- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Nigeria (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Jiangsu China
-
Taihu Lake (1)
-
-
Yangtze Delta (1)
-
-
Japan (1)
-
Thailand (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Gujarat India
-
Kutch India (1)
-
-
Karnataka India (1)
-
Kerala India (1)
-
Kolar India (1)
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Kashmir (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea (1)
-
Israel (1)
-
Jordan (2)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
Konya Turkey (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Victoria Australia (1)
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Hastings County Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
El Salvador (1)
-
Guatemala (1)
-
Honduras (1)
-
Panama (1)
-
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Russian Federation
-
Lake Onega (1)
-
Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation
-
Saint Petersburg Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Rostov Russian Federation (1)
-
Voronezh Russian Federation
-
Voronezh Anteclise (1)
-
-
-
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
-
Kaiserstuhl (1)
-
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Kelheim Germany (1)
-
Solnhofen Germany (1)
-
-
Saxony Germany
-
Chemnitz Germany (1)
-
Dresden Germany (1)
-
Leipzig Germany (1)
-
-
-
Hungary (1)
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Switzerland (1)
-
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Lake Onega (1)
-
Lapland (1)
-
Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation
-
Saint Petersburg Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Rostov Russian Federation (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Galicia Spain (1)
-
Iberian Mountains (1)
-
Madrid Basin (1)
-
Madrid Spain (1)
-
Sierra de Guadarrama (2)
-
-
Spanish Central System (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy (1)
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
-
Ravenna Italy (1)
-
-
Latium Italy
-
Alban Hills (1)
-
Rome Italy (1)
-
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
-
Trentino (1)
-
Trento Italy (1)
-
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Grosseto Italy (1)
-
-
-
Serbia (1)
-
-
Voronezh Russian Federation
-
Voronezh Anteclise (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium (1)
-
France
-
Aisne France (1)
-
Isere France
-
Grenoble France (1)
-
-
Marne France (1)
-
Paris Basin (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
Finland
-
North Karelia Finland
-
Outokumpu Finland (1)
-
-
-
Norway (1)
-
Sweden (2)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland (1)
-
Wales
-
South Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Imperial Valley (1)
-
Melville Island (1)
-
Mexico (1)
-
Midland Valley (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
-
Lake Superior region (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Uinta Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
-
Pacific Ocean (1)
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
South America
-
Argentina (1)
-
Bolivia (1)
-
Brazil (2)
-
Chile (1)
-
Colombia (1)
-
Ecuador (1)
-
Peru (1)
-
Venezuela (1)
-
-
Swan Hills (1)
-
United States
-
Alabama (1)
-
Alaska (1)
-
California
-
The Geysers (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Lake County Colorado
-
Leadville mining district (1)
-
-
-
District of Columbia (1)
-
High Plains Aquifer (1)
-
Maryland
-
Baltimore County Maryland (1)
-
-
Michigan
-
Michigan Lower Peninsula
-
Wayne County Michigan (1)
-
-
Michigan Upper Peninsula (1)
-
-
Nevada (1)
-
New York (1)
-
Ohio
-
Erie County Ohio (1)
-
Lorain County Ohio (1)
-
Sandusky County Ohio (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Crook County Oregon (1)
-
Hood River County Oregon (1)
-
Klamath County Oregon (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Uinta Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Salt Lake County Utah (1)
-
-
West Virginia (3)
-
-
-
commodities
-
abrasives (1)
-
aggregate (3)
-
asbestos deposits (1)
-
bauxite deposits (1)
-
bentonite deposits (1)
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
ceramic materials (10)
-
clay deposits (5)
-
coal deposits (6)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (19)
-
cement materials (1)
-
crushed stone (1)
-
dimension stone (7)
-
-
energy sources (4)
-
feldspar deposits (1)
-
gems (1)
-
geothermal energy (9)
-
granite deposits (3)
-
gravel deposits (1)
-
industrial minerals (5)
-
kaolin deposits (4)
-
limestone deposits (2)
-
marble deposits (1)
-
metal ores
-
aluminum ores (2)
-
base metals (1)
-
cobalt ores (1)
-
copper ores (1)
-
gold ores (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
rare earth deposits (2)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineral resources (5)
-
new energy sources (1)
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
ornamental materials (9)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (2)
-
-
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
pumice deposits (1)
-
refractory materials (2)
-
salt deposits (1)
-
soapstone (1)
-
water resources (7)
-
zeolite deposits (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
halogens
-
fluorine
-
fluoride ion (1)
-
-
-
isotope ratios (1)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes (1)
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
He-3 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (2)
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
lithium (1)
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
chromium (1)
-
iron (1)
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
-
-
nonmetals (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
sulfur (1)
-
trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
thallophytes (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Bronze Age (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Middle Ages (2)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (2)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
Stone Age (1)
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Browns Park Formation (1)
-
Miocene (2)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Newer Volcanics (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Berriasian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Solnhofen Limestone (1)
-
Upper Jurassic (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Swan Hills Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
Wabamun Group (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Upper Silurian
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Huronian (1)
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites
-
leucogranite (1)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
-
ultramafics (1)
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts (1)
-
glasses (1)
-
komatiite (1)
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (4)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
hornfels (1)
-
marbles (3)
-
quartzites (1)
-
slates (2)
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
hydrotalcite (1)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
bastnaesite (1)
-
-
-
minerals (4)
-
organic minerals
-
ozocerite (1)
-
-
oxides
-
aluminum oxides (1)
-
hydroxides (1)
-
iron oxides (1)
-
spinel (2)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (1)
-
brushite (1)
-
chlorapatite (1)
-
fluorapatite (1)
-
hydroxylapatite (2)
-
monazite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
asbestos (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group (1)
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
cristobalite (1)
-
quartz (1)
-
-
sodalite group
-
hauyne (1)
-
sodalite (1)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
chabazite (1)
-
clinoptilolite (1)
-
ferrierite (1)
-
mesolite (1)
-
natrolite (1)
-
phillipsite (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
mullite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
halloysite (5)
-
kaolinite (11)
-
montmorillonite (4)
-
smectite (2)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
illite (7)
-
mica group
-
glauconite (1)
-
muscovite (1)
-
-
palygorskite (1)
-
sepiolite (1)
-
serpentine group (1)
-
talc (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
gypsum (1)
-
-
sulfides (1)
-
-
Primary terms
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Cameroon (1)
-
Nigeria (1)
-
-
-
asbestos deposits (1)
-
Asia
-
Far East
-
China
-
Jiangsu China
-
Taihu Lake (1)
-
-
Yangtze Delta (1)
-
-
Japan (1)
-
Thailand (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Gujarat India
-
Kutch India (1)
-
-
Karnataka India (1)
-
Kerala India (1)
-
Kolar India (1)
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Kashmir (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea (1)
-
Israel (1)
-
Jordan (2)
-
Turkey
-
Anatolia (1)
-
Konya Turkey (1)
-
-
-
-
asteroids (1)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Victoria Australia (1)
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
-
bauxite deposits (1)
-
bentonite deposits (1)
-
bibliography (1)
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Hastings County Ontario (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (1)
-
Northwest Territories (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Bronze Age (1)
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
Middle Ages (2)
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (2)
-
-
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (1)
-
-
-
-
Stone Age (1)
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Browns Park Formation (1)
-
Miocene (2)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Oligocene (2)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic
-
Newer Volcanics (1)
-
-
-
Central America
-
Costa Rica (1)
-
El Salvador (1)
-
Guatemala (1)
-
Honduras (1)
-
Panama (1)
-
-
ceramic materials (10)
-
clay deposits (5)
-
clay mineralogy (9)
-
climate change (2)
-
coal deposits (6)
-
conservation (9)
-
construction materials
-
building stone (19)
-
cement materials (1)
-
crushed stone (1)
-
dimension stone (7)
-
-
crystal chemistry (5)
-
crystal structure (3)
-
data processing (4)
-
diagenesis (2)
-
earthquakes (1)
-
economic geology (20)
-
energy sources (4)
-
engineering geology (3)
-
environmental geology (2)
-
Europe
-
Alps (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
-
Kaiserstuhl (1)
-
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Kelheim Germany (1)
-
Solnhofen Germany (1)
-
-
Saxony Germany
-
Chemnitz Germany (1)
-
Dresden Germany (1)
-
Leipzig Germany (1)
-
-
-
Hungary (1)
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Switzerland (1)
-
-
Donets Basin (1)
-
Lake Onega (1)
-
Lapland (1)
-
Leningrad Oblast Russian Federation
-
Saint Petersburg Russian Federation (1)
-
-
Rostov Russian Federation (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece (1)
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Galicia Spain (1)
-
Iberian Mountains (1)
-
Madrid Basin (1)
-
Madrid Spain (1)
-
Sierra de Guadarrama (2)
-
-
Spanish Central System (1)
-
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy (1)
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
-
Ravenna Italy (1)
-
-
Latium Italy
-
Alban Hills (1)
-
Rome Italy (1)
-
-
Sardinia Italy (1)
-
Trentino-Alto Adige Italy
-
Trentino (1)
-
Trento Italy (1)
-
-
Tuscany Italy
-
Grosseto Italy (1)
-
-
-
Serbia (1)
-
-
Voronezh Russian Federation
-
Voronezh Anteclise (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium (1)
-
France
-
Aisne France (1)
-
Isere France
-
Grenoble France (1)
-
-
Marne France (1)
-
Paris Basin (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
Finland
-
North Karelia Finland
-
Outokumpu Finland (1)
-
-
-
Norway (1)
-
Sweden (2)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland (1)
-
Wales
-
South Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (1)
-
feldspar deposits (1)
-
foundations (2)
-
fractures (2)
-
gems (1)
-
geochemistry (7)
-
geochronology (1)
-
geology (2)
-
geomorphology (2)
-
geophysical methods (6)
-
geosynclines (1)
-
geothermal energy (9)
-
government agencies
-
survey organizations (2)
-
-
granite deposits (3)
-
gravel deposits (1)
-
ground water (7)
-
heat flow (1)
-
hydrology (2)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (1)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites
-
leucogranite (1)
-
rapakivi (1)
-
-
ultramafics (1)
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts (1)
-
glasses (1)
-
komatiite (1)
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
scoria (1)
-
tuff (4)
-
-
rhyodacites (1)
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
industrial minerals (5)
-
intrusions (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Mollusca
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
-
Protista
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes (1)
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
He-3 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
kaolin deposits (4)
-
land subsidence (1)
-
land use (2)
-
limestone deposits (2)
-
magmas (1)
-
maps (3)
-
marble deposits (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Berriasian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Solnhofen Limestone (1)
-
Upper Jurassic (1)
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic (1)
-
-
-
metal ores
-
aluminum ores (2)
-
base metals (1)
-
cobalt ores (1)
-
copper ores (1)
-
gold ores (1)
-
iron ores (1)
-
lead ores (1)
-
lithium ores (1)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
platinum ores (1)
-
polymetallic ores (1)
-
rare earth deposits (2)
-
uranium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium (2)
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
lithium (1)
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
arsenic (1)
-
chromium (1)
-
iron (1)
-
platinum group
-
platinum ores (1)
-
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
-
vanadium (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
hornfels (1)
-
marbles (3)
-
quartzites (1)
-
slates (2)
-
-
metasomatism (3)
-
Mexico (1)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
mineral resources (5)
-
mineralogy (1)
-
minerals (4)
-
mining geology (2)
-
Moon (1)
-
noble gases
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
-
-
nonmetal deposits (1)
-
nonmetals (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Central Appalachians (1)
-
-
Lake Superior region (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Uinta Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
Pacific Ocean (1)
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
paleontology (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Berea Sandstone (1)
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Swan Hills Formation (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
Wabamun Group (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Upper Silurian
-
Salina Group (1)
-
-
-
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (2)
-
-
-
phosphate deposits (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (1)
-
pollution (4)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Huronian (1)
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
pumice deposits (1)
-
reclamation (2)
-
remote sensing (1)
-
rock mechanics (3)
-
salt deposits (1)
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentary petrology (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
bauxite (1)
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (2)
-
limestone
-
biomicrite (1)
-
biosparite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (2)
-
mudstone (1)
-
sandstone (4)
-
shale (2)
-
-
coal
-
lignite (2)
-
-
oil shale (2)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (1)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (5)
-
dust (1)
-
flint clay (1)
-
kaolin (3)
-
mud (1)
-
sand (2)
-
silt (1)
-
-
-
seismology (1)
-
slope stability (1)
-
soil mechanics (1)
-
soils
-
Brown soils (1)
-
laterites (1)
-
-
South America
-
Argentina (1)
-
Bolivia (1)
-
Brazil (2)
-
Chile (1)
-
Colombia (1)
-
Ecuador (1)
-
Peru (1)
-
Venezuela (1)
-
-
springs (1)
-
stratigraphy (2)
-
sulfur (1)
-
symposia (1)
-
tectonics (1)
-
thallophytes (1)
-
thermal waters (4)
-
underground installations (2)
-
United States
-
Alabama (1)
-
Alaska (1)
-
California
-
The Geysers (1)
-
-
Colorado
-
Lake County Colorado
-
Leadville mining district (1)
-
-
-
District of Columbia (1)
-
High Plains Aquifer (1)
-
Maryland
-
Baltimore County Maryland (1)
-
-
Michigan
-
Michigan Lower Peninsula
-
Wayne County Michigan (1)
-
-
Michigan Upper Peninsula (1)
-
-
Nevada (1)
-
New York (1)
-
Ohio
-
Erie County Ohio (1)
-
Lorain County Ohio (1)
-
Sandusky County Ohio (1)
-
-
Oregon
-
Crook County Oregon (1)
-
Hood River County Oregon (1)
-
Klamath County Oregon (1)
-
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Uinta Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Salt Lake County Utah (1)
-
-
West Virginia (3)
-
-
waste disposal (7)
-
water resources (7)
-
weathering (4)
-
well-logging (1)
-
X-ray analysis (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
molasse (1)
-
pozzolan (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
bauxite (1)
-
carbonate rocks
-
dolostone (2)
-
limestone
-
biomicrite (1)
-
biosparite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
-
clastic rocks
-
bentonite (2)
-
mudstone (1)
-
sandstone (4)
-
shale (2)
-
-
coal
-
lignite (2)
-
-
oil shale (2)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
sedimentary structures
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (1)
-
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
clay (5)
-
dust (1)
-
flint clay (1)
-
kaolin (3)
-
mud (1)
-
sand (2)
-
silt (1)
-
-
-
-
soils
-
soils
-
Brown soils (1)
-
laterites (1)
-
-
utilization
GIS analysis for the selection of optimal sites for mine water geothermal energy application: a case study of Scotland's mining regions
Reservoir evaluation of dolomitized Devonian strata in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: implications for carbon capture, utilization, and storage
A mining industry overview of cobalt in Finland: exploration, deposits and utilization
Modelling and optimization of shallow underground thermal energy storage
Ceramics Properties of Indurated-Shale Quarry Wastes from Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria: Application as Raw Materials in Roofing-Tile Production
Potential Uses of Local Clay Materials for the Production of Porcelain Electrical Insulators, Ethiopia
Value Addition to Low-grade Coal Resources: A New Avenue for its Alternative Utilization
Sandstone-body geometry and hydrostratigraphy of the northern High Plains Aquifer system, USA
Silicate Glasses and Their Impact on Humanity
Battery and Energy Metals: Future Drivers of the Minerals Industry?
Groundwater Resource Scenario and Challenges in India
How the Geological Survey of Sweden contributes digital data for sustainable development
Abstract Changes in society coupled with more ambitious environmental goals increase the need to make the benefits of geological knowledge visible. The Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) is therefore evolving from its historical role as a ‘knowledge bank’ to become part of the integrated flow of public information. Three examples of the ongoing digital transformation, and how this will enable the SGU to contribute digital geological data for sustainable development, are: more automated data collection to monitor drinking water to be able to foresee water shortages; several new non-traditional marine projects, producing new information and recommendations for innovative measures to support Blue Growth, management and planning; an online virtual archive containing new data adding to our understanding of bedrock and mineral deposits, in turn leading to more efficient use of Sweden's mineral resources.
Feasibility study of collective heating and cooling based on foundation pile heat exchangers in Vejle (Denmark)
Victorian Bluestone: a proposed Global Heritage Stone Province from Australia
Abstract Victorian Bluestone is proposed as a Global Heritage Stone Province from Australia. Numerous heritage stones occur within this province and of these Malmsbury Bluestone is suggested as a Global Heritage Stone Resource. Bluestone, an iconic basalt dimension stone from Victoria, is used domestically and internationally with a recognized heritage value. Sources are located in urban and country areas of Victoria some of which are still utilized for dimension stone. In many instances bluestone has superior technical characteristics, including durability, that surpass high-quality commercial sandstones, despite an architectural preference for lighter-coloured stones. These characteristics are matched by the diversity of significant uses for domestic, commercial and infrastructure purposes especially in Victoria. Notable examples include the Spotswood Pumping Station, Malmsbury Viaduct, the Graving Dock (Williamstown), Malmsbury Reservoir, St Patrick's Cathedral (Melbourne), Kyneton Railway Station and Ararat Gaol. If the bluestone used in pavements and drains is also considered, Victorian Bluestone could be described as Australia's most prominent infrastructure heritage stone. Bluestone use in Melbourne dates from the 1840s, in the other states of Australia and in New Zealand from 1873, with international interest from Asia between 1860 and 1880. The stone continues to be utilized widely around Australia and is also exported.
Abstract Trentino Porphyry is an igneous rock composed of rhyolitic–rhyodacitic ignimbrites. It belongs to the Athesian Volcanic Group, a widespread calc-alkaline magmatic association of Lower Permian age (280–270 Ma) occurring in the Trentino-Alto Adige region, north Italy. Extraction and processing are currently carried out in Trento Province, particularly in the region of Cembra Valley and its surroundings. Initially introduced for road setts throughout Trentino and Südtirol, Trentino Porphyry has progressively become one of the most important materials for paving and facing in Europe and all over the world, where it is appreciated and renowned for its durability. It has successively acquired an unquestionable versatility of application, thanks to a rare mix of mineralogy and textural and structural features, combined with excellent technical properties. Given the role played by this stone in almost any aspect of the area – cultural, architectural, production and social – it is proposed for candidacy as a Global Heritage Stone Resource.
Cadalso de los Vidrios leucogranite ‘Blanco Cristal’: a widely used heritage stone from Spain
Abstract Cadalso de los Vidrios leucogranite is extracted from the Sierra de Guadarrama (Spanish Central System) under the trade name ‘Blanco Cristal’. It is a fine- to medium-grained, hypidiomorphic and equigranular building stone that has been used in many heritage buildings, such as the Villena Palace (1534). The current annual production of Cadalso de los Vidrios leucogranite is approximately 8000 m 3 , of which 40% is exported around the world. It has been used in places such as the Vieux-Port in Marseille (France), Cork International Airport (Ireland) and the Puri EXIM Bank of Jakarta (Indonesia) among others. It is currently being used in the construction of the iconic tower of Jesus Christ of the Sagrada Familia Basilica, in Barcelona (Spain). Cadalso de los Vidrios leucogranite Blanco Cristal has excellent petrophysical properties, a uniform colour and good resistance to thermal shock and freezing temperatures. These qualities make Blanco Cristal an ideal material for monuments and buildings.
Rapakivi granite in the architecture of St Petersburg: a potential Global Heritage Stone from Finland and Russia
Abstract Rapakivi granites were in use during the Middle Ages in Finland. Their most spectacular use, however, was for structures built in St Petersburg between 1760 and 1917. Remarkable examples are the majestic and slender Alexander Column and the 112 columns of St Isaac's Cathedral. All Rapakivi granite was extracted from the Wiborg Rapakivi granite batholith in several quarries around the municipality of Virolahti in SE Finland (old Russia). Today, the 1640 Ma-old Wiborg batholith is the most important area for natural stone production in Finland and in the Leningrad region, Russian Federation. The main quarried stone varieties of Rapakivi granite (Baltic Brown, Baltic Green, Carmen Red, Karelia Red, Eagle Red and Balmoral Red) are regularly produced in large quantities in Finland for the global stone market due to the stone's unique qualities. Examples of applications in Rapakivi granite from Finland can be found in the USA, China, South Africa, the UK, Italy, Austria, Ireland, Spain and Germany as well as in Scandinavia and Russia. There are also quarries near Vyborg, the Russian Federation: Vozrozhdenie and Ala-Noskua.
Abstract In Bavaria (Germany), between Solnhofen and Kelheim, numerous quarries allow utilization of a thinly plated Upper Jurassic limestone known in German as the Solnhofener Plattenkalk and in English as Solnhofen Limestone. Here limestone slabs have been quarried for centuries and it is not necessary to cut the limestone with a saw as it can be split conveniently into thin and even slabs or sheets which are used for floor tiles and wall cladding. Thick slabs of especially fine quality have been used for lithography. This later utilization began in the late eighteenth century with lithographic Solnhofen Limestone soon being marketed worldwide. The industry continues on a smaller scale today. Slabs are quarried by hand so as not to break them, accounting for their high price. Because of this ‘gentle’ quarrying method, fossils have also been found. Although rare, over time many Solnhofen fossil specimens have found their way into natural history museums throughout the world. Most noteworthy is the early bird Archaeopteryx . Given its utilitarian usage worldwide as a lithographic stone, and its sale for centuries as floor tiles, coupled with its being a source of unique fossils, Solnhofener Plattenkalk is recommended here as a Global Heritage Stone Resource.
Échaillon stone from France: a Global Heritage Stone Resource proposal
Abstract Échaillon stone, a Mesozoic platform limestone from SE France, is proposed as a Global Heritage Stone Resource. The Échaillon stone quarries are located at the western termination of the Alps, near the city of Grenoble. Stone from the main Échaillon quarries is an Upper Jurassic to Berriasian bioclastic near-reef limestone, renowned for its two characteristic white and pink colours. Two ancillary quarries nearby, the Lignet and Rovon quarries, provided the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian) Yellow Échaillon stone, of lagoonal origin. Échaillon stone's unique characteristics, resistance to weathering and high aesthetic values made it a prized building and ornamental material used in many significant historical buildings in Europe, North Africa and the USA. Although the first use of Échaillon stone in buildings dates from the Gallo-Roman period, the industrial use ranges from the mid-nineteenth century, during the heyday of the Beaux-Arts architecture period in France, to the mid-twentieth century. The reputation of Échaillon stone was bolstered by world-renowned architects, sculptors and artists who used it for historical building ornament and sculptures. By the turn of the twentieth century, production started to decline and it ceased by the middle of that century.
Abstract The appellation ‘Belgian black “marbles”’ usually designates dark fine-grained limestones present in the Paleozoic substrate of south Belgium. They have been extracted mostly in Frasnian (Upper Devonian) and Viséan (Lower Carboniferous) strata, in various different localities (Namur, Dinant, Theux, Basècles, Mazy-Golzinne among others). Nearly devoid of fossils and veins, they take a mirror-like polished finish, with a pure black colour. These limestones were already known during Antiquity but were only intensively exploited from the Middle Ages. Many different uses were made of these stones, for architecture, decoration or sculpture, in religious or civil contexts, following all the successive styles, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, baroque and so on. All these products, architectural, decorative and sculptural, were probably manufactured close to the quarries and were first exported to neighbouring countries (France and the Netherlands), then to all of Europe (Italy, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Baltic states, etc.) and, by the beginning of the nineteenth century, worldwide. They were always considered as high value-added objects, which allowed them to travel great distances from their origin. Thousands of references document the widespread use of these exceptional natural stones. They were employed, among other famous applications, as the black background of the Pietre dure marquetry of Florence. Some other lesser uses were either for musical instruments or lithographic stones. Today only one underground quarry exploits the black ‘marble’, at Golzinne (close to Namur). This prestigious material, with its dark aura, is suitable for recognition as a Global Heritage Stone Resource.