Update search
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
South Atlantic (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Tenerife (1)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Eye-Dashwa Lakes Pluton (1)
-
Rainy River District Ontario
-
Atikokan Ontario (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Barbados (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Guatemala
-
Santiaguito (1)
-
-
-
Europe
-
Southern Europe
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
East Anglia
-
Norfolk England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Scotia Ridge (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Villarrica (1)
-
-
Chile
-
Villarrica (1)
-
-
-
Southern Ocean (1)
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (8)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-230 (9)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
D/H (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
protactinium (1)
-
thorium
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-230 (9)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Th-230 (9)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (1)
-
Th/U (1)
-
uranium disequilibrium (2)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Hoxnian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts (3)
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
phonolites (1)
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
cerussite (1)
-
strontianite (1)
-
witherite (1)
-
-
minerals (1)
-
silicates
-
sheet silicates
-
palygorskite (1)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (1)
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
North Sea (1)
-
-
South Atlantic (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Tenerife (1)
-
-
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Ontario
-
Eye-Dashwa Lakes Pluton (1)
-
Rainy River District Ontario
-
Atikokan Ontario (1)
-
-
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Barbados (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
middle Pleistocene (1)
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Hoxnian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Central America
-
Guatemala
-
Santiaguito (1)
-
-
-
crust (1)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
crystal structure (1)
-
Europe
-
Southern Europe
-
Italy
-
Campania Italy
-
Vesuvius (1)
-
-
-
-
Western Europe
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
East Anglia
-
Norfolk England (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
geochemistry (5)
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
granites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts (3)
-
basanite (1)
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
phonolites (1)
-
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-230 (9)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
D/H (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
lava (3)
-
magmas (5)
-
mantle (2)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
protactinium (1)
-
thorium
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
Th-232/Th-230 (1)
-
U-238/Th-230 (9)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
-
uranium
-
U-238/Th-230 (9)
-
U-238/Th-232 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium
-
Be-10/Be-9 (1)
-
-
radium
-
Th-230/Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
-
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
minerals (1)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (2)
-
-
phase equilibria (1)
-
plate tectonics (2)
-
reefs (1)
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
-
sea-level changes (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (1)
-
-
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (1)
-
-
shorelines (1)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Villarrica (1)
-
-
Chile
-
Villarrica (1)
-
-
-
Southern Ocean (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
limestone (1)
-
-
-
-
sediments
-
sediments
-
carbonate sediments (1)
-
-
GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
U-238/Th-230
Active emergence, chronology, and limestone facies in southeastern windward Barbados Available to Purchase
ABSTRACT Barbados is actively rising in the latest phase of a long history of emergence that began as far back as 15 Ma. The current phase began at or before ca. 700 ka, is highly nonuniform, and at least locally, has been nonsteady. The uplift rate field in SE Barbados ranges between near-zero and 0.47 m/k.y. and is harmonic to active structures of NNW-SSE contraction. Emergence markers include limestone strata, coral, and shoreline angles, but we used only shoreline angles in calculations. We divided the capping limestone of windward Barbados into 10 units using physical criteria and dated them with over 40 230 Th ages as oxygen isotope stages 5a, 5e, late 7 and early 7, and old (older than 300 ka). The oldest unit is a relic of an earlier phase of emergence. Younger units, probably as old as 700 ka, downlap the eroded flank of the oldest unit and sublimestone foundation. Younger units comprise landward clastic facies deposited on abrasion platforms during eustatic highstand and seaward-coalescent fringe reef blankets deposited on preexisting slopes, mainly in transgression. Earlier models of ridged reefs of catch-up growth origin are not supported in windward Barbados. Shoreline angles, the updip tips of terrace floors and of younger limestone units, are isochronous markers of maximum highstand levels. Despite the lack of direct determination of their ages, shoreline angles provide the truest measures and highest values of emergence. Coral thought to indicate highstand growth gives moderately lower uplift rates due to depths of growth and collapse. Coral grown during transgression gives a marked error in emergence.