudistae (1)
-
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Inocerami
-
Inoceramidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (7)
-
-
Coleoidea
-
Belemnoidea
-
Belemnitidae (1)
-
-
-
Nautiloidea (1)
-
-
Gastropoda (5)
-
-
Porifera
-
Calcarea (1)
-
Stromatoporoidea (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (5)
-
-
Miliolina (1)
-
Rotaliina
-
Buliminacea
-
Bolivinitidae
-
Bolivina (1)
-
-
Bulimina (1)
-
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerina (1)
-
-
Globotruncanidae
-
Globotruncana (1)
-
-
Rotalipora (1)
-
-
Orbitoidacea
-
Orbitoididae (1)
-
-
Rotaliacea
-
Nummulitidae
-
Nummulites (2)
-
-
-
-
Textulariina
-
Lituolacea
-
Trochammina (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (21)
-
Silicoflagellata (1)
-
Tintinnidae
-
Calpionellidae (1)
-
-
-
Vermes (1)
-
-
Metazoa (1)
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (2)
-
Conodonta
-
Hindeodus (1)
-
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (5)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Chitinozoa (2)
-
Dinoflagellata
-
Peridinium (1)
-
-
megaspores (1)
-
miospores
-
Classopollis (1)
-
pollen (12)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Coccolithophoraceae
-
Coccolithus (1)
-
Emiliania
-
Emiliania huxleyi (1)
-
-
-
diatoms (8)
-
nannofossils
-
Nannoconus (1)
-
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (2)
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
Sphenopsida
-
Sphenophyllum (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae (1)
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales (1)
-
Cordaitales (1)
-
Pteridospermae (1)
-
-
-
-
problematic fossils (2)
-
Pterobranchia (1)
-
thallophytes (6)
-
tracks (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (12)
-
Ar/Ar (321)
-
exposure age (10)
-
fission-track dating (24)
-
He/He (2)
-
hydration of glass (1)
-
K/Ar (221)
-
Lu/Hf (11)
-
Nd/Nd (3)
-
optical mineralogy (1)
-
optically stimulated luminescence (1)
-
paleomagnetism (129)
-
Pb/Pb (22)
-
Pb/Th (2)
-
Rb/Sr (43)
-
Re/Os (8)
-
Sm/Nd (20)
-
Sr/Sr (3)
-
tephrochronology (54)
-
Th/U (14)
-
thermochronology (20)
-
thermoluminescence (1)
-
tree rings (7)
-
U/Pb (301)
-
U/Th/Pb (11)
-
uranium disequilibrium (9)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Blancan (1)
-
Bronze Age (2)
-
Glenns Ferry Formation (2)
-
Koobi Fora Formation (1)
-
lower Cenozoic (3)
-
middle Cenozoic (3)
-
Omo Group (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (3)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (6)
-
Mesolithic (1)
-
Middle Ages (1)
-
middle Holocene (5)
-
Neoglacial
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
-
Neolithic (1)
-
upper Holocene
-
Little Ice Age (1)
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
Mazama Ash (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (7)
-
Bishop Tuff (7)
-
Lake Lahontan (1)
-
Lake Missoula (2)
-
lower Pleistocene
-
Calabrian (1)
-
-
Matuyama Chron (1)
-
middle Pleistocene (9)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (2)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Younger Dryas (2)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (1)
-
-
-
Shungura Formation (1)
-
Stone Age
-
Mesolithic (1)
-
Neolithic (1)
-
Paleolithic (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Apache Leap Tuff (1)
-
Arikaree Group (1)
-
Calipuy Group (1)
-
Catahoula Formation (1)
-
Challis Volcanics (5)
-
Esna Shale (1)
-
John Day Formation (3)
-
lower Tertiary (21)
-
Maikop Series (1)
-
middle Tertiary
-
Masset Formation (1)
-
-
Neogene
-
Aguacate Group (1)
-
Deschutes Formation (5)
-
Miocene
-
Ash Hollow Formation (1)
-
Barstow Formation (1)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (46)
-
Crater Flat Tuff (1)
-
Ellensburg Formation (3)
-
Frenchman Springs Member (1)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (14)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (2)
-
Saucesian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Langhian (1)
-
Luisian (1)
-
-
Mohnian (1)
-
Paintbrush Tuff (1)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (2)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (5)
-
Relizian (1)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (4)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (2)
-
Mount Messenger Formation (1)
-
Turolian (1)
-
-
Wanapum Basalt (6)
-
-
Ogallala Formation (2)
-
Pliocene
-
Hadar Formation (1)
-
lower Pliocene
-
Zanclean (1)
-
-
middle Pliocene (2)
-
upper Pliocene
-
Piacenzian (1)
-
-
-
Ringold Formation (2)
-
Tesuque Formation (4)
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (2)
-
Baca Formation (1)
-
Castle Hayne Limestone (1)
-
Clarno Formation (4)
-
Crescent Formation (1)
-
Flournoy Formation (1)
-
Green River Formation (1)
-
Lake Gosiute (1)
-
lower Eocene
-
Ypresian
-
London Clay (1)
-
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Lutetian (2)
-
Tyee Formation (2)
-
-
Ootsa Lake Group (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Jackson Group (1)
-
La Meseta Formation (1)
-
Tejon Formation (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleogene (5)
-
Oligocene
-
Creede Formation (1)
-
Fish Canyon Tuff (6)
-
lower Oligocene
-
Stampian (1)
-
-
middle Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (1)
-
-
-
Orca Group (1)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (11)
-
K-T boundary (43)
-
-
middle Paleocene (1)
-
Tullock Member (1)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Thanetian (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (4)
-
upper Paleogene (1)
-
-
Shahejie Formation (1)
-
upper Tertiary (9)
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Newer Volcanics (1)
-
Villafranchian (1)
-
-
-
Dalradian (5)
-
Lake Bonneville (3)
-
Mesozoic
-
Bisbee Group (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Alisitos Formation (1)
-
Dakota Formation (1)
-
Kuskokwim Group (1)
-
Logan Canyon Formation (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Agrio Formation (1)
-
Albian (13)
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (5)
-
-
Barremian (2)
-
Berriasian (5)
-
Blackleaf Formation (1)
-
Gething Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (3)
-
Moosebar Formation (1)
-
Mural Limestone (1)
-
Neocomian (1)
-
Valanginian (11)
-
Yingcheng Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous
-
Winton Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Belle Fourche Shale (1)
-
Campanian
-
lower Campanian (1)
-
upper Campanian (2)
-
-
Carlile Shale (2)
-
Cenomanian
-
upper Cenomanian (3)
-
-
Coniacian (3)
-
Eagle Sandstone (1)
-
Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics (1)
-
Greenhorn Limestone (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
-
Hell Creek Formation (2)
-
Hornbrook Formation (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Javelina Formation (1)
-
Judith River Formation (1)
-
Kanguk Formation (2)
-
K-T boundary (43)
-
Lameta Formation (4)
-
Lance Formation (1)
-
Maestrichtian
-
upper Maestrichtian (3)
-
-
Milk River Formation (1)
-
Niobrara Formation (1)
-
Ojo Alamo Sandstone (1)
-
Santonian (3)
-
Senonian (13)
-
Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (3)
-
Turonian
-
lower Turonian (3)
-
middle Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Valdez Group (1)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (6)
-
Great Valley Sequence (7)
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (1)
-
Bonanza Group (1)
-
Carmel Formation (2)
-
Clarens Formation (1)
-
Ferrar Group (9)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
East Berlin Formation (1)
-
Hettangian (2)
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
middle Liassic (4)
-
Pliensbachian (9)
-
Portland Formation (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
Talkeetna Formation (2)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (2)
-
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (11)
-
upper Liassic (7)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (1)
-
Bajocian
-
Yakoun Group (1)
-
-
Bathonian (3)
-
Callovian (4)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (1)
-
Rajmahal Series (1)
-
Smartville Complex (3)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Bowser Lake Group (3)
-
Brushy Basin Member (1)
-
Galice Formation (1)
-
Josephine Ophiolite (1)
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
Morrison Formation (1)
-
Oxfordian (3)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Salt Wash Sandstone Member (1)
-
Tithonian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (9)
-
Nicoya Complex (2)
-
Pucara Group (1)
-
Serra Geral Formation (4)
-
Triassic
-
Chanares Formation (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (31)
-
Smithian (1)
-
Spathian (1)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Mole Granite (1)
-
Nicola Group (2)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (8)
-
Chinle Formation (2)
-
Norian (5)
-
Petrified Forest Member (1)
-
Rhaetian (4)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (11)
-
Yanchang Formation (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
-
Yixian Formation (1)
-
-
Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
-
Yanshanian (4)
-
-
MIS 2 (1)
-
Moldanubian (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Acatlan Complex (1)
-
Bowers Supergroup (1)
-
Bucksport Formation (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Acadian (1)
-
Kanmantoo Group (1)
-
Lower Cambrian (10)
-
Middle Cambrian (5)
-
Mount Read Volcanics (12)
-
Upper Cambrian (7)
-
-
Cape Elizabeth Formation (1)
-
Carboniferous
-
Benxi Formation (2)
-
Culm (1)
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Asbian (3)
-
Dinantian (9)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian (5)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (2)
-
-
-
Price Formation (2)
-
Stanley Group (2)
-
Upper Mississippian (2)
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Cumberland Group (1)
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Haymond Formation (1)
-
-
-
Schoonover Sequence (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (3)
-
Westphalian (5)
-
-
-
Casco Bay Group (1)
-
Devonian
-
Fisset Brook Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (3)
-
Lochkovian (1)
-
Oriskany Sandstone (1)
-
Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Balaklala Rhyolite (7)
-
Copley Greenstone (7)
-
Eifelian (4)
-
Givetian (3)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (2)
-
Tioga Bentonite (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian (4)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Kellwasser event (2)
-
-
-
Earn Group (2)
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Helderberg Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
Bay of Islands Ophiolite (1)
-
Berwick Formation (1)
-
Chopawamsic Formation (2)
-
-
Merrimack Group (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (6)
-
Ordovician
-
Antelope Valley Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (2)
-
Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Meguma Group (2)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Ammonoosuc Volcanics (1)
-
Darriwilian (3)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (3)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Platteville Formation (1)
-
Stones River Group (1)
-
-
Miramichi Group (1)
-
Skiddaw Slates (1)
-
Tetagouche Group (8)
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (4)
-
-
Cincinnatian (1)
-
Hirnantian (5)
-
Katian (4)
-
Mohawkian (1)
-
Sandbian (2)
-
Wufeng Formation (4)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Buckley Formation (1)
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (6)
-
Roadian (1)
-
-
Longtan Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Kungurian (1)
-
-
-
Maokou Formation (5)
-
McCloud Limestone (2)
-
Middle Permian (5)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Lopingian
-
Changhsingian (1)
-
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (31)
-
-
Vryheid Formation (1)
-
Whitehill Formation (1)
-
-
Shoo Fly Complex (5)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (1)
-
Wenlock (3)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
-
Pridoli (1)
-
-
-
Taiyuan Formation (1)
-
Talladega Group (1)
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Calaveras Formation (1)
-
Shanxi Formation (1)
-
Sicker Group (3)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (30)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Amisk Group (1)
-
Aravalli System (1)
-
Blake River Group (17)
-
Bulawayan Group (2)
-
Eoarchean (1)
-
Gilman Formation (1)
-
Hayes River Group (1)
-
Mesoarchean (8)
-
Neoarchean
-
Dharwar Supergroup (1)
-
-
Opemisca Group (2)
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (1)
-
-
Roy Group (2)
-
Swaziland Supergroup (1)
-
Timiskaming Group (2)
-
Warrawoona Group (1)
-
Yellowknife Group (2)
-
-
Catoctin Formation (1)
-
Cuddapah System (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
Hadean (2)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
middle Precambrian (2)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (3)
-
Onverwacht Group (4)
-
Osler Series (1)
-
Pongola Supergroup (2)
-
Prince Albert Group (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (6)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Algonkian (1)
-
Coldbrook Group (2)
-
Damara System (4)
-
Great Oxidation Event (2)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Keweenawan
-
Portage Lake Lava Series (1)
-
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (2)
-
Freda Sandstone (1)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (2)
-
Helikian
-
Neohelikian (1)
-
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Blaini Formation (1)
-
Brioverian (2)
-
Cryogenian (6)
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
Ediacaran (8)
-
Hadrynian
-
George River Group (1)
-
-
Riphean (2)
-
Sturtian (2)
-
upper Sinian (1)
-
Vendian (8)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian (6)
-
Birimian (2)
-
Cobalt Group (1)
-
Dhanjori Group (1)
-
Rooiberg Group (2)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Pretoria Group (1)
-
Sinian
-
Doushantuo Formation (1)
-
upper Sinian (1)
-
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (5)
-
Waterberg System (1)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (3)
-
-
Saxothuringian (1)
-
Vindhyan (2)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
agglutinates (1)
-
extrusive rocks (11)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (26)
-
granophyre (2)
-
hypabyssal rocks (14)
-
kimberlite (14)
-
peperite (6)
-
picrite (11)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (4)
-
appinite (1)
-
diabase
-
diabase porphyry (1)
-
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (3)
-
quartz diorites (3)
-
tonalite (9)
-
trondhjemite (7)
-
-
gabbros
-
alkali gabbros (1)
-
norite (2)
-
-
granites
-
adamellite (1)
-
alkali granites (1)
-
aplite (2)
-
A-type granites (3)
-
charnockite (1)
-
felsite (4)
-
granite porphyry (3)
-
monzogranite (4)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
S-type granites (3)
-
two-mica granite (2)
-
-
granodiorites (18)
-
ijolite (1)
-
lamproite (6)
-
lamprophyres
-
minette (2)
-
-
monzodiorite (2)
-
monzonites (6)
-
pegmatite (5)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
quartzolite (1)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (2)
-
garnet lherzolite (4)
-
harzburgite (2)
-
lherzolite (7)
-
spinel lherzolite (3)
-
spinel peridotite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (2)
-
garnet pyroxenite (1)
-
websterite (2)
-
-
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (5)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (16)
-
andesites
-
andesite porphyry (1)
-
boninite (8)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (7)
-
hawaiite (20)
-
mugearite (12)
-
spilite (4)
-
trachybasalts (9)
-
-
columnar basalt (1)
-
flood basalts (120)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (66)
-
ocean-island basalts (32)
-
olivine basalt (3)
-
olivine tholeiite (7)
-
shoshonite (26)
-
tholeiite (40)
-
tholeiitic basalt (25)
-
trap rocks (8)
-
-
basanite
-
ankaramite (3)
-
-
benmoreite (3)
-
dacites (80)
-
glasses
-
obsidian (10)
-
pitchstone (1)
-
volcanic glass (38)
-
-
keratophyre
-
quartz keratophyre (1)
-
-
komatiite (21)
-
latite (7)
-
leucitite (2)
-
limburgite (1)
-
meimechite (1)
-
melilitite (5)
-
nephelinite
-
ankaratrite (2)
-
-
phonolites (24)
-
pyroclastics
-
andesite tuff (1)
-
ash-flow tuff (66)
-
hyaloclastite (16)
-
ignimbrite (145)
-
pumice (64)
-
rhyolite tuff (19)
-
scoria (28)
-
tuff (211)
-
tuffite (6)
-
welded tuff (18)
-
-
quartz latite (1)
-
rhyodacites (15)
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (2)
-
pantellerite (2)
-
quartz porphyry (1)
-
-
tephrite (4)
-
trachyandesites
-
absarokite (3)
-
-
trachytes (53)
-
vitrophyre (5)
-
-
-
ophiolite (50)
-
volcanic ash (82)
-
wehrlite (3)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (11)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (18)
-
cataclasites (2)
-
eclogite (6)
-
fulgurite (1)
-
gneisses
-
biotite gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (1)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
granulites
-
leptite (1)
-
-
hornfels (1)
-
impactites (2)
-
marbles (6)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-andesite (3)
-
metabasalt (18)
-
metabasite (2)
-
metadacite (2)
-
metagabbro (3)
-
metagranite (8)
-
metakomatiite (7)
-
metaperidotite (2)
-
metarhyolite (7)
-
metatuff (3)
-
serpentinite (4)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (11)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metaconglomerate (2)
-
metagraywacke (2)
-
metasandstone (2)
-
paragneiss (2)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (1)
-
greisen (1)
-
propylite (1)
-
serpentinite (4)
-
skarn (14)
-
tactite (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (141)
-
migmatites (4)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (3)
-
-
phyllites (3)
-
phyllonites (1)
-
quartzites (2)
-
schists
-
blueschist (2)
-
greenschist (3)
-
greenstone (12)
-
-
slates (4)
-
-
ophiolite (50)
-
turbidite (34)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
lunar meteorites (1)
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
shergottite (1)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CV chondrites
-
Allende Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
moissanite (1)
-
-
electrum (3)
-
phosphides (1)
-
silicides (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (5)
-
-
borates
-
boracite (1)
-
borax (1)
-
colemanite (3)
-
hydroboracite (2)
-
ludwigite (1)
-
szaibelyite (1)
-
ulexite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (14)
-
dolomite (6)
-
magnesite (1)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
siderite (5)
-
trona (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
boracite (1)
-
eudialyte (1)
-
halite (3)
-
sylvite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (2)
-
topaz (2)
-
-
-
hydrates (3)
-
iron minerals (1)
-
K-bentonite (11)
-
metabentonite (1)
-
minerals (27)
-
molybdates
-
umohoite (1)
-
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (1)
-
-
graphite (6)
-
-
nitrates (1)
-
oxides
-
akaganeite (1)
-
aluminum oxides (2)
-
baddeleyite (4)
-
cassiterite (1)
-
chrome spinel (4)
-
chromite (3)
-
corundum (1)
-
goethite (1)
-
hematite (6)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (1)
-
oxyhydroxides (2)
-
-
ilmenite (5)
-
iron oxides (9)
-
magnetite (20)
-
manganese oxides (1)
-
nigerite (1)
-
perovskite (3)
-
rutile (1)
-
sapphire (3)
-
spinel (9)
-
tantalates
-
microlite (1)
-
-
titanium oxides (1)
-
titanomagnetite (6)
-
todorokite (1)
-
ulvospinel (1)
-
uraninite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (36)
-
monazite (5)
-
xenotime (2)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
aenigmatite group
-
aenigmatite (1)
-
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
cummingtonite (1)
-
hornblende (19)
-
tschermakite (1)
-
-
orthoamphibole
-
anthophyllite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (1)
-
chrome diopside (1)
-
clinoenstatite (1)
-
diopside (2)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
pigeonite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (2)
-
hypersthene (1)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
feldspathoids (2)
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
adularia (8)
-
anorthoclase (3)
-
K-feldspar (7)
-
microcline (1)
-
sanidine (26)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (2)
-
anorthite (1)
-
-
-
leucite (2)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
amethyst (2)
-
cristobalite (2)
-
jasper (2)
-
quartz (34)
-
tridymite (1)
-
-
sodalite group
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
laumontite (1)
-
phillipsite (1)
-
-
-
magnesian silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (1)
-
garnet group
-
almandine (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (1)
-
forsterite (3)
-
monticellite (1)
-
olivine (42)
-
peridot (1)
-
-
sillimanite (3)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (4)
-
-
topaz (2)
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
zircon (260)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (3)
-
epidote (2)
-
zoisite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (2)
-
eudialyte (1)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
schorl (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (3)
-
-
clay minerals
-
dickite (1)
-
kaolinite (9)
-
montmorillonite (1)
-
nacrite (1)
-
saponite (1)
-
smectite (13)
-
-
corrensite (1)
-
illite (14)
-
mica group
-
biotite (31)
-
celadonite (2)
-
glauconite (3)
-
muscovite (8)
-
paragonite (1)
-
phengite (2)
-
phlogopite (8)
-
-
pyrophyllite (2)
-
sericite (3)
-
serpentine group (1)
-
stilpnomelane (1)
-
talc (4)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (3)
-
anglesite (1)
-
anhydrite (6)
-
barite (7)
-
celestine (1)
-
gypsum (2)
-
jarosite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
aikinite (1)
-
arsenopyrite (5)
-
bornite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (9)
-
cinnabar (2)
-
galena (13)
-
iron sulfides (1)
-
marcasite (2)
-
molybdenite (6)
-
pentlandite (1)
-
pyrite (32)
-
pyrrhotite (7)
-
sphalerite (13)
-
tetradymite (1)
-
-
sulfosalts
-
sulfantimonites
-
freibergite (1)
-
pyrargyrite (1)
-
tetrahedrite (1)
-
-
sulfarsenites
-
tennantite (3)
-
-
sulfobismuthites
-
matildite (1)
-
-
-
tellurides
-
hessite (1)
-
tetradymite (1)
-
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
vanadates
-
carnotite (1)
-
-
wehrlite (3)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (835)
-
Africa
-
Afar (6)
-
Cape Verde Islands (5)
-
Central Africa
-
Angola (3)
-
Burundi (1)
-
Congo (1)
-
Congo Democratic Republic
-
Kivu Congo Democratic Republic
-
Nyiragongo (1)
-
-
-
Rwanda (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (6)
-
Djibouti (2)
-
Eritrea (1)
-
Ethiopia
-
Awash Valley (1)
-
Omo Valley (1)
-
-
Ethiopian Rift (8)
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (11)
-
Nakuru Basin (1)
-
Turkana District (2)
-
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Lake Natron (1)
-
Lake Turkana (6)
-
Mozambique (2)
-
Somali Republic (3)
-
Sudan (3)
-
Tanzania
-
Kilimanjaro (1)
-
Oldoinyo Lengai (4)
-
-
Turkana Basin (5)
-
Uganda (4)
-
Zambia
-
Lusaka Zambia (1)
-
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Baringo (1)
-
Lake Malawi (1)
-
Lake Natron (1)
-
Lake Turkana (6)
-
-
East African Rift (25)
-
Gregory Rift (4)
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Lebombo Mountains (1)
-
Limpopo Belt (1)
-
Madagascar
-
Mahajanga Basin (2)
-
-
Mozambique Belt (2)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (2)
-
Constantine Algeria (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (5)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Libya (3)
-
Maghreb (2)
-
Morocco
-
Bou Azzer (1)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
High Atlas (5)
-
-
Rif (4)
-
-
Tell (1)
-
Tunisia
-
El Kef Tunisia (2)
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (2)
-
Red Sea Hills (1)
-
Sahara (3)
-
Sahel (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (5)
-
Botswana
-
Okavango Delta (1)
-
-
Gariep Belt (4)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (8)
-
Kalahari Craton (1)
-
Karoo Basin (15)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (4)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (9)
-
Cape Province region (6)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Free State South Africa (1)
-
Gauteng South Africa
-
Pretoria South Africa (1)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
Limpopo South Africa (2)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (2)
-
North-West Province South Africa (1)
-
Transvaal region (5)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Swaziland (2)
-
Zimbabwe (4)
-
-
West Africa
-
Benue Valley (1)
-
Burkina Faso (1)
-
Cameroon
-
Mount Cameroon (2)
-
-
Chad (1)
-
Ivory Coast (3)
-
Mali (2)
-
Mauritania (2)
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
Niger (4)
-
Nigeria (6)
-
Senegal (2)
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
West African Shield (2)
-
Zambezi Valley (1)
-
Zimbabwe Craton (4)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Amundsen Sea (1)
-
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Expedition 330
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IODP Site U1372 (1)
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Expedition 340
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intrusions (532)
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Invertebrata
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Trilobitomorpha
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Articulata
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Echinodermata
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Textulariina
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Vermes (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Alisitos Formation (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (13)
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Middle Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Belle Fourche Shale (1)
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Carlile Shale (2)
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upper Maestrichtian (3)
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Valdez Group (1)
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Franciscan Complex (6)
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (11)
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Middle Jurassic
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Norphlet Formation (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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lower Mesozoic (9)
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Triassic
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Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (31)
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Middle Triassic
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Upper Triassic
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Norian (5)
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Petrified Forest Member (1)
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Triassic-Jurassic boundary (11)
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Yanchang Formation (1)
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upper Mesozoic
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Yixian Formation (1)
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Vaca Muerta Formation (1)
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Th-230 (1)
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uranium
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U-238/Th-230 (1)
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alkali metals
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potassium (23)
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rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
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magnesium
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (2)
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radium
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Ra-226 (2)
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (3)
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aluminum
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lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (79)
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Ventersdorp Supergroup (5)
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volcanism
Geochemical transition from Miocene–Pliocene to Quaternary arc volcanism in the northern Sierra Nevada, California
ABSTRACT Miocene–Pliocene volcanism around Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada, USA, part of the Southern Ancestral Cascades arc, ceased at around 3 Ma as the southern edge of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate migrated north of the region. Post–3 Ma, arc volcanism continued north of Lake Tahoe, but modern subduction and arc volcanism now occur only north of the Lassen volcanic center. Miocene–Pliocene Tahoe arc lavas appear to include an older mantle source component that is not common in Quaternary Lassen arc rocks. The goal of this work was to investigate how magma sources and/or volcanic processes transitioned in the northern Sierra Nevada between Lake Tahoe and Lassen. The Sierra Nevada between Lake Tahoe and Lassen, or the North Sierra segment of the Ancestral Cascades, includes eroded remnants of Ancestral Cascades volcanic rocks, including lava flow complexes, intrusions, and landslide/debris-flow deposits. Lava samples from the North Sierra segment include calc-alkaline basalts to dacites, with rare rhyolites. All North Sierra segment lavas exhibit normalized incompatible-element patterns with negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies and positive Pb, Sr, and Ba anomalies. The North Sierra segment is geochemically split into two parts: a northern group including lavas from the Susanville area, and a southern group consisting of arc rocks from the Portola, Sierraville, Henness Pass, and Sagehen areas. With the exception of the Sagehen area, the North Sierra segment shows little variation in radiogenic isotope ratios with SiO 2 , indicating that assimilation of crustal rocks was outweighed by liquid-crystal crystallization during magma evolution. Trace-element and isotopic ratios in mafic rocks of the northern group are more typical of Lassen area Quaternary volcanic rocks, whereas those of southern group mafic rocks are more typical of Miocene–Pliocene arc lavas of the Lake Tahoe area. The isotopic distinction between Lassen-like and Tahoe-like arc lavas is likely controlled by basement age and lithology, where Lassen-like magmas were derived largely by mantle wedge melting and Tahoe-like magmas were primarily partial melts of metasomatized Sierran lithospheric mantle. The Susanville area represents the “transition zone” between these two geochemically distinct primary magma sources.
ABSTRACT The volcanic stratigraphy of the central Gulf of California margin of the Baja California peninsula preserves a valuable record of the transition from subduction of the Farallon plate (24–12 Ma) to oblique rifting (<12 Ma). Although strike-slip faults (as well as normal faults) are common in oblique rifts and are abundant on the new (younger than 6 Ma) seafloor in the Gulf of California, none has been previously reported in the onshore central Baja California margin. This study focused on a previously unmapped region in the central Baja California margin near Mulegé, where we identified a strike-slip fault, termed the Potrero fault, and described the regional magmatic and structural context for this fault. We did this by using geologic mapping of volcanic-volcaniclastic lithofacies, supported by petrography, geochemistry, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. The Potrero fault is a vertical fault that strikes N10°W, with dextral-oblique (down-to-the-east) slip. This fault juxtaposes older rocks on the west with younger rocks on the east. The older rocks on the west side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Middle Comondú Group, which is early Miocene in age. They consist largely of a >800 m red bed sequence of coarse-grained andesitic volcanic debris-flow deposits (proximal facies) that transition westward into fluvial conglomerates and sandstones (distal facies). The proximal facies has interstratified coarse-grained trachyandesite block-and-ash-flow tuffs with a 40Ar/39Ar age of 18.72 ± 0.24 Ma. This section is cut by mafic- to intermediate-composition dikes, with lesser plugs, that have 40Ar/39Ar ages of 16.88 ± 0.30 Ma to 14.85 ± 0.05 Ma. This early Miocene assemblage is truncated by an angular unconformity and overlain by Pliocene high-Sr/Y trachyandesite lavas, with an 40Ar/39Ar age of 4.02 ± 0.04 Ma. The younger rocks on the east side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Upper Comondú Group, which is middle to late Miocene in age. This unit is dominated by small lava shields, with diameters of 2–9 km and thicknesses up to 300 m. The lava shields have basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, andesite, high-Sr/Y trachyandesite, and dacite compositions, with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 13.39 ± 0.03 Ma to 10.74 ± 0.08 Ma (four samples). At two localities in the map area, the Upper Comondú Group lava shields rest in angular unconformity on the Middle Comondú Group red beds and dikes, and the eruptive equivalents of the dikes are missing along this unconformity. We correlated this unconformity with the unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group on the west side of the Potrero fault to estimate a vertical component of slip of at least 800 m down-to-the-east across the Potrero fault. The lateral component of slip is not known, because the regions to the north and south are unmapped, so piercing points cannot be identified. The Middle Comondú Group in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area forms part of a regionally extensive, early Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, that outcrops for a distance of 500 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. It thickens and coarsens eastward, through what is now the Concepción Peninsula, where it also contains early Miocene dikes and hypabyssal intrusions and is similarly capped by an angular unconformity, with eruptive equivalents of the dikes and intrusions missing along the unconformity. We propose that the laterally extensive Middle Comondú Group was deposited in a rift basin, bounded by a west-dipping normal fault system that lay to the east of what is now the Concepción Peninsula, in the present-day offshore Gulf of California. We infer that the thick, coarse-grained volcanic andesitic debris-flow deposits of the Middle Comondú Group were shed from large andesite arc stratovolcanoes (Comondú arc) that also lay to the east in the present-day Gulf of California. We interpret the volumetrically minor block-and-ash-flow tuffs, dikes, and hypabyssal intrusions of the Middle Comondú Group to record minor magmatism in a forearc position. We also suggest that the angular unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group records thermal uplift that occurred as the arc axis swept westward (trenchward) into the region, at ca. 14 Ma, due to continued slab rollback that began in the Oligocene under western Mexico. The Upper Comondú Group lavas in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form part of a Middle to Upper Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, which outcrops for a distance of 700 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. This unit consists largely of andesite and basaltic andesite lavas erupted from stratovolcanoes in the axis of the Comondú arc. The Upper Comondú Group lavas thicken dramatically eastward toward the Bahía Concepción fault, a down-to-the-west normal fault that bounds the Concepción Peninsula on its west side. We thus infer that this fault became active in middle Miocene time (14 Ma). This fault records westward encroachment of normal faulting concurrent with the westward sweep of the arc axis, from the Gulf of California into Baja California. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas that form the structurally highest part of the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form an erosional escarpment that does not extend to the Potrero fault, so the lavas cannot be used to determine whether the Potrero fault was active before, during, or after their eruption. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas are a previously unidentified part of the regional postsubduction suite of “bajaites,” attributed to slab window magmatism.