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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Antarctica
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Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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Ross Ice Shelf (1)
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metals
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Al-26 (5)
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oxygen
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Vertebrata
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Primates
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Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
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Mammuthus primigenius (1)
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Rodentia
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Invertebrata
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Insecta (2)
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Cnidaria
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Scleractinia
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Acropora
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Heterodonta
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Hiatella
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Hiatella arctica (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Globigerinacea
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Globorotaliidae
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Globorotalia
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Globorotalia menardii (1)
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microfossils (18)
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palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (2)
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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Coniferales
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geochronology methods
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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lower Holocene (3)
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Innuitian ice sheet (3)
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Mazama Ash (1)
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Illinoian (2)
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Lake Agassiz (2)
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Lake Chicago (1)
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Lake Maumee (1)
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Lake Missoula (4)
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Old Crow Tephra (1)
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Peoria Loess (5)
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Presumpscot Formation (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Lake Iroquois (2)
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Allerod (1)
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Bolling (1)
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Younger Dryas (3)
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Wisconsinan
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Lavery Till (1)
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middle Wisconsinan (3)
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upper Wisconsinan
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Fraser Glaciation (17)
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upper Quaternary
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Bull Lake Glaciation (1)
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Pinedale Glaciation (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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upper Pliocene (1)
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Paleogene
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White River Group (2)
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upper Tertiary (1)
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Lake Bonneville (1)
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Laurentide ice sheet (35)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Paleozoic
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Carboniferous
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Devonian
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Silurian
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Precambrian (1)
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igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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kimberlite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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pyroclastics
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metamorphic rocks
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turbidite (3)
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minerals
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oxides
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thorianite (1)
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silicates
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chain silicates
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (2)
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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zircon group
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sheet silicates
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mica group
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muscovite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
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absolute age (60)
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Antarctica
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Antarctic ice sheet (1)
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Ross Ice Shelf (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
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Beaufort Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
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Arctic Coastal Plain (2)
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Greenland (1)
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-
Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Caribbean Sea (1)
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Gulf of Mexico (2)
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Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1)
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Hudson Bay (1)
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Northwest Atlantic (2)
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Scotian Shelf (3)
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-
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atmosphere (1)
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bibliography (1)
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biogeography (6)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (9)
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Eastern Canada
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Baffin Island (2)
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Maritime Provinces
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New Brunswick (1)
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Nova Scotia
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Cumberland County Nova Scotia (1)
-
-
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (2)
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Newfoundland
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Port au Port Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
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Hastings County Ontario (1)
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Northumberland County Ontario (1)
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Oak Ridges Moraine (2)
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Perth County Ontario (1)
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Prince Edward County Ontario (1)
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Simcoe County Ontario (1)
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Timiskaming District Ontario (1)
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Wellington County Ontario
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-
-
Quebec
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-
-
Magdalen Islands (1)
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Manicouagan River (1)
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Matane County Quebec (1)
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Saint Lawrence Estuary (1)
-
-
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
Hudson Bay Lowlands (2)
-
Mackenzie Mountains (2)
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (2)
-
Ellesmere Island
-
Fosheim Peninsula (1)
-
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Amund Ringnes Island (2)
-
Ellef Ringnes Island (2)
-
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island
-
Fosheim Peninsula (1)
-
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Amund Ringnes Island (2)
-
Ellef Ringnes Island (2)
-
-
-
Torngat Mountains (2)
-
Ungava (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Buffalo Head Hills (1)
-
Edmonton Alberta (1)
-
-
British Columbia
-
Cariboo Mountains (1)
-
Saanich Inlet (1)
-
Vancouver Island
-
Victoria British Columbia (1)
-
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (3)
-
Manitoba
-
Thompson nickel belt (1)
-
-
Northwest Territories
-
Mackenzie Delta (2)
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Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula (2)
-
-
Saskatchewan
-
Saskatoon Saskatchewan (1)
-
-
Yukon Territory
-
Klondike (2)
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
C-14 (56)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Barbados (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Cordilleran ice sheet (11)
-
Holocene
-
lower Holocene (3)
-
-
Innuitian ice sheet (3)
-
Mazama Ash (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
Illinoian (2)
-
Lake Agassiz (2)
-
Lake Chicago (1)
-
Lake Maumee (1)
-
Lake Missoula (4)
-
Old Crow Tephra (1)
-
Peoria Loess (5)
-
Presumpscot Formation (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Lake Iroquois (2)
-
Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
-
Allerod (1)
-
Bolling (1)
-
Younger Dryas (3)
-
-
-
Wisconsinan
-
Lavery Till (1)
-
middle Wisconsinan (3)
-
upper Wisconsinan
-
Fraser Glaciation (17)
-
-
-
-
-
upper Quaternary
-
Bull Lake Glaciation (1)
-
Pinedale Glaciation (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Pliocene
-
upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
White River Group (2)
-
-
upper Tertiary (1)
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Tetrapoda
-
Mammalia
-
Theria
-
Eutheria
-
Artiodactyla
-
Ruminantia
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Bovidae (1)
-
-
-
Carnivora
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Fissipeda
-
Ursidae (1)
-
-
-
Primates
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Hominidae (1)
-
-
Proboscidea
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Elephantoidea
-
Elephantidae
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Mammuthus
-
Mammuthus primigenius (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Rodentia
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Sciuromorpha (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (4)
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climate change (5)
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continental shelf (6)
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deformation (1)
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diamond deposits (1)
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Earth (1)
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earthquakes (2)
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ecology (1)
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Europe
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Germany
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faults (4)
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geochemistry (4)
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geochronology (18)
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geodesy (1)
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geomorphology (24)
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geophysical methods (14)
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glacial geology (85)
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ground water (3)
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hydrology (2)
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ichnofossils (1)
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igneous rocks
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kimberlite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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pyroclastics
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pumice (2)
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-
-
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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upper Wisconsinan
Evidence for a late glacial advance near the beginning of the Younger Dryas in western New York State: An event postdating the record for local Laurentide ice sheet recession
Northward subglacial drainage during the Mackinaw Interstade in the Cayuga basin, central New York, USA
Quaternary Displacement on the Joiner Ridge Fault, Eastern Arkansas
A younger glacial Lake Iroquois in the Lake Ontario basin, Ontario and New York: re-examination of pollen stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating
Late Wisconsinan Cordilleran and Laurentide glaciation of the Peace River Valley east of the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia
Stratigraphic analysis of Late Wisconsin and Holocene glaciolacustrine deposits exposed along the Nottawasaga River, southern Ontario, Canada
Converging ice streams: a new paradigm for reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Ontario and deposition of the Oak Ridges Moraine
Geology of Seattle, a field trip
ABSTRACT Seattle’s geologic record begins with Eocene deposition of fluvial arkosic sandstone and associated volcanic rocks of the Puget Group, perhaps during a time of regional strike-slip faulting, followed by late Eocene and Oligocene marine deposition of the Blakeley Formation in the Cascadia forearc. Older Quaternary deposits are locally exposed. Most of the city is underlain by up to 100 m of glacial drift deposited during the Vashon stade of Fraser glaciation, 18–15 cal k.y. B.P. Vashon Drift includes lacustrine clay and silt of the Lawton Clay, lacustrine and fluvial sand of the Esperance Sand, and concrete-like Vashon till. Mappable till is absent over much of the area of the Vashon Drift. Peak local ice thickness was 900 m. Isostatic response to this brief ice loading was significant. Upon deglaciation, global ice-equivalent sea level was about −100 m and local RSL (relative sea level) was 15–20 m, suggesting a total isostatic depression of ~115–120 m at Seattle. Subsequent rapid rebound outstripped global sea-level rise to result in a newly recognized marine low-stand shoreline at −50 m. The Seattle fault is a north-verging thrust or reverse fault with ~7.5 km of throw. Conglomeratic Miocene strata may record initiation of shortening. Field relations indicate that fault geometry has evolved through three phases. At present, the north-verging master fault is blind, whereas several surface-rupturing faults above the master fault are south verging. The 900–930 A.D. Restoration Point earthquake raised a 5 km × 35 km (or larger) area as much as 7 m. The marine low-stand shoreline is offset by a similar amount, thus there has been only one such earthquake in the last ~11 k.y. Geomorphology is largely glacial: an outwash plain decorated with ice-molded flutes and large, anastomosing tunnel valleys carved by water flowing beneath the ice sheet. Euro-Americans initially settled here because of landscape features formed by uplift in the Restoration Point earthquake. But steep slopes and tide flats were not conducive to commerce: starting in the 1890s and ending in the 1920s, extensive regrading removed hills, decreased slopes, and filled low areas. In steep slopes the glacial stratigraphy is prone to landslides when saturated by unusually wet winters. Seismic hazards comprise moderately large (M 7) earthquakes in the Benioff zone 50 km and more beneath the city, demi-millennial M 9 events on the subduction zone to the west, and infrequent local crustal earthquakes (M 7) that are likely to be devastating because of their proximity. Seismic shaking and consequent liquefaction are of particular concern in Pioneer Square, SoDo, and lower Duwamish neighborhoods, which are largely built on unengineered fill that was placed over estuarine mud. Debris from past Mount Rainier lahars has reached the lower Duwamish valley and a future large lahar could pose a sedimentation hazard.
The pattern and style of deglaciation at the Late Wisconsinan Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheet limits in northeastern British Columbia
Latest Quaternary sedimentation in the northern Gulf of Mexico intraslope basin province: II — Stratigraphic analysis and relationship to glacioeustatic climate change
Late Wisconsin ice-flow history in the Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field, north-central Alberta
Lobal affinity of Late Wisconsin tills at St. Marys in southwestern Ontario, Canada
Late Wisconsinan helmeted muskoxen ( Bootherium bombifrons ) from southwestern Alberta, Canada
The Drift des Demoiselles on the Magdalen Islands (Québec, Canada): sedimentological and micromorphological evidence of a Late Wisconsinan glacial diamict
Appendix A. The Late Wisconsin age of mounds on the Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington
Single-grain 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of detrital muscovite from loess on Long Island, New York
Single-step, laser-fusion 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of single muscovite grains with an automated micro-extraction system is a precise and relatively rapid way of analyzing large numbers of grains. This study used >500 muscovite grains from a late Wisconsinan sandy loess from eastern Long Island, New York, in order to evaluate the potential of Ar-Ar ages of single grain muscovite as a provenance tool for loess. The samples for dating were from a 2.7 m core of sediments from a small kettle hole in Wildwood State Park on the north shore of Long Island. These eolian deposits consist of a bimodal distribution of poorly sorted medium silt and medium sand that are buff colored, homogeneous, and unstratified. Long Island is a good place to test this approach, because the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and K/Ar ages for muscovite in the potential bedrock sources to the north in New England vary systematically from ca. 450 Ma in the west to ca. 200 Ma in the east. The majority of muscovite ages in the loess range from 250 to 400 Ma, and muscovite age populations along the core show a change in proportion of muscovite input from the different provenances in New England. The results of this study confirm that using 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of a large number of single muscovite grains is a good method for examining the provenance of muscovite in loess, and thus understanding processes that produce loess.