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Format
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Journal
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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Admiralty Bay (1)
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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Cape Verde Islands (3)
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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East Africa
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Afar Depression (2)
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Ethiopia
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Awash Valley (3)
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Omo Valley (1)
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Ethiopian Rift (1)
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (1)
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Tanzania
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Laetoli (2)
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Olduvai Gorge (3)
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Turkana Basin (1)
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Zambia (3)
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East African Lakes (1)
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East African Rift (4)
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North Africa
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (3)
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High Atlas (1)
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Egypt
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Maghreb (1)
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Morocco
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Rif (2)
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Tell (1)
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Southern Africa
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Namibia
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (2)
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Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Free State South Africa (1)
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Gauteng South Africa
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Klerksdorp Field (1)
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Transvaal region (2)
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Zimbabwe
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Belingwe greenstone belt (1)
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West Africa
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Antarctica
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Arctic Ocean
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Arctic region
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Russian Arctic
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Arran (2)
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Asia
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Altai Russian Federation
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Kemerovo Russian Federation (6)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Iran
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Novosibirsk Russian Federation (2)
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Sakhalin Russian Federation
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West Siberia
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Atlantic Ocean
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South Atlantic
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Australasia
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Australia
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Northern Territory Australia
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Queensland Australia (3)
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South Australia
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Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
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Tamworth Belt (1)
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Tasmania Australia
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Hellyer Deposit (4)
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Victoria Australia
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Western Australia
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Pilbara Craton (3)
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Yilgarn Craton (2)
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New Zealand
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Lake Taupo (2)
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Otago New Zealand
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Ruapehu (2)
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Taranaki New Zealand
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Tarawera volcanic complex (1)
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Taupo volcanic zone (4)
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Papua (1)
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Avalon Zone (6)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Gloucester County New Brunswick
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Saint John County New Brunswick
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Nova Scotia
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Antigonish County Nova Scotia (1)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Ontario
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Salair Ridge (2)
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Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
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antimony (1)
-
chromium (2)
-
cobalt (1)
-
copper (3)
-
gold (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (8)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (1)
-
ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (13)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (10)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (10)
-
-
manganese (3)
-
mercury (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
nickel (2)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (2)
-
palladium (1)
-
-
precious metals (4)
-
rare earths
-
cerium (2)
-
europium (2)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
lutetium (2)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (14)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (2)
-
-
scandium (1)
-
terbium (1)
-
ytterbium (1)
-
-
silver (2)
-
tantalum (1)
-
titanium (2)
-
vanadium (1)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
organic nitrogen (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-38/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40 (2)
-
Ar-40/Ar-36 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
Ne-22/Ne-21 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (24)
-
-
phosphorus (2)
-
silicon
-
Si-30/Si-28 (1)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (12)
-
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Multituberculata (1)
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Hippopotamidae (1)
-
-
Perissodactyla
-
Ceratomorpha (1)
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Australopithecinae
-
Australopithecus
-
Australopithecus afarensis (1)
-
-
-
Homo
-
Homo sapiens (1)
-
-
-
simians (2)
-
-
Proboscidea
-
Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
-
Mammuthus
-
Mammuthus columbi (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Rodentia
-
Myomorpha
-
Arvicolidae (1)
-
Cricetidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines (1)
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (1)
-
dinosaurs (3)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cloudina (2)
-
cyanobacteria (1)
-
Graptolithina (3)
-
Hemichordata (2)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Ostracoda (5)
-
-
Insecta
-
Pterygota
-
Neoptera
-
Endopterygota
-
Coleoptera (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (3)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Orthida (2)
-
Rhynchonellida (1)
-
-
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa
-
Zoantharia
-
Tabulata (1)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata (2)
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Veneroida
-
Cardiidae (1)
-
-
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Inocerami
-
Inoceramidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (2)
-
-
-
Gastropoda
-
Pteropoda (1)
-
-
-
Porifera (2)
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
Rotaliina
-
Globigerinacea
-
Globigerinidae
-
Globigerinoides (1)
-
-
Globorotaliidae
-
Globorotalia (1)
-
-
Neogloboquadrina (1)
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (8)
-
Silicoflagellata (1)
-
-
-
Metazoa (2)
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (9)
-
Fusulinina
-
Fusulinidae (1)
-
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Dinoflagellata (4)
-
miospores
-
pollen (5)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
calcareous algae (1)
-
diatoms (4)
-
nannofossils (10)
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Pteridophyta
-
Filicopsida
-
Dicroidium (1)
-
Sphenopteris (1)
-
-
Lycopsida (1)
-
Sphenopsida
-
Sphenophyllum (1)
-
Sphenopteris (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae (1)
-
Gymnospermae (1)
-
-
-
problematic fossils
-
problematic microfossils (1)
-
-
Pterobranchia (2)
-
thallophytes (2)
-
tracks (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (3)
-
Ar/Ar (79)
-
fission-track dating (8)
-
He/He (1)
-
K/Ar (26)
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Lu/Hf (2)
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Nd/Nd (1)
-
paleomagnetism (42)
-
Pb/Pb (8)
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Pb/Th (1)
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racemization (1)
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Rb/Sr (10)
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Re/Os (4)
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Sm/Nd (5)
-
Sr/Sr (2)
-
tephrochronology (37)
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Th/U (1)
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thermochronology (3)
-
thermoluminescence (2)
-
tree rings (4)
-
U/Pb (108)
-
U/Th/Pb (4)
-
uranium disequilibrium (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Blancan (2)
-
Bronze Age (2)
-
Gila Conglomerate (2)
-
Glenns Ferry Formation (1)
-
Kobiwako Group (1)
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
Neoglacial (1)
-
upper Holocene (12)
-
-
Mazama Ash (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (2)
-
Bishop Tuff (2)
-
Blackwater Draw Formation (1)
-
Irvingtonian (2)
-
Lake Missoula (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (5)
-
Matuyama Chron (2)
-
middle Pleistocene (5)
-
Old Crow Tephra (2)
-
Shimosa Group (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (1)
-
Rancholabrean (1)
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (3)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (3)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Arikaree Group (1)
-
Catahoula Formation (2)
-
Challis Volcanics (4)
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
middle Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Deschutes Formation (2)
-
Gilbert Chron (1)
-
Miocene
-
Barstow Formation (4)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (7)
-
Ellensburg Formation (4)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (2)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Badenian (1)
-
Langhian (1)
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
Ngorora Formation (1)
-
Paintbrush Tuff (1)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (2)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (3)
-
Tortonian (2)
-
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Laetolil Beds (1)
-
lower Pliocene (7)
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (7)
-
-
Ringold Formation (1)
-
Tesuque Formation (2)
-
upper Neogene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (1)
-
Bridger Formation (1)
-
Bridgerian (1)
-
Castle Hayne Limestone (1)
-
Green River Formation (5)
-
Lake Gosiute (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Wasatchian (1)
-
Willwood Formation (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Bartonian (1)
-
-
Ootsa Lake Group (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
Wilkins Peak Member (2)
-
-
Hanna Formation (1)
-
Kenai Group (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Creede Formation (1)
-
Hemlock Conglomerate (1)
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
middle Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
Nacimiento Formation (1)
-
upper Paleocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
Renova Formation (1)
-
Tyonek Formation (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (2)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (7)
-
Wildcat Group (1)
-
-
Dalradian (2)
-
Lake Bonneville (1)
-
Laurentide ice sheet (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Bisbee Group (1)
-
Cretaceous
-
Alisitos Formation (1)
-
Kuskokwim Group (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (6)
-
Aptian (3)
-
Barremian (3)
-
Cedar Mountain Formation (1)
-
Christopher Formation (1)
-
Cloverly Formation (1)
-
Hauterivian (1)
-
Isachsen Formation (1)
-
Lagoa Feia Formation (1)
-
Mural Limestone (1)
-
Spirit River Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (1)
-
Cenomanian (2)
-
Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Austin Chalk (1)
-
Taylor Marl (1)
-
-
Javelina Formation (1)
-
Kirtland Shale (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Maestrichtian (1)
-
Ojo Alamo Sandstone (1)
-
Senonian (2)
-
Turonian (1)
-
Two Medicine Formation (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Aztec Sandstone (2)
-
Carmel Formation (2)
-
Coast Range Ophiolite (1)
-
Ferrar Group (2)
-
Kirkpatrick Basalt (1)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
middle Liassic (2)
-
Pliensbachian (2)
-
Talkeetna Formation (1)
-
Toarcian (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
upper Liassic (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian (4)
-
Bathonian (2)
-
Callovian (2)
-
Page Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Brushy Basin Member (1)
-
Morrison Formation (1)
-
Oxfordian (2)
-
Portlandian (1)
-
Tithonian (2)
-
-
-
Longarm Formation (1)
-
lower Mesozoic (2)
-
Murihiku Supergroup (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Pucara Group (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
-
Induan (2)
-
Olenekian (2)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (7)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
Ladinian (5)
-
-
Takla Group (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (5)
-
Chinle Formation (6)
-
Norian (3)
-
Petrified Forest Member (1)
-
Triassic-Jurassic boundary (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Bowers Supergroup (1)
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Atdabanian (1)
-
Chilhowee Group (1)
-
Shady Dolomite (1)
-
Tommotian (2)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (6)
-
Mount Read Volcanics (8)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Goldenville Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (6)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Tournaisian
-
upper Tournaisian (1)
-
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean
-
upper Visean (1)
-
-
-
Price Formation (1)
-
Stanley Group (1)
-
-
Namurian (1)
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Middle Pennsylvanian
-
Atokan
-
Atoka Formation (1)
-
-
Kanawha Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Pennsylvanian
-
Kasimovian (1)
-
Missourian
-
Rock Lake Shale Member (1)
-
Stanton Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Silesian (1)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (3)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (2)
-
Givetian (2)
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Onondaga Limestone (1)
-
-
Millboro Shale (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (2)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic (6)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (3)
-
Tremadocian
-
Halifax Formation (1)
-
-
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Cloridorme Formation (1)
-
Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
-
Millbrig Bentonite Bed (1)
-
-
Miramichi Group (1)
-
Tetagouche Group (3)
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Caradocian
-
Borrowdale Volcanic Group (2)
-
-
Cincinnatian
-
Richmondian (1)
-
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
Juniata Formation (1)
-
Katian (1)
-
-
Wild Bight Group (2)
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (2)
-
Guadalupian (1)
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
-
-
McCloud Limestone (3)
-
Middle Permian (1)
-
Rio Bonito Formation (1)
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Lopingian (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (7)
-
Tatarian (1)
-
-
-
Shoo Fly Complex (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (1)
-
Wenlock (2)
-
-
Upper Silurian (1)
-
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Sicker Group (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (2)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Amisk Group (3)
-
Blake River Group (4)
-
Bulawayan Group (2)
-
Kromberg Formation (1)
-
Mesoarchean (2)
-
Neoarchean (10)
-
Paleoarchean
-
Hooggenoeg Formation (1)
-
-
Warrawoona Group (2)
-
-
Cuddapah System (1)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
-
middle Precambrian (1)
-
Missi Group (2)
-
Onverwacht Group (1)
-
Pongola Supergroup (1)
-
Prince Albert Group (1)
-
Sokoman Formation (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (2)
-
Unkar Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Coldbrook Group (1)
-
Keweenawan (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (3)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (6)
-
Hadrynian
-
George River Group (1)
-
-
Infracambrian (1)
-
Marinoan (4)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (2)
-
Tonian (1)
-
Torridonian (2)
-
Vendian (6)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (3)
-
Dhanjori Group (1)
-
Karelian (1)
-
Orosirian (1)
-
Rooiberg Group (1)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (3)
-
Pretoria Group (1)
-
Sinian
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (3)
-
Witwatersrand Supergroup (1)
-
-
Saxothuringian (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
extrusive rocks (3)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites
-
sovite (1)
-
-
hypabyssal rocks (6)
-
kimberlite (5)
-
peperite (8)
-
picrite (3)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (8)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
quartz diorites (3)
-
tonalite (2)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros (12)
-
granites
-
alkali granites (2)
-
granite porphyry (1)
-
monzogranite (1)
-
-
granodiorites (4)
-
monzonites (1)
-
pegmatite (1)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
sovite (1)
-
syenites
-
albitite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (3)
-
-
-
porphyry
-
vitrophyre (2)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites
-
andesite porphyry (1)
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (2)
-
-
flood basalts (13)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (10)
-
ocean-island basalts (3)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
tholeiite (7)
-
tholeiitic basalt (5)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (10)
-
glasses
-
palagonite (2)
-
volcanic glass (18)
-
-
keratophyre (1)
-
komatiite (2)
-
melilitite (1)
-
nephelinite (4)
-
phonolites (4)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (7)
-
hyaloclastite (9)
-
ignimbrite (33)
-
pumice (21)
-
rhyolite tuff (3)
-
scoria (3)
-
tuff (94)
-
tuffite (2)
-
welded tuff (2)
-
-
rhyodacites (3)
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (1)
-
-
tephrite (1)
-
trachyandesites (4)
-
trachytes (3)
-
vitrophyre (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (12)
-
volcanic ash (28)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
metabentonite (2)
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (6)
-
cataclasites (2)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
-
hornfels (1)
-
listwanite (1)
-
marbles (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
meta-andesite (1)
-
metabasalt (9)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metagranite (1)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (4)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metaconglomerate (2)
-
metapelite (1)
-
metasandstone (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen
-
beresite (1)
-
-
serpentinite (4)
-
skarn (7)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (22)
-
migmatites (1)
-
mylonites (3)
-
phyllites (2)
-
quartzites (3)
-
schists
-
greenschist (3)
-
greenstone (3)
-
muscovite schist (1)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (12)
-
turbidite (39)
-
-
minerals
-
arsenates
-
conichalcite (1)
-
pharmacosiderite (1)
-
scorodite (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (1)
-
cobaltite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (7)
-
dawsonite (1)
-
dolomite (2)
-
siderite (2)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (2)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (1)
-
-
-
K-bentonite (3)
-
metabentonite (2)
-
minerals (7)
-
native elements
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diamond (3)
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oxides
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aluminum oxides (1)
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baddeleyite (1)
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diaspore (1)
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goethite (1)
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hematite (3)
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hydroxides
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iron hydroxides (1)
-
oxyhydroxides (2)
-
-
ilmenite (2)
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iron oxides (3)
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magnetite (2)
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manganese oxides (1)
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rutile (2)
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spinel (3)
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titanium oxides (2)
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titanomagnetite (3)
-
-
phosphates
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apatite (6)
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crandallite (1)
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fluorapatite (1)
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monazite (4)
-
-
selenides (1)
-
silicates
-
asbestos (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (3)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (1)
-
diopside (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
anorthoclase (1)
-
K-feldspar (6)
-
microcline (1)
-
sanidine (7)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (2)
-
oligoclase (1)
-
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (2)
-
-
silica minerals
-
chalcedony (1)
-
cristobalite (1)
-
jasper (1)
-
opal
-
opal-A (1)
-
opal-CT (2)
-
-
quartz (17)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (3)
-
chabazite (1)
-
clinoptilolite (9)
-
erionite (1)
-
ferrierite (1)
-
heulandite (6)
-
laumontite (3)
-
mordenite (5)
-
phillipsite (1)
-
stilbite (1)
-
wairakite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
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andradite (1)
-
grossular (2)
-
pyrope (2)
-
-
olivine group
-
olivine (5)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
zircon (90)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (2)
-
epidote (2)
-
-
melilite group
-
melilite (1)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
schorl (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (6)
-
-
clay minerals
-
beidellite (2)
-
halloysite (4)
-
kaolinite (8)
-
montmorillonite (2)
-
saponite (1)
-
smectite (23)
-
stevensite (1)
-
-
corrensite (1)
-
illite (10)
-
magadiite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (19)
-
glauconite (2)
-
muscovite (3)
-
phlogopite (2)
-
-
palygorskite (2)
-
pyrophyllite (1)
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sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
berthierine (1)
-
serpentine (1)
-
-
stilpnomelane (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (3)
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anhydrite (2)
-
barite (2)
-
gypsum (2)
-
-
sulfides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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chalcopyrite (1)
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cobaltite (1)
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galena (2)
-
pyrite (5)
-
siegenite (1)
-
sphalerite (3)
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violarite (1)
-
-
tellurides (1)
-
vanadates
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carnotite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (212)
-
Africa
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Afar (1)
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Cape Verde Islands (3)
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Central Africa
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Angola (1)
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East Africa
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Afar Depression (2)
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Ethiopia
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Awash Valley (3)
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Omo Valley (1)
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Ethiopian Rift (1)
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Kenya
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Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
Tanzania
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Laetoli (2)
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Olduvai Gorge (3)
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Turkana Basin (1)
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Zambia (3)
-
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East African Lakes (1)
-
East African Rift (4)
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North Africa
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (3)
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High Atlas (1)
-
-
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Egypt
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Eastern Desert (1)
-
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Maghreb (1)
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Morocco
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Marrakech Morocco (1)
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (3)
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High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif (2)
-
-
Tell (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Barberton greenstone belt (1)
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (4)
-
Karoo Basin (2)
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Namibia
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Kaoko Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Free State South Africa (1)
-
Gauteng South Africa
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Pretoria South Africa (1)
-
-
Klerksdorp Field (1)
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
Transvaal region (2)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
-
Zimbabwe
-
Belingwe greenstone belt (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (1)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Mauritanides (1)
-
Senegal (3)
-
-
West African Shield (2)
-
Zambezi Valley (1)
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Zimbabwe Craton (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Amundsen Sea (1)
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Antarctic Peninsula
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Graham Land (3)
-
-
East Antarctica (2)
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South Shetland Islands
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Deception Island (1)
-
King George Island (1)
-
Livingston Island (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains
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Beardmore Glacier (1)
-
-
Victoria Land
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Allan Hills (2)
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Cape Roberts (1)
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McMurdo dry valleys (1)
-
-
West Antarctica (2)
-
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Arctic Ocean
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Norwegian Sea
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Kolbeinsey Ridge (1)
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Voring Plateau (2)
-
-
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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East Greenland (5)
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Jan Mayen (1)
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Russian Arctic
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Svalbard (2)
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Asia
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Altai Mountains
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Altai Russian Federation
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Gorny Altai (5)
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Altai-Sayan region (2)
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Arabian Peninsula
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-
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Buryat Russian Federation (1)
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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-
-
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Far East
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Borneo
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Cambodia (1)
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China
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Anhui China (1)
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Guangxi China (1)
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Guizhou China (3)
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Xizang China (1)
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-
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Indonesia
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Celebes (2)
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Java (2)
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Krakatoa (2)
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Sumatra
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Toba Lake (5)
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Sunda Strait (1)
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Tambora (1)
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-
Japan
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Hokkaido (1)
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Honshu
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Aichi Japan (1)
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Chiba Peninsula (2)
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Iwate Japan
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Kakkonda Field (1)
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Kii Peninsula (1)
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Tokyo Bay (1)
-
-
-
Korea
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South Korea
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Cheju Island (2)
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Kyongsang Basin (1)
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Pohang South Korea (1)
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-
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Lesser Sunda Islands
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Tambora (1)
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Malay Peninsula
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Langkawi Islands (1)
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-
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Malaysia
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-
-
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Mongolia
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Selenga Mongolia (1)
-
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Philippine Islands
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Luzon
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Mount Pinatubo (1)
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Gobi Desert (1)
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Himalayas (3)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Bastar Craton (2)
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Bengal Islands
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-
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Bihar India (1)
-
Chhattisgarh India (3)
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Dharwar Craton (2)
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Jharkhand India
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-
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Karnataka India
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Chitradurga schist belt (1)
-
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Madhya Pradesh India (1)
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Son Valley (1)
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Uttar Pradesh India (1)
-
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Indian Shield (3)
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Indus Basin (1)
-
Jammu and Kashmir
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Ladakh (3)
-
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Nepal (1)
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Pakistan (2)
-
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (2)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula
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Sheveluch (1)
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Uzon (1)
-
-
-
Kemerovo Russian Federation (6)
-
Khabarovsk Russian Federation (1)
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Khakasiya Russian Federation (2)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Severnaya Zemlya (2)
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Kuznetsk Basin (4)
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Lena River (1)
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Main Central Thrust (1)
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Middle East
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Iran
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Elburz (2)
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Israel (1)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (3)
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Sea of Marmara region (1)
-
-
-
Novosibirsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Rudny Altai (1)
-
Russian Far East (1)
-
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-
Sakhalin Russian Federation
-
Kuril Islands (1)
-
-
Salair Ridge (2)
-
Sayan
-
Eastern Sayan (2)
-
Western Sayan (1)
-
-
Selenga River valley (1)
-
Siberia (4)
-
Siberian Platform
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Aldan Shield (1)
-
Anabar Shield (1)
-
-
Sikhote-Alin Range (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
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Tien Shan (1)
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Tunguska Basin (1)
-
Tunguska Syneclise (2)
-
Tuva Russian Federation (5)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
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Yamal-Nenets Russian Federation (1)
-
-
West Siberia
-
Kuznetsk Alatau (2)
-
Severnaya Zemlya (2)
-
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Anabar Shield (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltimore Canyon (1)
-
Barbados Ridge (1)
-
Caribbean Sea (7)
-
Faeroe-Shetland Basin (7)
-
Georges Bank (2)
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Georges Bank basin (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico (2)
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North Sea (3)
-
Northeast Atlantic (5)
-
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Reykjanes Ridge (1)
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Rockall Plateau (1)
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Scotian Shelf (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Santos Basin (1)
-
Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores (3)
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Canary Islands
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Hierro (1)
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Tenerife (2)
-
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Cape Verde Islands (3)
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Faeroe Islands (7)
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Atlantic region (2)
-
atmosphere (2)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
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Lachlan fold belt (1)
-
New South Wales Australia
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Northparkes Mine (1)
-
-
Northern Territory Australia
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HYC Deposit (1)
-
-
Queensland Australia (3)
-
South Australia
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Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
-
-
Tamworth Belt (1)
-
Tasmania Australia
-
Hellyer Deposit (4)
-
-
Victoria Australia
-
Stawell Australia (1)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Boddington Mine (1)
-
Hamersley Basin (1)
-
Pilbara Craton (3)
-
Yilgarn Craton (2)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Bay of Plenty (1)
-
Coromandel Peninsula (1)
-
Lake Taupo (2)
-
Northland New Zealand (1)
-
Otago New Zealand
-
Kakanui (1)
-
-
Ruapehu (2)
-
Taranaki New Zealand
-
Mount Egmont (1)
-
-
Tarawera volcanic complex (1)
-
Taupo New Zealand (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (4)
-
Waikato Basin (1)
-
Waikato River (1)
-
-
Papua (1)
-
Papua New Guinea (2)
-
Tasman orogenic zone (1)
-
-
bacteria (1)
-
barite deposits (2)
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bentonite deposits (1)
-
bibliography (2)
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biogeography (6)
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boron (1)
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brines (6)
-
Canada
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Cassiar Mountains (1)
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Eastern Canada
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Lake Timiskaming (1)
-
Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick
-
Gloucester County New Brunswick
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Bathurst mining district (5)
-
Bathurst New Brunswick (1)
-
-
Saint John County New Brunswick
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Saint John New Brunswick (1)
-
-
-
Nova Scotia
-
Antigonish County Nova Scotia (1)
-
Cape Breton Island (2)
-
Cobequid Highlands (1)
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Minas Basin (1)
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Yarmouth County Nova Scotia
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-
-
-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (2)
-
Newfoundland
-
Avalon Peninsula (2)
-
Baie Verte Peninsula (1)
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Burin Peninsula (1)
-
Notre Dame Bay (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Kidd Creek Mine (1)
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Timmins Ontario (3)
-
-
Timiskaming District Ontario
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Kirkland Lake Ontario (2)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Frontenac County Quebec (1)
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-
Noranda Quebec (3)
-
Temiscamingue County Quebec
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Rouyn Quebec (1)
-
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
-
Stikinia Terrane (3)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
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Elmworth Field (1)
-
-
British Columbia
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Mount Meager (1)
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Vancouver Island (2)
-
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Canadian Cordillera (7)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Manitoba
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Flin Flon Manitoba (2)
-
Snow Lake Manitoba (2)
-
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
Saskatchewan (4)
-
Yukon Territory
-
Klondike (3)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (28)
-
C-14 (13)
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
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Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Hispaniola
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Dominican Republic (2)
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Haiti (1)
-
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Puerto Rico (1)
-
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Lesser Antilles
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Antigua (1)
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Barbados (2)
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Guadeloupe (2)
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Martinique
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Mount Pelee (1)
-
-
Montserrat Island
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Soufriere Hills (2)
-
-
Soufriere (1)
-
Trinidad and Tobago
-
Tobago (1)
-
Trinidad (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Blancan (2)
-
Bronze Age (2)
-
Gila Conglomerate (2)
-
Glenns Ferry Formation (1)
-
Kobiwako Group (1)
-
middle Cenozoic (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (1)
-
middle Holocene (1)
-
Neoglacial (1)
-
upper Holocene (12)
-
-
Mazama Ash (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Bandelier Tuff (2)
-
Bishop Tuff (2)
-
Blackwater Draw Formation (1)
-
Irvingtonian (2)
-
Lake Missoula (1)
-
lower Pleistocene (5)
-
Matuyama Chron (2)
-
middle Pleistocene (5)
-
Old Crow Tephra (2)
-
Shimosa Group (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Eemian (1)
-
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (1)
-
Rancholabrean (1)
-
Wisconsinan
-
upper Wisconsinan (3)
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Brunhes Chron (3)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Arikaree Group (1)
-
Catahoula Formation (2)
-
Challis Volcanics (4)
-
John Day Formation (1)
-
lower Tertiary (1)
-
middle Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Deschutes Formation (2)
-
Gilbert Chron (1)
-
Miocene
-
Barstow Formation (4)
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (7)
-
Ellensburg Formation (4)
-
Grande Ronde Basalt (2)
-
lower Miocene
-
Burdigalian (1)
-
-
middle Miocene
-
Badenian (1)
-
Langhian (1)
-
Serravallian (1)
-
-
Ngorora Formation (1)
-
Paintbrush Tuff (1)
-
Picture Gorge Basalt (2)
-
Saddle Mountains Basalt (1)
-
upper Miocene
-
Messinian (3)
-
Tortonian (2)
-
-
Wanapum Basalt (1)
-
-
Pliocene
-
Laetolil Beds (1)
-
lower Pliocene (7)
-
middle Pliocene (1)
-
upper Pliocene (7)
-
-
Ringold Formation (1)
-
Tesuque Formation (2)
-
upper Neogene (3)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Absaroka Supergroup (1)
-
Bridger Formation (1)
-
Bridgerian (1)
-
Castle Hayne Limestone (1)
-
Green River Formation (5)
-
Lake Gosiute (2)
-
lower Eocene
-
Wasatchian (1)
-
Willwood Formation (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
-
Bartonian (1)
-
-
Ootsa Lake Group (1)
-
upper Eocene
-
Priabonian (1)
-
-
Wilkins Peak Member (2)
-
-
Hanna Formation (1)
-
Kenai Group (1)
-
Oligocene
-
Creede Formation (1)
-
Hemlock Conglomerate (1)
-
lower Oligocene
-
Rupelian (1)
-
-
middle Oligocene (1)
-
upper Oligocene
-
Chattian (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
Nacimiento Formation (1)
-
upper Paleocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
-
Renova Formation (1)
-
Tyonek Formation (1)
-
-
upper Tertiary (2)
-
-
upper Cenozoic (7)
-
Wildcat Group (1)
-
-
Central America
-
Belize
-
Maya Mountains (1)
-
-
Costa Rica
-
Nicoya Peninsula (1)
-
-
Honduras (1)
-
Panama
-
Darien (1)
-
-
-
chemical analysis (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Multituberculata (1)
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Hippopotamidae (1)
-
-
Perissodactyla
-
Ceratomorpha (1)
-
-
Primates
-
Hominidae
-
Australopithecinae
-
Australopithecus
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Leg 73
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Mesozoic
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Longarm Formation (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
volcaniclastics
Early Miocene to Pliocene magmatic and structural evolution of the Gulf of California margin in central Baja California (Mexico): The Mulegé–La Trinidad region, Baja California Sur Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT The volcanic stratigraphy of the central Gulf of California margin of the Baja California peninsula preserves a valuable record of the transition from subduction of the Farallon plate (24–12 Ma) to oblique rifting (<12 Ma). Although strike-slip faults (as well as normal faults) are common in oblique rifts and are abundant on the new (younger than 6 Ma) seafloor in the Gulf of California, none has been previously reported in the onshore central Baja California margin. This study focused on a previously unmapped region in the central Baja California margin near Mulegé, where we identified a strike-slip fault, termed the Potrero fault, and described the regional magmatic and structural context for this fault. We did this by using geologic mapping of volcanic-volcaniclastic lithofacies, supported by petrography, geochemistry, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. The Potrero fault is a vertical fault that strikes N10°W, with dextral-oblique (down-to-the-east) slip. This fault juxtaposes older rocks on the west with younger rocks on the east. The older rocks on the west side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Middle Comondú Group, which is early Miocene in age. They consist largely of a >800 m red bed sequence of coarse-grained andesitic volcanic debris-flow deposits (proximal facies) that transition westward into fluvial conglomerates and sandstones (distal facies). The proximal facies has interstratified coarse-grained trachyandesite block-and-ash-flow tuffs with a 40Ar/39Ar age of 18.72 ± 0.24 Ma. This section is cut by mafic- to intermediate-composition dikes, with lesser plugs, that have 40Ar/39Ar ages of 16.88 ± 0.30 Ma to 14.85 ± 0.05 Ma. This early Miocene assemblage is truncated by an angular unconformity and overlain by Pliocene high-Sr/Y trachyandesite lavas, with an 40Ar/39Ar age of 4.02 ± 0.04 Ma. The younger rocks on the east side of the Potrero fault are assigned to the Upper Comondú Group, which is middle to late Miocene in age. This unit is dominated by small lava shields, with diameters of 2–9 km and thicknesses up to 300 m. The lava shields have basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, andesite, high-Sr/Y trachyandesite, and dacite compositions, with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 13.39 ± 0.03 Ma to 10.74 ± 0.08 Ma (four samples). At two localities in the map area, the Upper Comondú Group lava shields rest in angular unconformity on the Middle Comondú Group red beds and dikes, and the eruptive equivalents of the dikes are missing along this unconformity. We correlated this unconformity with the unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group on the west side of the Potrero fault to estimate a vertical component of slip of at least 800 m down-to-the-east across the Potrero fault. The lateral component of slip is not known, because the regions to the north and south are unmapped, so piercing points cannot be identified. The Middle Comondú Group in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area forms part of a regionally extensive, early Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, that outcrops for a distance of 500 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. It thickens and coarsens eastward, through what is now the Concepción Peninsula, where it also contains early Miocene dikes and hypabyssal intrusions and is similarly capped by an angular unconformity, with eruptive equivalents of the dikes and intrusions missing along the unconformity. We propose that the laterally extensive Middle Comondú Group was deposited in a rift basin, bounded by a west-dipping normal fault system that lay to the east of what is now the Concepción Peninsula, in the present-day offshore Gulf of California. We infer that the thick, coarse-grained volcanic andesitic debris-flow deposits of the Middle Comondú Group were shed from large andesite arc stratovolcanoes (Comondú arc) that also lay to the east in the present-day Gulf of California. We interpret the volumetrically minor block-and-ash-flow tuffs, dikes, and hypabyssal intrusions of the Middle Comondú Group to record minor magmatism in a forearc position. We also suggest that the angular unconformity at the top of the Middle Comondú Group records thermal uplift that occurred as the arc axis swept westward (trenchward) into the region, at ca. 14 Ma, due to continued slab rollback that began in the Oligocene under western Mexico. The Upper Comondú Group lavas in the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form part of a Middle to Upper Miocene lithostratigraphic unit, hundreds of meters thick, which outcrops for a distance of 700 km along the central to southern Gulf of California margin. This unit consists largely of andesite and basaltic andesite lavas erupted from stratovolcanoes in the axis of the Comondú arc. The Upper Comondú Group lavas thicken dramatically eastward toward the Bahía Concepción fault, a down-to-the-west normal fault that bounds the Concepción Peninsula on its west side. We thus infer that this fault became active in middle Miocene time (14 Ma). This fault records westward encroachment of normal faulting concurrent with the westward sweep of the arc axis, from the Gulf of California into Baja California. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas that form the structurally highest part of the Mulegé–La Trinidad area form an erosional escarpment that does not extend to the Potrero fault, so the lavas cannot be used to determine whether the Potrero fault was active before, during, or after their eruption. The Pliocene high-Sr/Y basaltic trachyandesite lavas are a previously unidentified part of the regional postsubduction suite of “bajaites,” attributed to slab window magmatism.
REMOTE SENSING-BASED DISCRIMINATION OF HIGHLY FRACTIONATED GRANITE: AN APPLICATION FROM THE HUMR AKARIM AREA ( southeastern desert, Egypt ) Available to Purchase
The tectonostratigraphic evolution of a Miocene half-graben, Kerio Valley Basin, East African Rift of Kenya: analysis of a 3 km thick volcano-sedimentary succession Open Access
ORDOVICIAN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND VOLCANISM OF SALAIR Available to Purchase
Effusive volcanic microcosm of a regional ignimbrite flare-up: Prolonged life cycle of the Chaxas Complex, northern Chile, and its influence on modern volcanic arc character Available to Purchase
The characteristics of volcanic lithofacies and volcanic reservoirs in the Permian Jiamuhe formation, Southern Zhongguai rise, Junggar Basin, Northwest China Available to Purchase
Isochronous Miocene volcaniclastic horizon in the SW Tarim Basin: Composition, ages, origins, and implications for tephrochronology Available to Purchase
Detrital zircon provenance links between outcrop and subsurface, Rocas Verdes and Magallanes-Austral Basins, Patagonia Open Access
Timing and evolution of structures within the southeastern Greater Caucasus and Kura Fold-Thrust Belt from multiproxy sediment provenance records Open Access
Paleozoic subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean plate: constraints from Ordovician–Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary rocks in the northern Beishan orogenic collage, NW China Available to Purchase
Paleogene igneous activity: North Atlantic plume-related magmatism Available to Purchase
The architecture of basalt reservoirs in the North Atlantic Igneous Province with implications for basalt carbon sequestration Open Access
Abstract Offshore CO 2 sequestration in basaltic formations of the North Atlantic Igneous Province may allow permanent storage of large volumes of CO 2 through rapid carbonate mineralization. Characterizing the internal architecture of such reservoirs is key to assessing the storage potential. In this study, six photogrammetry models and three boreholes on the Faroe Islands have been used to characterize the internal lava sequence architectures as a direct analogue to potential offshore North Atlantic Igneous Province storage sites. The studied formations are dominated by c. 5 to 50 m thick simple and compound lava flows, with drill core observations documenting a transition from pāhoehoe moving towards ‘a’ā lava flow types interbedded with thin (<5 m thick) volcaniclastic rock units. The identification of flow margin breccias is potentially important as these units form excellent reservoirs in several other localities globally. Stacked, thick simple flows may present sealing units associated with dense flow interiors. Connected porous and permeable lava flow crusts present potential reservoirs; however, the degree of secondary mineralization and alteration can alter initially good reservoir units to impermeable barriers for fluid flow. Large-scale reservoir volumes may be present mainly within both vesicular, fractured pāhoehoe and brecciated flow margins of transitional simple lava flows.
Evaluating reservoir properties and seal capacities of volcaniclastic rocks for hydrocarbon containment and their application to CO 2 storage Available to Purchase
Abstract Volcaniclastic rocks are commonly overlooked as reservoirs or seals in hydrocarbon plays because their compositions are variably unstable and reactive during burial diagenesis. This study investigated the petrography and petrophysical characteristics of 60 volcaniclastic and four siliciclastic samples from three Paleogene volcanic provinces – East Greenland, Faroe Islands and Ethiopia. The volcaniclastic samples have highly variable helium porosities (average 25.2%), but negligible total optical porosities (average 1.9%), implying reduced reservoir potential. The samples have, however, highly variable air permeabilities (average 11 mD), suggesting that they could make tight reservoirs. The permeabilities are related to either early calcite cements or the devitrification of volcanic glass. Mercury injection capillary pressure data were collected for a subset of 33 samples that at leakage/breakthrough saturations could, under near-surface conditions, hold oil column heights of between 4 and 1181 m (average 240 m). The best seals consistently have zeolite contents of >20 vol% owing to their small pore throat radii. Conversely, the worst seals are dominated by smectite and a conspicuous absence of zeolite minerals. The zeolite-rich volcaniclastic rocks could, therefore, make good shallow seals. These features also apply to CO 2 storage, but questions remain about the reactivity of the volcanic material and secondary minerals with injected CO 2 , but also the adsorbent properties of zeolites, particularly clinoptilolite, in the presence of CO 2 .
Volcanic crustal structure of the western Hikurangi Plateau (New Zealand) from marine seismic reflection imaging Open Access
Evolving Permian magmatism associated with arc migration in the southern Beishan Orogenic Collage, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NW China Available to Purchase
Abstract The Beishan Orogen contains the youngest suture in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and is vital to understanding its terminal collision history and closure of the last vestiges of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. Multidisciplinary evidence is provided for a close temporal and spatial linkage between the Liuyuan Complex back-arc ophiolite and the Ganquan Complex arc rocks. The Ganquan Complex mainly comprises felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks and is divided into a lower and upper sequence, both of which exhibit arc-like geochemical signatures and have magmatic zircons characterized by mantle-like δ 18 O values. Their U–Pb zircon ages range between 295 and 286 Ma and between 283 and 281 Ma, with corresponding ε Hf values varying from −4.2 to +1.9 and from +1.3 to +7.6, respectively, indicating a more juvenile magma source over time. The increase of juvenile isotopic signatures in the Ganquan Complex rocks is attributed to arc-trench migration, which progressively removed the arc from influences of an old arc basement contaminant and led to back-arc spreading and formation of the Liuyuan ophiolite. Cessation of the multi-phase Ganquan arc system at c. 280 Ma coincided with the accretion of the continental Baidunzi Complex in the south.