- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Ceuta (1)
-
Morocco
-
Rif (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (3)
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
West Greenland (2)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (2)
-
-
Baikal region (1)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Central Kazakhstan (1)
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (33)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (2)
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (1)
-
Anhui China (3)
-
Dabie Mountains (44)
-
Donghai China (5)
-
Hubei China (1)
-
Jiangsu China
-
Xuzhou China (1)
-
-
Kunlun Fault (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
North China Platform (6)
-
Qaidam Basin (6)
-
Qilian Mountains (1)
-
Qinghai China (2)
-
Qinling Mountains (2)
-
Shandong China
-
Shandong Peninsula (1)
-
-
South China Block (2)
-
Sulu Terrane (47)
-
Tancheng-Lujiang Fault (2)
-
Tongbai Mountains (2)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Lhasa Block (2)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (5)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Chugoku (1)
-
-
Sambagawa Belt (3)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Sino-Korean Platform (5)
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Himalayas
-
High Himalayan Crystallines (1)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Hindu Kush (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (2)
-
-
Jharkhand India
-
Singhbhum India (1)
-
-
Uttar Pradesh India (1)
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (8)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
-
Nepal (1)
-
Pakistan
-
North-West Frontier Pakistan
-
Swat Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
-
Indus River (1)
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (6)
-
Karakoram (2)
-
Kyrgyzstan (1)
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Israel
-
Mount Carmel (1)
-
-
Turkey (1)
-
Zagros (1)
-
-
Qiangtang Terrane (2)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Aldan Shield (1)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (6)
-
Tien Shan (11)
-
West Siberia (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Mir Pipe (2)
-
Udachnaya Pipe (2)
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
Papua New Guinea (4)
-
-
Caledonides (19)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Algoma District Ontario
-
Wawa Ontario (2)
-
-
-
-
Stikinia Terrane (1)
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Cuba (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Guatemala
-
Motagua Fault (1)
-
-
-
Coast Ranges (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Kazakhstan
-
Central Kazakhstan (1)
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (33)
-
-
-
Kyrgyzstan (1)
-
Russian Federation
-
Baikal region (1)
-
Karelia Russian Federation (1)
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Maksyutov Complex (3)
-
Polar Urals (2)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Aldan Shield (1)
-
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Mir Pipe (2)
-
Udachnaya Pipe (2)
-
-
-
Urals
-
Polar Urals (2)
-
Southern Urals
-
Maksyutov Complex (3)
-
-
-
West Siberia (1)
-
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Lepontine Alps (1)
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Koralpe Range (1)
-
-
Piedmont Alps
-
Dora Maira Massif (18)
-
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
Western Alps
-
Cottian Alps
-
Dora Maira Massif (18)
-
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
Koralpe Range (1)
-
-
Bohemian Massif (13)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia (6)
-
Moravia (1)
-
-
Erzgebirge (15)
-
Germany
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Munchberg Gneiss Massif (1)
-
-
Eifel (1)
-
Saxonian Massif (1)
-
Saxony Germany (5)
-
-
Poland
-
Sowie Mountains (1)
-
-
Sudeten Mountains
-
Sowie Mountains (1)
-
-
Switzerland
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
Valais Switzerland
-
Zermatt Switzerland (3)
-
-
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
-
Karelia Russian Federation (1)
-
Rhenish Schiefergebirge
-
Eifel (1)
-
-
Snieznik (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Thrace
-
Rhodope Greece (2)
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Alpujarride Complex (1)
-
Malaga Spain (1)
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Betic Cordillera
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Phlegraean Fields (1)
-
-
Liguria Italy (2)
-
Lombardy Italy (1)
-
Piemonte Italy
-
Dora Maira Massif (18)
-
-
-
Rhodope Mountains (4)
-
Slovenia (3)
-
-
Tauern Window (2)
-
Thrace
-
Greek Thrace
-
Rhodope Greece (2)
-
-
-
Variscides (4)
-
Western Europe
-
Cottian Alps
-
Dora Maira Massif (18)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Koli Nappe (1)
-
Norway
-
Nord-Trondelag Norway (1)
-
Sogn (1)
-
Sor-Trondelag Norway (1)
-
Southern Norway (1)
-
Trondelag (1)
-
-
Sweden
-
Jamtland Sweden (2)
-
Vasterbotten Sweden (1)
-
-
Western Gneiss region (25)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Moine thrust zone (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Jack Hills (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mexico (3)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (2)
-
Superior Province (2)
-
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
-
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
New Caledonia
-
Ouegoa New Caledonia (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
Sierra Nevada (1)
-
South America
-
Andes (1)
-
Brazil
-
Borborema (1)
-
-
Chile (1)
-
-
Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone (2)
-
United States
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
California
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (1)
-
-
Northern California (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Connecticut
-
Tolland County Connecticut (1)
-
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Idaho (1)
-
Idaho Batholith (1)
-
Nevada (1)
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (1)
-
-
Pennsylvania
-
Fayette County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Utah (1)
-
Vermont (1)
-
Wisconsin
-
Pierce County Wisconsin (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
Woodlark Basin (2)
-
-
commodities
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
brines (1)
-
diamond deposits (6)
-
gems (1)
-
glass materials (2)
-
metal ores
-
gold ores (2)
-
iron ores (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (5)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (1)
-
-
-
ruby (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
-
chemical elements (2)
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
-
bromine (1)
-
chlorine
-
chloride ion (1)
-
-
fluorine (6)
-
iodine (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (28)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Hf-182 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Al-27 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Fe-57 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Si-29 (2)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
W-182 (1)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (1)
-
Lu/Hf (8)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
protactinium (1)
-
thorium (3)
-
uranium (2)
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
lithium (1)
-
potassium (6)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
sodium (5)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (4)
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (6)
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-27 (1)
-
-
antimony (1)
-
chromium (3)
-
copper (1)
-
germanium (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
Hf-182 (1)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Fe-57 (1)
-
ferric iron (8)
-
ferrous iron (4)
-
-
lead (3)
-
manganese (1)
-
nickel (1)
-
niobium (1)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (3)
-
rhodium (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
gadolinium (1)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
titanium (8)
-
tungsten
-
W-182 (1)
-
-
zirconium (8)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
-
phosphorus (3)
-
silicon
-
Si-29 (2)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata (1)
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (1)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (15)
-
fission-track dating (1)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
Lu/Hf (8)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Pb/Th (2)
-
Rb/Sr (5)
-
Sm/Nd (9)
-
Th/U (1)
-
thermochronology (7)
-
U/Pb (52)
-
U/Th/Pb (6)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene (2)
-
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (7)
-
Oligocene (2)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (4)
-
Upper Cretaceous (2)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (2)
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Laberge Group (2)
-
-
Upper Jurassic (1)
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
Upper Triassic (4)
-
-
-
Moldanubian (4)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (8)
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (4)
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
Gfohl Unit (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (6)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian (2)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (2)
-
Upper Silurian (2)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (6)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean
-
Jiaodong Group (1)
-
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (5)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (8)
-
-
-
-
Saxothuringian (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (3)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
kimberlite (8)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (3)
-
gabbros (4)
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
charnockite (1)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
lamprophyres (2)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (1)
-
-
pegmatite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (8)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (2)
-
garnet lherzolite (5)
-
garnet peridotite (16)
-
harzburgite (2)
-
lherzolite (4)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (6)
-
garnet pyroxenite (3)
-
websterite (3)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites (3)
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (4)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (2)
-
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (22)
-
pyrolite (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (5)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (116)
-
garnetite (2)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
banded gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (9)
-
paragneiss (6)
-
-
granulites (16)
-
impactites (1)
-
marbles (9)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (4)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metagranite (2)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
serpentinite (12)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (1)
-
metapelite (14)
-
paragneiss (6)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (12)
-
skarn (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (3)
-
migmatites (9)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
phyllites (1)
-
quartzites (10)
-
schists
-
blueschist (8)
-
greenschist (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (22)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
Northwest Africa Meteorites (2)
-
stony meteorites
-
acapulcoite (1)
-
achondrites (1)
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CR chondrites (1)
-
CV chondrites (1)
-
-
enstatite chondrites (1)
-
ordinary chondrites
-
L chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
cohenite (1)
-
moissanite (5)
-
-
nitrides (2)
-
phosphides
-
schreibersite (1)
-
-
silicides
-
ferrosilicon (1)
-
-
-
borates
-
kernite (1)
-
ludwigite (3)
-
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (10)
-
calcite (9)
-
dolomite (10)
-
magnesite (11)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
siderite (2)
-
-
halides
-
fluorides
-
clinohumite (2)
-
fluorite (1)
-
humite (3)
-
topaz (2)
-
-
-
hydrates (2)
-
manganese minerals (1)
-
minerals (2)
-
native elements
-
diamond
-
microdiamond (29)
-
-
graphite (11)
-
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (1)
-
brucite (1)
-
chrome spinel (1)
-
chromite (11)
-
corundum (3)
-
ferropericlase (2)
-
franklinite (1)
-
germanates (1)
-
hematite (3)
-
hollandite (2)
-
hydroxides (2)
-
ilmenite (8)
-
iron oxides (6)
-
jacobsite (1)
-
magnesium oxides (3)
-
magnetite (6)
-
niobates (1)
-
periclase (2)
-
perovskite (15)
-
rutile (24)
-
spinel (9)
-
spinel group (6)
-
titanium oxides (5)
-
titanomagnetite (1)
-
uraninite (1)
-
wustite (3)
-
zirconolite (1)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (10)
-
fluorapatite (1)
-
monazite (10)
-
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates
-
maskelynite (1)
-
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
edenite (1)
-
glaucophane (3)
-
hastingsite (1)
-
hornblende (3)
-
pargasite (2)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
augite (1)
-
clinoenstatite (1)
-
diopside (12)
-
hedenbergite (1)
-
jadeite (8)
-
omphacite (26)
-
pigeonite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (2)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
analbite (1)
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (6)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (3)
-
-
-
myrmekite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
kalsilite (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
coesite (65)
-
cristobalite (1)
-
keatite (1)
-
quartz (21)
-
stishovite (7)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (1)
-
-
-
magnesian silicates (6)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
chloritoid (1)
-
chondrodite (1)
-
clinohumite (2)
-
dumortierite (1)
-
garnet group
-
grossular (2)
-
majorite (10)
-
pyrope (12)
-
-
humite (3)
-
kyanite (16)
-
olivine group
-
fayalite (3)
-
forsterite (9)
-
olivine (19)
-
ringwoodite (11)
-
wadsleyite (9)
-
-
sillimanite (1)
-
staurolite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (8)
-
-
topaz (2)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (60)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (5)
-
epidote (7)
-
zoisite (2)
-
-
lawsonite (4)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
cordierite (1)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (2)
-
schorl (2)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (2)
-
clinochlore (1)
-
-
cymrite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (6)
-
muscovite (4)
-
paragonite (1)
-
phengite (17)
-
phlogopite (6)
-
-
serpentine group
-
antigorite (2)
-
serpentine (2)
-
-
talc (2)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
barite (2)
-
jarosite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
iron sulfides (3)
-
nickel sulfides (2)
-
pyrite (1)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (69)
-
Africa
-
North Africa
-
Ceuta (1)
-
Morocco
-
Rif (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
East Antarctica (1)
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (3)
-
Northern Greenland (1)
-
West Greenland (2)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (2)
-
-
Baikal region (1)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Central Kazakhstan (1)
-
Kokchetav Kazakhstan
-
Kokchetav Massif (33)
-
-
-
-
Far East
-
Burma (2)
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (1)
-
Anhui China (3)
-
Dabie Mountains (44)
-
Donghai China (5)
-
Hubei China (1)
-
Jiangsu China
-
Xuzhou China (1)
-
-
Kunlun Fault (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
North China Platform (6)
-
Qaidam Basin (6)
-
Qilian Mountains (1)
-
Qinghai China (2)
-
Qinling Mountains (2)
-
Shandong China
-
Shandong Peninsula (1)
-
-
South China Block (2)
-
Sulu Terrane (47)
-
Tancheng-Lujiang Fault (2)
-
Tongbai Mountains (2)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Lhasa Block (2)
-
-
Yangtze Platform (5)
-
Yunnan China (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Chugoku (1)
-
-
Sambagawa Belt (3)
-
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Sino-Korean Platform (5)
-
Vietnam (1)
-
-
Himalayas
-
High Himalayan Crystallines (1)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
Zanskar Range (1)
-
-
Hindu Kush (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Ghats
-
Eastern Ghats (2)
-
-
Jharkhand India
-
Singhbhum India (1)
-
-
Uttar Pradesh India (1)
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (8)
-
Nanga Parbat (1)
-
-
Nepal (1)
-
Pakistan
-
North-West Frontier Pakistan
-
Swat Pakistan (1)
-
-
-
-
Indus River (1)
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (6)
-
Karakoram (2)
-
Kyrgyzstan (1)
-
Lake Baikal (1)
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Israel
-
Mount Carmel (1)
-
-
Turkey (1)
-
Zagros (1)
-
-
Qiangtang Terrane (2)
-
Siberian Platform
-
Aldan Shield (1)
-
-
Tibetan Plateau (6)
-
Tien Shan (11)
-
West Siberia (1)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Mir Pipe (2)
-
Udachnaya Pipe (2)
-
-
-
associations (1)
-
atmosphere (1)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
New Zealand (1)
-
Papua New Guinea (4)
-
-
bitumens
-
asphalt (1)
-
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Algoma District Ontario
-
Wawa Ontario (2)
-
-
-
-
Stikinia Terrane (1)
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia (2)
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Cuba (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
Topopah Spring Member (1)
-
upper Miocene (2)
-
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene (7)
-
Oligocene (2)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Guatemala
-
Motagua Fault (1)
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata (1)
-
-
climate change (1)
-
continental drift (1)
-
core (22)
-
crust (65)
-
crystal chemistry (21)
-
crystal growth (15)
-
crystal structure (63)
-
crystallography (1)
-
data processing (2)
-
deformation (26)
-
diamond deposits (6)
-
Earth (4)
-
earthquakes (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Central Alps
-
Lepontine Alps (1)
-
-
Eastern Alps
-
Koralpe Range (1)
-
-
Piedmont Alps
-
Dora Maira Massif (18)
-
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
Western Alps
-
Cottian Alps
-
Dora Maira Massif (18)
-
-
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria
-
Koralpe Range (1)
-
-
Bohemian Massif (13)
-
Czech Republic
-
Bohemia (6)
-
Moravia (1)
-
-
Erzgebirge (15)
-
Germany
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Munchberg Gneiss Massif (1)
-
-
Eifel (1)
-
Saxonian Massif (1)
-
Saxony Germany (5)
-
-
Poland
-
Sowie Mountains (1)
-
-
Sudeten Mountains
-
Sowie Mountains (1)
-
-
Switzerland
-
Swiss Alps (1)
-
Valais Switzerland
-
Zermatt Switzerland (3)
-
-
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
-
Karelia Russian Federation (1)
-
Rhenish Schiefergebirge
-
Eifel (1)
-
-
Snieznik (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Thrace
-
Rhodope Greece (2)
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
-
Alpujarride Complex (1)
-
Malaga Spain (1)
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
Betic Cordillera
-
Serrania de Ronda (1)
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Phlegraean Fields (1)
-
-
Liguria Italy (2)
-
Lombardy Italy (1)
-
Piemonte Italy
-
Dora Maira Massif (18)
-
-
-
Rhodope Mountains (4)
-
Slovenia (3)
-
-
Tauern Window (2)
-
Thrace
-
Greek Thrace
-
Rhodope Greece (2)
-
-
-
Variscides (4)
-
Western Europe
-
Cottian Alps
-
Dora Maira Massif (18)
-
-
Scandinavia
-
Koli Nappe (1)
-
Norway
-
Nord-Trondelag Norway (1)
-
Sogn (1)
-
Sor-Trondelag Norway (1)
-
Southern Norway (1)
-
Trondelag (1)
-
-
Sweden
-
Jamtland Sweden (2)
-
Vasterbotten Sweden (1)
-
-
Western Gneiss region (25)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Inverness-shire Scotland
-
Isle of Skye (1)
-
-
-
Moine thrust zone (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (23)
-
folds (4)
-
foliation (3)
-
fractures (4)
-
gems (1)
-
geochemistry (31)
-
geochronology (5)
-
geophysical methods (1)
-
heat flow (5)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (3)
-
feldspathoid rocks (1)
-
granophyre (1)
-
kimberlite (8)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (3)
-
gabbros (4)
-
granites
-
A-type granites (1)
-
charnockite (1)
-
I-type granites (1)
-
-
granodiorites (3)
-
lamprophyres (2)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (1)
-
-
pegmatite (1)
-
ultramafics
-
chromitite (8)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (2)
-
garnet lherzolite (5)
-
garnet peridotite (16)
-
harzburgite (2)
-
lherzolite (4)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
clinopyroxenite (6)
-
garnet pyroxenite (3)
-
websterite (3)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites (3)
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (4)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
tuff (2)
-
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (15)
-
-
intrusions (16)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
Hf-182 (1)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Al-27 (1)
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
-
D/H (1)
-
deuterium (1)
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Fe-57 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
Si-29 (2)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
W-182 (1)
-
-
-
lava (1)
-
lineation (2)
-
magmas (12)
-
mantle (123)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Aegean Sea (1)
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous (4)
-
Upper Cretaceous (2)
-
-
Franciscan Complex (2)
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Laberge Group (2)
-
-
Upper Jurassic (1)
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Middle Triassic (1)
-
Upper Triassic (4)
-
-
-
metal ores
-
gold ores (2)
-
iron ores (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
nickel ores (1)
-
tin ores (1)
-
titanium ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
protactinium (1)
-
thorium (3)
-
uranium (2)
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (1)
-
lithium (1)
-
potassium (6)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
sodium (5)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
barium (4)
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (6)
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (9)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-27 (1)
-
-
antimony (1)
-
chromium (3)
-
copper (1)
-
germanium (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (3)
-
Hf-182 (1)
-
-
iron
-
Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
-
Fe-57 (1)
-
ferric iron (8)
-
ferrous iron (4)
-
-
lead (3)
-
manganese (1)
-
nickel (1)
-
niobium (1)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (3)
-
rhodium (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
gadolinium (1)
-
lanthanum (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (8)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (3)
-
-
yttrium (1)
-
-
titanium (8)
-
tungsten
-
W-182 (1)
-
-
zirconium (8)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (5)
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (116)
-
garnetite (2)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
banded gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (2)
-
orthogneiss (9)
-
paragneiss (6)
-
-
granulites (16)
-
impactites (1)
-
marbles (9)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasite (4)
-
metagabbro (2)
-
metagranite (2)
-
metaperidotite (1)
-
serpentinite (12)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (1)
-
metapelite (14)
-
paragneiss (6)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
serpentinite (12)
-
skarn (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (3)
-
migmatites (9)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
phyllites (1)
-
quartzites (10)
-
schists
-
blueschist (8)
-
greenschist (1)
-
-
-
metamorphism (203)
-
metasomatism (19)
-
meteorites
-
Northwest Africa Meteorites (2)
-
stony meteorites
-
acapulcoite (1)
-
achondrites (1)
-
chondrites
-
carbonaceous chondrites
-
CR chondrites (1)
-
CV chondrites (1)
-
-
enstatite chondrites (1)
-
ordinary chondrites
-
L chondrites (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Mexico (3)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (5)
-
mineral exploration (2)
-
mineralogy (2)
-
minerals (2)
-
Mohorovicic discontinuity (1)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
helium (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (2)
-
Superior Province (2)
-
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
-
-
ocean floors (2)
-
Oceania
-
Melanesia
-
New Caledonia
-
Ouegoa New Caledonia (1)
-
-
-
-
orogeny (25)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (8)
-
-
Pacific region
-
Circum-Pacific region (1)
-
-
paleoclimatology (2)
-
paleogeography (3)
-
paleomagnetism (1)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (8)
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian (1)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (4)
-
Upper Devonian (1)
-
-
Gfohl Unit (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (6)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian (2)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (2)
-
Upper Silurian (2)
-
-
-
paragenesis (28)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
-
coalbed methane (1)
-
-
-
petrology (10)
-
Phanerozoic (6)
-
phase equilibria (39)
-
phosphorus (3)
-
planetology (1)
-
plate tectonics (92)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean
-
Jiaodong Group (1)
-
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic (5)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (1)
-
Vendian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (8)
-
-
-
-
rock mechanics (1)
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks (3)
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
conglomerate (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
soft sediment deformation
-
olistostromes (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (3)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
-
-
silicon
-
Si-29 (2)
-
-
soils (1)
-
South America
-
Andes (1)
-
Brazil
-
Borborema (1)
-
-
Chile (1)
-
-
spectroscopy
-
electron paramagnetic resonance (1)
-
-
structural analysis (10)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (1)
-
-
tectonics (57)
-
United States
-
Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
-
California
-
Mono County California
-
Long Valley Caldera (1)
-
-
Northern California (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Connecticut
-
Tolland County Connecticut (1)
-
-
Great Basin (1)
-
Idaho (1)
-
Idaho Batholith (1)
-
Nevada (1)
-
New York
-
Adirondack Mountains (1)
-
-
Pennsylvania
-
Fayette County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Utah (1)
-
Vermont (1)
-
Wisconsin
-
Pierce County Wisconsin (1)
-
-
Yellowstone National Park (1)
-
-
X-ray analysis (9)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks (3)
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
conglomerate (1)
-
sandstone (1)
-
shale (1)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
boudinage (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
soft sediment deformation
-
olistostromes (1)
-
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
alluvium (1)
-
-
-
-
soils
-
soils (1)
-
ultrahigh pressure
Evidence from HP/UHP metasediments for recycling of isotopically heterogeneous potassium into the mantle
Ab initio study of structural, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Fe 3 S at high pressure: Implications for planetary cores
In situ laser ablation Lu–Hf geochronology of garnet across the Western Gneiss Region: campaign-style dating of metamorphism
Water in omphacite fingerprints the thermal history of eclogites
Establishing the P-T path of UHT granulites by geochemically distinguishing peritectic from retrograde garnet
ABSTRACT The southeast Ladakh (India) area displays one of the best-preserved ophiolite sections in this planet, in places up to 10 km thick, along the southern bank of the Indus River. Recently, in situ, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) mineralogical evidence from the mantle transition zone (MTZ; ~410–660 km) with diamond and reduced fluids were discovered from two peridotite bodies in the basal mantle part of this Indus ophiolite. Ultrahigh-pressure phases were also found by early workers from podiform chromitites of another coeval Neo-Tethyan ophiolite in southern Tibet. However, the MTZ phases in the Indus ophiolite are found in silicate peridotites, but not in metallic chromitites, and the peridotitic UHP phases show systematic and contiguous phase transitions from the MTZ to shallower depth, unlike the discrete UHP inclusions, all in Tibetan chromitites. We observe consistent change in oxygen fugacity ( f O 2 ) and fluid composition from (C-H + H 2 ) to (CO 2 + H 2 O) in the upwelling peridotitic mantle, causing melting to produce mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB). At shallow depths (<100 km) the free water stabilizes into hydrous phases, such as pargasitic amphibole, capable of storing water and preventing melting. Our discoveries provide unique insights into deep sub-oceanic-mantle processes, and link deep-mantle upwelling and MORB genesis. Moreover, the tectonic setting of Neo-Tethyan ophiolites has been a difficult problem since the birth of the plate-tectonics concept. This problem for the origin of ophiolites in mid-ocean-ridge versus supra-subduction zone settings clearly confused the findings from Indus ophiolites. However, in this contribution, we provide arguments in favor of mid-ocean-ridge origin for Indus ophiolite. In addition, we venture to revisit the “historical contingency” model of E.M. Moores and others for Neo-Tethyan ophiolite genesis based on the available evidence and have found that our new results strongly support the “historical contingency” model.
Petrotectonic origin of mafic eclogites from the Maksyutov subduction complex, south Ural Mountains, Russia
ABSTRACT The Maksyutov complex is a mid- to late-Paleozoic high- to ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) eclogite-bearing subduction zone terrane in the south Ural Mountains. Previous reports of radial fractures emanating from quartz inclusions in garnet, omphacite, and glaucophane, cuboid graphite pseudomorphs after matrix diamond, and microdiamond aggregates preserved in garnet identified by Raman spectroscopy indicate that parts of the complex were subjected to physical conditions of ~600 °C and >2.8 GPa for coesite-bearing rocks, and >3.2 GPa for diamond-bearing rocks. Peak UHP eclogite-facies metamorphism took place at ca. 385 Ma, and rocks were exhumed through retrograde blueschist-facies conditions by ca. 360 Ma. Bulk analyses of 18 rocks reflect the presence of mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (MORB), oceanic-island basalt (OIB), and island-arc tholeiite (IAT) basaltic and andesitic series plus their metasomatized equivalents. To more fully constrain the petrotectonic evolution of the complex, we computed isochemical phase equilibria models for representative metabasites in the system Na 2 O-CaO-K 2 O-FeO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O-TiO 2 based on our new bulk-rock X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data. Both conventional Fe-Mg exchange thermometry and phase equilibrium modeling result in higher peak equilibrium temperatures than were previously reported for the complex. Pseudosection analysis provides minimum P-T conditions of 650–675 °C and 2.4–2.6 GPa for peak assemblages of the least retrogressed Maksyutov eclogites, whereas Fe-Mg exchange thermometry yields temperatures of 750 ± 25 °C for a pressure of 2.5 GPa. We interpret our new P-T data to reflect a thermal maximum reached by the eclogites on their initial decompression-exhumation stage, that defines a metamorphic field gradient; the relict coesite and microdiamond aggregates previously reported testify to pressure maxima that define an earlier prograde subduction zone gradient. The eclogitic Maksyutov complex marks underflow of the paleo-Asian oceanic plate and does not represent subduction of the Siberian cratonal margin.