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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Afar (4)
-
Central Africa
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (3)
-
Djibouti (3)
-
Ethiopia (7)
-
Ethiopian Rift (2)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
-
East African Rift (4)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt (1)
-
-
Nubian Shield (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
Kalahari Craton (1)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
Kaoko Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa (2)
-
-
West Africa
-
Benue Valley (2)
-
Nigeria
-
Niger Delta (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Pensacola Mountains
-
Dufek Intrusion (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Voring Basin (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
South Greenland (1)
-
West Greenland (2)
-
-
Jan Mayen (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Xizang China (2)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Celebes (1)
-
Moluccas (1)
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Chiba Peninsula (2)
-
Kii Peninsula (1)
-
Miura Peninsula (1)
-
Sagami Bay (1)
-
Tanzawa Mountains (1)
-
-
Honshu Arc (1)
-
Kyushu (1)
-
Shikoku (2)
-
Shimanto Belt (1)
-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Bihar India (1)
-
-
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea (1)
-
Dead Sea Rift (2)
-
Lebanon (1)
-
Turkey
-
Amanos Mountains (1)
-
East Anatolian Fault (4)
-
Taurus Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Siberian Lowland (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Equatorial Atlantic (2)
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (3)
-
North Atlantic
-
Bay of Biscay (2)
-
Caribbean Sea
-
Cayman Trough (1)
-
-
Flemish Cap (1)
-
Goban Spur (1)
-
Gulf of Guinea (1)
-
Labrador Sea (1)
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic
-
Porcupine Bank (1)
-
-
Porcupine Basin (1)
-
-
South Atlantic (3)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores (1)
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
Faeroe Islands (1)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Atlantic region (4)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
Papua (1)
-
-
Bay of Islands (1)
-
Caledonides (2)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (1)
-
Newfoundland (4)
-
-
Ottawa Valley (1)
-
Quebec (3)
-
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia
-
Queen Charlotte Islands (2)
-
Vancouver Island (4)
-
-
-
-
Caribbean region (4)
-
Cascade Range (1)
-
Cascadia subduction zone (10)
-
Central America
-
Chortis Block (1)
-
Costa Rica (2)
-
Guatemala
-
Motagua Fault (1)
-
-
Panama (2)
-
-
Central Graben (2)
-
Coast Mountains (1)
-
Coast Ranges (8)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Russian Federation
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
-
Urals (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Siberian Lowland (1)
-
-
-
Eel River basin (3)
-
Eurasia (2)
-
Europe
-
Pyrenees (2)
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Epirus Greece (1)
-
Sterea Ellas (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula (2)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Gironde France
-
Bordeaux France (1)
-
-
-
Iceland (3)
-
Ireland (1)
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
Scotland
-
Moray Firth (1)
-
Scottish Highlands (1)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Explorer Plate (5)
-
Grand Banks (1)
-
Highland Boundary Fault (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden (4)
-
-
Carlsberg Ridge (1)
-
Red Sea
-
Gulf of Aqaba (1)
-
Gulf of Suez (1)
-
Red Sea Rift (2)
-
-
Rodriguez triple junction (2)
-
-
Indian Ocean Islands
-
Crozet Islands (1)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
-
Mediterranean region (1)
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean (1)
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
-
Jalisco Block (1)
-
Jalisco Mexico
-
Guadalajara Mexico (1)
-
-
Mexico state
-
Federal District Mexico (1)
-
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (2)
-
Tabasco Mexico (1)
-
Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (4)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Northern Appalachians (2)
-
-
Basin and Range Province (3)
-
Canadian Shield
-
Grenville Province (2)
-
-
Rio Grande Rift (1)
-
Straight Creek Fault (1)
-
Strait of Georgia (1)
-
Yakutat Terrane (2)
-
-
Pacific Coast (5)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Carnegie Ridge (2)
-
Cocos Ridge (2)
-
East Pacific Rise (2)
-
Galapagos Rift (2)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gorda Rise (2)
-
Gulf of California (3)
-
Hawaiian Ridge (1)
-
Hess Deep (1)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (4)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (26)
-
Middle America Trench (1)
-
Queen Charlotte Basin (1)
-
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Chile Ridge (5)
-
Lau Basin (1)
-
Manihiki Plateau (1)
-
Nazca Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (2)
-
North Pacific
-
Aleutian Trench (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Gorda Rise (2)
-
Gulf of California (3)
-
Hawaiian Ridge (1)
-
Hess Deep (1)
-
Juan de Fuca Ridge (4)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (26)
-
Middle America Trench (1)
-
Queen Charlotte Basin (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts (1)
-
Hess Rise (1)
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
Japan Sea (2)
-
Mariana Trench (1)
-
Shatsky Rise (2)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Chile Ridge (5)
-
Lau Basin (1)
-
Manihiki Plateau (1)
-
Nazca Ridge (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Banda Sea (1)
-
North Fiji Basin (1)
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Indonesian Seas
-
Banda Sea (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
Emperor Seamounts (1)
-
Hess Rise (1)
-
Izu-Bonin Arc (1)
-
Japan Sea (2)
-
Mariana Trench (1)
-
Shatsky Rise (2)
-
Shikoku Basin (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Banda Sea (1)
-
North Fiji Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific region (4)
-
Permian Basin (2)
-
Queen Charlotte Fault (3)
-
Queen Charlotte Sound (1)
-
Red Sea region (1)
-
Redwood Creek (1)
-
Russian Platform (1)
-
San Andreas Fault (8)
-
San Joaquin Basin (1)
-
Santa Maria Basin (1)
-
Sierra Nevada (3)
-
South America
-
Andes
-
Patagonian Andes (1)
-
-
Brazil (1)
-
Chile (8)
-
Parana Basin (1)
-
Patagonia
-
Patagonian Andes (1)
-
-
Rio de la Plata Craton (1)
-
-
Southern Ocean
-
Weddell Sea (1)
-
-
Southwest Indian Ridge (2)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Aleutian Islands (1)
-
Chugach Mountains (2)
-
-
California
-
Butte County California (1)
-
Central California (4)
-
Garlock Fault (1)
-
Glenn County California (2)
-
Humboldt County California
-
Cape Mendocino (2)
-
-
Kern County California (1)
-
Lake County California (2)
-
Mendocino County California (5)
-
Napa County California (1)
-
Northern California (15)
-
Salinian Block (2)
-
Santa Clara County California (1)
-
Santa Cruz County California (1)
-
Shasta County California (1)
-
Solano County California (1)
-
Sonoma County California (1)
-
Southern California (1)
-
Tehama County California (1)
-
Transverse Ranges (1)
-
Trinity County California (1)
-
Yolo County California (1)
-
-
Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Delaware Basin (1)
-
Eastern U.S.
-
Northeastern U.S. (1)
-
-
Klamath Mountains (2)
-
Maine
-
Norumbega fault zone (1)
-
-
Mississippi Embayment (1)
-
Nevada (1)
-
New England (1)
-
New York
-
Clinton County New York (1)
-
-
Oregon (2)
-
Reading Prong (1)
-
Reelfoot Rift (1)
-
Texas
-
Marfa Basin (1)
-
Val Verde Basin (1)
-
-
Utah (1)
-
Washington (2)
-
Western U.S. (5)
-
-
-
commodities
-
brines (1)
-
energy sources (2)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
metal ores
-
manganese ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (2)
-
mineral exploration (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (2)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
C-14 (2)
-
-
chemical ratios (1)
-
halogens
-
chlorine (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (4)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
C-14 (2)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (1)
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (3)
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (3)
-
-
-
titanium (1)
-
-
noble gases
-
helium
-
He-3 (1)
-
He-4 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (1)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Trilobitomorpha
-
Trilobita (1)
-
-
-
Protista
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
microfossils (2)
-
palynomorphs
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (1)
-
Ar/Ar (5)
-
fission-track dating (3)
-
K/Ar (4)
-
paleomagnetism (2)
-
thermochronology (4)
-
U/Pb (4)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene
-
Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
-
lower Miocene (2)
-
middle Miocene (3)
-
-
Pliocene (5)
-
upper Neogene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
Chuckanut Formation (1)
-
Chumstick Formation (1)
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
Swauk Formation (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene (3)
-
upper Paleogene (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (3)
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Aptian (1)
-
Barremian (1)
-
-
Middle Cretaceous (2)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Hornbrook Formation (1)
-
-
-
Franciscan Complex (3)
-
Jurassic
-
Ferrar Group (1)
-
Lower Jurassic (1)
-
Middle Jurassic (3)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Kimmeridgian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Potsdam Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Ponta Grossa Formation (1)
-
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Lower Ordovician (1)
-
Lushs Bight Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Dapingian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Adirondack Anorthosite (1)
-
Archean (1)
-
Hadean (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Ediacaran (1)
-
Vendian (2)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (2)
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites (1)
-
granodiorites (1)
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites (1)
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
alkali olivine basalt (1)
-
-
flood basalts (3)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
tholeiite (2)
-
tholeiitic basalt (1)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
basanite (1)
-
glasses
-
volcanic glass (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ash-flow tuff (1)
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
rhyolite tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
eclogite (1)
-
granulites (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (1)
-
metasomatic rocks (1)
-
metavolcanic rocks (1)
-
-
ophiolite (4)
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
minerals
-
phosphates
-
apatite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group (1)
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (4)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
illite (1)
-
talc (1)
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (16)
-
Africa
-
Afar (4)
-
Central Africa
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (1)
-
East Africa
-
Afar Depression (3)
-
Djibouti (3)
-
Ethiopia (7)
-
Ethiopian Rift (2)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
East African Lakes
-
Lake Kivu (1)
-
-
East African Rift (4)
-
Madagascar (1)
-
North Africa
-
Egypt (1)
-
-
Nubian Shield (2)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (1)
-
Kalahari Craton (1)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
Kaoko Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa (2)
-
-
West Africa
-
Benue Valley (2)
-
Nigeria
-
Niger Delta (1)
-
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Queen Maud Land (1)
-
Transantarctic Mountains
-
Pensacola Mountains
-
Dufek Intrusion (1)
-
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Norwegian Sea
-
Voring Basin (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
South Greenland (1)
-
West Greenland (2)
-
-
Jan Mayen (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Xizang China (2)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Celebes (1)
-
Moluccas (1)
-
Sumatra (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Honshu
-
Chiba Peninsula (2)
-
Kii Peninsula (1)
-
Miura Peninsula (1)
-
Sagami Bay (1)
-
Tanzawa Mountains (1)
-
-
Honshu Arc (1)
-
Kyushu (1)
-
Shikoku (2)
-
Shimanto Belt (1)
-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Bihar India (1)
-
-
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Middle East
-
Dead Sea (1)
-
Dead Sea Rift (2)
-
Lebanon (1)
-
Turkey
-
Amanos Mountains (1)
-
East Anatolian Fault (4)
-
Taurus Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
West Siberia
-
Siberian Lowland (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
Equatorial Atlantic (2)
-
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (3)
-
North Atlantic
-
Bay of Biscay (2)
-
Caribbean Sea
-
Cayman Trough (1)
-
-
Flemish Cap (1)
-
Goban Spur (1)
-
Gulf of Guinea (1)
-
Labrador Sea (1)
-
North Sea
-
Viking Graben (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic
-
Porcupine Bank (1)
-
-
Porcupine Basin (1)
-
-
South Atlantic (3)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores (1)
-
Canary Islands (1)
-
Faeroe Islands (1)
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Atlantic region (4)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia (1)
-
-
Papua (1)
-
-
biography (1)
-
brines (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (1)
-
Newfoundland (4)
-
-
Ottawa Valley (1)
-
Quebec (3)
-
-
Nunavut
-
Baffin Island (1)
-
-
Western Canada
-
British Columbia
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Leg 141
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ocean floors (24)
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triple junctions
Oceanic isostasy as a trigger for the rift-to-drift transition
ABSTRACT New low-temperature thermochronological data analyses (apatite fission track and apatite and zircon [U-Th]/He) on rocks from the southern (Pacific) margin of Mexico between Acapulco and the western Gulf of Tehuantepec, where pre–middle Eocene arc and forearc complexes are expected but missing, show that this continental margin was subjected to an important Tertiary exhumational event. Exhumation is constrained to ca. 32–20 Ma in the west (Acapulco) and to ca. 19–11 Ma in the east (Puerto Angel) and was thus eastwardly diachronous. The diachroneity is interpreted as relating to the migration of the Chortis block, representing the western end of the Caribbean plate. The amount of exhumation along the trend is constrained to roughly 4–5 km (~0.3–0.6 km/m.y.). These magnitudes and rates are much less than previous estimates of 2.5–4 km/m.y. during the Oligocene, which are likely overestimated. These faster rates have been employed in a competing model for arc removal by orthogonal subduction erosion (i.e., Chortis block not involved), which is accordingly questioned. The exhumation was not due to shearing or fault-related uplift as the Chortis block migrated, but rather to the inception of subduction along Mexico in the wake of Chortis block migration. A four-part history applies to southern Mexico that is eastwardly diachronous: (1) inception of arc magmatism as the Chortis block first moved over the ~150 km depth contour of the Farallon/Cocos Benioff zone; (2) uplift and exhumation of basement as southern Mexico encountered and overrode the site of the Farallon/Cocos Benioff zone; (3) northward migration of arc magmatism as the Chortis block left the cross section and North America continued to advance further onto the Cocos plate, producing flat slab subduction geometry; and (4) resumption of forearc subsidence once the Mexican margin had acquired a subduction zone hanging-wall geometry. The missing arc terrane along southern Mexico is the Chortis block.
Gulf of Aden spreading does not conform to triple-junction formation
Age and mantle sources of Quaternary basalts associated with “leaky” transform faults of the migrating Anatolia-Arabia-Africa triple junction
Boulders as a lithologic control on river and landscape response to tectonic forcing at the Mendocino triple junction
Conjugate margins — An oversimplification of the complex southern North Atlantic rift and spreading system?
Differences in channel and hillslope geometry record a migrating uplift wave at the Mendocino triple junction, California, USA
U–Pb ages of Miocene near-trench granitic rocks of the Southwest Japan arc: implications for magmatism related to hot subduction
Multichronometer thermochronologic modeling of migrating spreading ridge subduction in southern Patagonia: REPLY
Multichronometer thermochronologic modeling of migrating spreading ridge subduction in southern Patagonia: COMMENT
The Rattray Volcanics: Mid-Jurassic fissure volcanism in the UK Central North Sea
Musings in tectonics
Mantle heterogeneity at the Bouvet triple junction based on the composition of olivine phenocrysts
Abstract Eastern Indonesia is the site of intense deformation related to convergence between Australia, Eurasia, the Pacific and the Philippine Sea Plate. Our analysis of the tectonic geomorphology, drainage patterns, exhumed faults and historical seismicity in this region has highlighted faults that have been active during the Quaternary (Pleistocene to present day), even if instrumental records suggest that some are presently inactive. Of the 27 largely onshore fault systems studied, 11 showed evidence of a maximal tectonic rate and a further five showed evidence of rapid tectonic activity. Three faults indicating a slow to minimal tectonic rate nonetheless showed indications of Quaternary activity and may simply have long interseismic periods. Although most studied fault systems are highly segmented, many are linked by narrow (<3 km) step-overs to form one or more long, quasi-continuous segment capable of producing M > 7.5 earthquakes. Sinistral shear across the soft-linked Yapen and Tarera–Aiduna faults and their continuation into the transpressive Seram fold–thrust belt represents perhaps the most active belt of deformation and hence the greatest seismic hazard in the region. However, the Palu–Koro Fault, which is long, straight and capable of generating super-shear ruptures, is considered to represent the greatest seismic risk of all the faults evaluated in this region in view of important strike-slip strands that appear to traverse the thick Quaternary basin-fill below Palu city.
ABSTRACT This guide describes a three-day field trip to the Paleogene sedimentary and volcanic rocks exposed between the Straight Creek–Fraser River and Entiat faults in the central Washington Cascades. These rocks record a history of deposition, deformation, and magmatism that can be linked to tectonic events along the North American margin using a robust chronology coupled with detailed sedimentological, stratigraphic, and structural studies. These events include deposition in a large sedimentary basin (Swauk basin) that formed in the forearc from <59.9–50 Ma; disruption and deformation of this basin related to the accretion of the Siletzia oceanic plateau between 51 and 49 Ma; the initiation, or acceleration of right-lateral, strike-slip faulting and the development of at least one strike-slip sedimentary basin (Chumstick basin) starting ca. 49 Ma; and the re-establishment of a regional depositional system after ca. 45–44 Ma (Roslyn basin) as strike-slip faulting was localized on the Straight Creek–Fraser River fault. These events are compatible with the presence of the Kula-Farallon ridge near the latitude of Washington ca. 50 Ma and its southward movement, or jump, following the accretion of Siletzia. This trip visits key outcrops that highlight this history and links them to regional studies of sedimentation, faulting, and magmatism to better understand the geologic record of this tectonic setting.
How to make a transverse triple junction—New evidence for the assemblage of Gondwana along the Kaoko-Damara belts, Namibia
Development of the Norumbega fault system in mid-Paleozoic New England, USA: An integrated subducted oceanic ridge model
Landslides, threshold slopes, and the survival of relict terrain in the wake of the Mendocino Triple Junction
High-resolution temporal and stratigraphic record of Siletzia’s accretion and triple junction migration from nonmarine sedimentary basins in central and western Washington
Insight into the Eastern Margin of Africa from a new tectonic model of the Indian Ocean
Abstract We present a new plate tectonic model for the breakup and dispersal of East and West Gondwana and subsequent formation of the Indian Ocean, focussed on the early evolution of the Eastern Margin of Africa. We start from a tight reconstruction of all the Precambrian pieces. Using primarily ocean-floor fracture zone data, the development of the ocean between India and Antarctica is resolved into four distinct spreading regimes and that between Antarctica and Africa into seven distinct regimes. The movement of Madagascar against Africa is then investigated as part of the plate–circuit closure between Africa and India in the Madagascar–Africa–Antarctica–India–Madagascar system. We conclude that a distinct change in plate tectonic regime off East Africa occurred at about 153 Ma (Kimmeridgian) when transforms were first activated offshore. Before this time, East and West Gondwana were separated by a rift, propagating from NE to SW and starting between 188 and 170 Ma. The model is defined by Euler interval poles, published here for the first time, and a refined global animation that may be inspected and copied from the URL www.reeves.nl/Gondwana . The analysis points to a small number of disruptive events in the otherwise inexorable growth of the oceans.