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Vanuatu
Abstract The San Juan–southern Gulf Islands Archipelago of Washington State, USA and western Canada is located on the upper plate of the Cascadia subduction zone, in the forearc between the trench and volcanic arc. Onland and island investigations show many faults within the region that primarily represent old, inactive faults associated with transport, subduction and accretion of tectonostratigraphic terranes. However, until recently little geologic investigation and mapping have been done in the offshore. From these narrow straits, channels and sounds we have collected and interpreted high-resolution multibeam echosounder bathymetric data, 3.5 kHz sub-bottom and Huntec seismic-reflection profiles, and piston-cores to identify and date recently active faults. Previous studies by us focused on the earlier recognized active Devils Mountain fault zone that bounds the southern part of the Archipelago and the recently reported newly mapped active Skipjack Island fault zone that bounds the northern part. These transcurrent fault zones appear to be deforming and rotating the Archipelago. We concentrate on the unique deformation occurring within the seaways to determine the relationship and styles of faulting associated with these active bounding fault zones and relate the fault geometry and kinematics to one other subduction complex, the New Hebrides island arc of Vanuatu.
Waveform Features Strongly Control Subcrater Classification Performance for a Large, Labeled Volcano Infrasound Dataset
Tracking subducted ridges through intermediate-depth seismicity in the Vanuatu subduction zone
Crystallization of platinum-group minerals from silicate melts: Evidence from Cr-spinel–hosted inclusions in volcanic rocks
Constraints on Water Depth of Massive Sulfide Formation: Evidence from Modern Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems in Arc-Related Settings
Remnants of ancient Australia in Vanuatu: Implications for crustal evolution in island arcs and tectonic development of the southwest Pacific
An Automatic Kurtosis‐Based P ‐ and S ‐Phase Picker Designed for Local Seismic Networks
Multidecadal rainfall variability in South Pacific Convergence Zone as revealed by stalagmite geochemistry
Shallow‐Focus Repeating Earthquakes in the Tonga–Kermadec–Vanuatu Subduction Zones
From basalts to boninites: The geodynamics of volcanic expression during induced subduction initiation
Upper plate tectonic stress state may influence interseismic coupling on subduction megathrusts
When slabs collide: A tectonic assessment of deep earthquakes in the Tonga-Vanuatu region
L – Goldschmidt Abstracts 2011
Pb-isotopic evidence for rapid trench-parallel mantle flow beneath Vanuatu
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Model for Vanuatu
Cavascope: The Broadband Seismological Network of the New Hebrides Subduction Zone and Its Associated Data Base
Carbonate-platform facies in volcanic-arc settings: Characteristics and controls on deposition and stratigraphic development
Shallow-marine carbonate facies from volcanic-arc settings provide an important, but commonly overlooked, record of relative sea-level change, differential subsidence-uplift, paleoclimate trends, and other environmental changes. Carbonate strata are thin where volcanic eruptions are frequent and voluminous, unless shallow, bathy-metric highs persist for long periods of time and volcaniclastic sediment and erupted materials are trapped in adjacent depocenters. Carbonate platforms and reefs can attain significant thickness, however, if subsidence continues after volcanic activity ceases or the volcanic front migrates. The areal extent of shallow-marine carbonate sedimentation is likewise affected by differential tectonic subsidence, although carbonate platforms are most laterally extensive during transgressive to highstand conditions and when arc depocenters are filled with sediment. Tectonic controls on shallow-marine carbonate sedimentation in arc depocenters include (1) coseismic fault displacements and associated surface deformation; (2) long-wavelength tectonic subsidence related to dynamic mantle flow, flexure, lithospheric thinning, and thermal subsidence; and (3) large-scale plate deformation related to local conditions of subduction. Depositional controls on carbonate sedimentation in arc depocenters include (1) the frequency, volume, and style of volcanic eruptions; (2) accumulation rates for siliciclastic-volcaniclastic sediment; (3) the frequency, volume, and dispersal paths of erupted material; (4) (paleo)wind direction, which influences both carbonate facies development directly and indirectly by controlling the dispersal of volcanic ash and other pyroclastic sediment, which can bury carbonate-producing organisms; (5) the frequency and intensity of tsunami events; and (6) volcanically or seismically triggered mass-wasting events, which can erode or bury carbonate strata. Regarding platform morphologies in arc-related settings, (1) fringing reefs or barrier reef systems with lagoons may develop around volcanic edifices throughout the long-term evolution of volcanic arcs; (2) local reefs and mounds may build on intrabasinal, fault-bounded highs within underfilled forearc, intra-arc, and backarc basins; (3) isolated platforms with variable platform margin-to-basin transitions are common in “underfilled” and tectonically active depocenters; and (4) broad ramps and rimmed carbonate shelves are typically found in tectonically mature and sediment-filled depocenters.