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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Cameroon (1)
-
-
-
Altiplano (2)
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Jameson Land (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Bezymyannyy (1)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (2)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
Uzon (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Amanos Mountains (1)
-
Anatolia (1)
-
East Anatolian Fault (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Guinea (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Queensland Australia
-
Charters Towers Australia (1)
-
-
South Australia
-
Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Auckland volcanic field (1)
-
Hawke's Bay New Zealand (1)
-
Okataina volcanic centre (4)
-
Rotorua New Zealand (2)
-
Taranaki New Zealand (1)
-
Tarawera volcanic complex (1)
-
Taupo (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (5)
-
-
-
Black Mountains (1)
-
Cameroon Line (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Noranda Quebec (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
Cascade Range (6)
-
Cascadia subduction zone (1)
-
Central America
-
Nicaragua (1)
-
-
Coast Ranges (1)
-
Colorado River (1)
-
Colorado River basin (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Caucasus
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
-
Russian Federation
-
Kabardin-Balkar Russian Federation (1)
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Bezymyannyy (1)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (2)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
Uzon (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
-
-
Copper Canyon (1)
-
Death Valley (1)
-
Europe
-
Caucasus
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia
-
Prague Basin (1)
-
-
-
Germany
-
Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
-
Kaiserstuhl (1)
-
-
-
-
Kabardin-Balkar Russian Federation (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Bay of Naples (1)
-
Naples Italy
-
Ischia (1)
-
-
Phlegraean Fields (1)
-
-
Latium Italy (2)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Mount Etna (1)
-
Ustica Island (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Scandinavia
-
Sweden
-
Norrbotten Sweden
-
Kiruna Sweden (1)
-
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Argyllshire Scotland
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Kerguelen Plateau (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean (1)
-
West Mediterranean
-
Tyrrhenian Sea (2)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
-
Chihuahua Mexico (2)
-
Guanajuato Mexico (1)
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (3)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
-
-
Mount Adams (1)
-
North America
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Superior Province
-
Abitibi Belt (2)
-
Wabigoon Belt (1)
-
-
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
North American Craton (1)
-
-
North Island (6)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gulf of California (1)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Kermadec Trench (2)
-
-
-
Puna (1)
-
San Andreas Fault (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Central Andes (3)
-
Southern Andes (1)
-
-
Argentina
-
Salta Argentina (1)
-
Santa Cruz Argentina (1)
-
-
Bolivia (1)
-
Chile (5)
-
Patagonia (1)
-
Peru
-
Puno Peru (1)
-
-
-
Sturgeon Lake (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands
-
Shishaldin (1)
-
-
-
Arizona
-
Mohave County Arizona (1)
-
-
California
-
Central California (1)
-
Inyo County California (1)
-
Lassen Volcanic National Park (2)
-
Mono County California (1)
-
San Bernardino County California
-
Cima volcanic field (1)
-
-
San Francisco Bay region (2)
-
Shasta County California
-
Lassen Peak (1)
-
-
Southern California (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Mineral County Colorado
-
Creede mining district (1)
-
-
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Columbia Plateau (1)
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Idaho
-
Owyhee County Idaho (1)
-
-
Nevada
-
Clark County Nevada (1)
-
Nevada Test Site (1)
-
Nye County Nevada
-
Yucca Mountain (1)
-
-
Washoe County Nevada (1)
-
-
New Mexico
-
Animas Mountains (1)
-
Bernalillo County New Mexico (1)
-
Datil-Mogollon volcanic field (1)
-
Hidalgo County New Mexico (1)
-
Taos County New Mexico
-
Questa Caldera (1)
-
-
Valencia County New Mexico (1)
-
Valles Caldera (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Clackamas County Oregon (1)
-
Harney County Oregon (1)
-
Lake County Oregon (1)
-
Multnomah County Oregon
-
Portland Oregon (1)
-
-
-
Owyhee Mountains (1)
-
Utah
-
Garfield County Utah (1)
-
Iron County Utah (1)
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Piute County Utah (1)
-
Washington County Utah (1)
-
-
Washington
-
Clark County Washington
-
Vancouver Washington (1)
-
-
King County Washington (1)
-
Kittitas County Washington (1)
-
Lewis County Washington (1)
-
Pierce County Washington (1)
-
Whatcom County Washington (1)
-
Yakima County Washington (2)
-
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
-
commodities
-
brines (1)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
metal ores
-
base metals (2)
-
copper ores (5)
-
gold ores (3)
-
iron ores (4)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
silver ores (1)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (8)
-
mineral exploration (7)
-
petroleum (1)
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (1)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (12)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (1)
-
Cl-36 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
D/H (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium (1)
-
uranium (1)
-
-
alkali metals
-
lithium (1)
-
potassium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
radium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (10)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (2)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (5)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
-
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (1)
-
-
palladium (1)
-
platinum (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (2)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
-
-
zirconium (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
helium (2)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-17/O-16 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (5)
-
-
phosphorus (2)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Brachiopoda (1)
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (11)
-
exposure age (1)
-
He/He (1)
-
K/Ar (5)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
tephrochronology (3)
-
Th/U (1)
-
U/Pb (3)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (2)
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary (4)
-
-
Tertiary
-
middle Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Ellensburg Formation (1)
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
upper Miocene (2)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Upper Jurassic (1)
-
-
Triassic (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (3)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
-
granites
-
monzogranite (1)
-
-
lamproite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (13)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
flood basalts (3)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
-
basanite (2)
-
dacites (3)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
nephelinite (2)
-
phonolites (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (8)
-
pumice (3)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
scoria (2)
-
tuff (8)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (1)
-
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metasomatic rocks
-
skarn (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
-
-
minerals
-
borates
-
ludwigite (1)
-
vonsenite (1)
-
-
carbonates
-
calcite (2)
-
spurrite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
iron oxides (2)
-
magnetite (2)
-
perovskite (1)
-
titanomagnetite (2)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (2)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
danburite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
plagioclase (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (2)
-
-
sodalite group
-
hauyne (1)
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
mesolite (1)
-
natrolite (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
datolite group
-
gadolinite (1)
-
-
larnite (1)
-
olivine group
-
olivine (2)
-
-
spurrite (1)
-
stillwellite (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (2)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
tourmaline group (1)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
illite (1)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (18)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Kenya
-
Kenya Rift valley (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Cameroon (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Jameson Land (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Kamchatka Russian Federation
-
Kamchatka Peninsula
-
Bezymyannyy (1)
-
Klyuchevskaya Sopka (2)
-
Tolbachik (1)
-
Uzon (1)
-
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Elburz (1)
-
-
Turkey
-
Amanos Mountains (1)
-
Anatolia (1)
-
East Anatolian Fault (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Gulf of Guinea (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Queensland Australia
-
Charters Towers Australia (1)
-
-
South Australia
-
Olympic Dam Deposit (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Auckland volcanic field (1)
-
Hawke's Bay New Zealand (1)
-
Okataina volcanic centre (4)
-
Rotorua New Zealand (2)
-
Taranaki New Zealand (1)
-
Tarawera volcanic complex (1)
-
Taupo (1)
-
Taupo volcanic zone (5)
-
-
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Cochrane District Ontario
-
Timmins Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Quebec
-
Noranda Quebec (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (1)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-14 (1)
-
-
catalogs (1)
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (2)
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
upper Quaternary (4)
-
-
Tertiary
-
middle Tertiary (2)
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
Ellensburg Formation (1)
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
middle Miocene (2)
-
Peach Springs Tuff (1)
-
upper Miocene (2)
-
-
Pliocene
-
lower Pliocene (2)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Central America
-
Nicaragua (1)
-
-
crust (18)
-
crystal chemistry (3)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
crystal structure (2)
-
data processing (2)
-
deformation (3)
-
diagenesis (1)
-
earthquakes (3)
-
Europe
-
Caucasus
-
Northern Caucasus (1)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia
-
Prague Basin (1)
-
-
-
Germany
-
Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
-
Kaiserstuhl (1)
-
-
-
-
Kabardin-Balkar Russian Federation (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Bay of Naples (1)
-
Naples Italy
-
Ischia (1)
-
-
Phlegraean Fields (1)
-
-
Latium Italy (2)
-
Sicily Italy
-
Mount Etna (1)
-
Ustica Island (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
Scandinavia
-
Sweden
-
Norrbotten Sweden
-
Kiruna Sweden (1)
-
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Argyllshire Scotland
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
Mull Island (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (13)
-
folds (2)
-
foliation (1)
-
fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (21)
-
geochronology (3)
-
geomorphology (6)
-
geophysical methods (5)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
ground water (1)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
-
granites
-
monzogranite (1)
-
-
lamproite (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (13)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
flood basalts (3)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
shoshonite (1)
-
-
basanite (2)
-
dacites (3)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
nephelinite (2)
-
phonolites (2)
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (8)
-
pumice (3)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
scoria (2)
-
tuff (8)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites
-
comendite (1)
-
-
trachyandesites (2)
-
trachytes (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (1)
-
-
intrusions (11)
-
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Pyroclastic deposits of Ubehebe Crater, Death Valley, California, USA: Ballistics, pyroclastic surges, and dry granular flows
Transport of mafic magma through the crust and sedimentary basins: Jameson Land, East Greenland
Introduction to volcanism in Antarctica: 200 million years of subduction, rifting and continental break-up
Chapter 5.5 Gaussberg: volcanology and petrology
Abstract Gaussberg is a nunatak composed of lamproite pillow lava situated on the coast of East Antarctica. It is the most isolated Quaternary volcanic centre in Antarctica but it is important palaeoenvironmentally and petrologically out of all proportion to its small size. The edifice has a likely low, shield-like, morphology c. 1200 m high and possibly up to 10 km wide, which is unusually large for a lamproite construct. Gaussberg was erupted subglacially at 56 ± 5 ka, which places it late in the last glacial, close to the peak of marine isotope stage 3. The coeval ice sheet was c. 1300 m thick, and c. 420 m has been removed from the ice surface since Gaussberg erupted. Lamproite is a rare ultrapotassic mantle-derived magma, and Gaussberg is one of two type examples worldwide. Although traditionally considered as related in some way to the Kerguelen plume, it is more likely that the Gaussberg magma is a product of a separate magmatic event. It is ascribed to the storage and long-term (Gy) isolation of sediment emplaced by subduction in the Transition Zone of the deep mantle, followed by entrainment and subsequent melting in a plume.
An Awakening Magmatic System beneath the Udina Volcanic Complex (Kamchatka): Evidence from Seismic Unrest of 2017–2019
Structure of the Upper Crust beneath the Klyuchevskoy Group of Volcanoes Revealed from Ambient Noise Tomography
Age and mantle sources of Quaternary basalts associated with “leaky” transform faults of the migrating Anatolia-Arabia-Africa triple junction
Triple Oxygen ( δ 18 O, Δ 17 O), Hydrogen ( δ 2 H), and Iron ( δ 56 Fe) Stable Isotope Signatures Indicate a Silicate Magma Source and Magmatic-Hydrothermal Genesis for Magnetite Orebodies at El Laco, Chile
The Geochemistry of Magnetite and Apatite from the El Laco Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposit, Chile: Implications for Ore Genesis
Mapping geological events in submerged areas
Zeolite-group minerals in phonolite-hosted deposits of the Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex, Germany
Eruption triggering by partial crystallization of mafic enclaves at Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California
Upper Jurassic travertine at El Macanudo, Argentine Patagonia: a fossil geothermal field modified by hydrothermal silicification and acid overprinting
Geochemistry, petrologic evolution, and ore deposits of the Miocene Bodie Hills Volcanic Field, California and Nevada
Hafnium, oxygen, neodymium, strontium, and lead isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution of the supereruptive southern Black Mountains volcanic center, Arizona, U.S.A.: A combined LASS zircon–whole-rock study
The Lassen hydrothermal system
Formation of rhyolite at the Okataina Volcanic Complex, New Zealand: New insights from analysis of quartz clusters in plutonic lithics
Mantle heterogeneity controls on small-volume basaltic volcanism
Geochemistry in prospectivity modelling: investigating gold mineralization in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
Multiple styles and scales of lithospheric foundering beneath the Puna Plateau, central Andes
Lithospheric foundering or delamination has been long recognized as an important process in the formation of the Andes, but the scale, timing, and surface uplift consequences remain controversial. We use recently completed ambient noise tomography and finite-frequency P-wave tomography results and other geologic and geophysical information to identify two ~200-km-diameter regions of piecemeal delamination in the Puna region between 21°S and 27°S. One location in the northern Puna Plateau is centered under the 11–1 Ma large-volume silicic Altiplano-Puna volcanic center, and the other in the southern Puna Plateau is centered approximately between the Arizaro Basin and 6–2 Ma Cerro Galan volcanic field. The foundering in the northern location has progressed to the point where the main thermal anomaly resides in the middle and upper crust, and the surface volcanic flare-up and mantle thermal anomalies are both in a waning stage. In the southern location, the main thermal anomaly is still in its waxing stage in the lower crust and upper mantle, and the foundering mantle material is imaged in the mantle wedge. The differing patterns of back-arc volcanism in the two foundering centers suggest different styles and timing of delamination, with the foundering process coming to completion earlier in the north than in the south. Based on plate-motion reconstructions, the NE-SW–aligned Juan Fernandez Ridge swept southward through this area starting about ca. 14 Ma in the north and ca. 10 Ma in the south. Although we do not think the passage of the Juan Fernandez Ridge initiated foundering, it played an important role in facilitating delamination by increasing interplate coupling, and weakening and perhaps hydrating the upper plate, and its passage allowed the delaminated material to sink into the expanding space of the mantle wedge. Another important factor in this evolution is the upper-plate lithospheric strength variations inherited from the different geologic basements underlying the northern and southern Puna regions. As the larger-scale delamination progressed, leaving behind thin lithosphere and a mantle wedge with a mixture of continental lithospheric fragments and hot asthenosphere, smaller secondary Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities occurred beneath the southern Puna Plateau, influencing basin development, and subsequent melting of this “drip” material was the source of the ensuing low-volume mafic volcanism.