- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Kenya (1)
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Somali Republic (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
Lebombo Mountains (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Great Kabylia (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (4)
-
Middle Atlas (5)
-
-
-
Maghreb (2)
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (4)
-
Middle Atlas (5)
-
-
Rif (2)
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
Western Sahara (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (5)
-
South Africa (4)
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (1)
-
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean (2)
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Kuwait (1)
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (4)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
Sichuan Basin (1)
-
Xizang China (1)
-
-
Japan (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Middle East (1)
-
Qiangtang Terrane (1)
-
Siberia (3)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
-
Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation (1)
-
-
West Siberia
-
Siberian Lowland (3)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Blake Plateau
-
Blake Nose (1)
-
-
North Sea
-
Gullfaks Field (1)
-
Statfjord Field (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
Porcupine Basin (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Fuerteventura (1)
-
-
-
Black Rock Desert (1)
-
Cache Creek Terrane (2)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia
-
Minas Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Ellesmere Island
-
Fosheim Peninsula (1)
-
-
Sverdrup Basin (4)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Axel Heiberg Island (2)
-
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island
-
Fosheim Peninsula (1)
-
-
Sverdrup Basin (4)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Axel Heiberg Island (2)
-
-
-
Stikinia Terrane (3)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Peace River Arch (1)
-
-
British Columbia
-
Bowser Basin (1)
-
Queen Charlotte Islands (3)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (4)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Northwest Territories (3)
-
Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
Cardigan Bay (2)
-
Central European Basin (2)
-
Central Graben (1)
-
Chicxulub Crater (2)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
-
Caucasus (1)
-
Russian Federation
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
-
Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation (1)
-
-
-
Ukraine
-
Boltyshka Depression (1)
-
Ukrainian Shield (1)
-
-
West Siberia
-
Siberian Lowland (3)
-
-
-
El Paso Mountains (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Julian Alps (1)
-
-
French Alps (2)
-
Western Alps
-
Dauphine Alps
-
Belledonne Massif (1)
-
Pelvoux Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Baltic region (1)
-
Caucasus (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
-
Holzmaden region (5)
-
-
Lower Saxony Germany (2)
-
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Germany (2)
-
Schleswig-Holstein Germany (2)
-
-
Hungary
-
Transdanubia (1)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Switzerland
-
Jura Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
-
Pyrenees (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Croatia (1)
-
Greece
-
Epirus Greece (1)
-
Hellenides (1)
-
Peloponnesus Greece (1)
-
Pindus Mountains (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal
-
Coimbra Portugal (1)
-
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain (1)
-
Aragon Spain
-
Teruel Spain (1)
-
-
Asturias Spain (1)
-
Basque Provinces Spain (2)
-
Betic Cordillera (5)
-
Cantabria Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Basin (3)
-
Catalonia Spain (2)
-
Iberian Mountains (5)
-
Murcia Spain (1)
-
Subbetic Zone (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Central Apennines (1)
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Marches Italy (5)
-
Umbria Italy
-
Terni Italy (1)
-
-
Veneto Italy
-
Belluno Italy (1)
-
-
-
Slovenia (1)
-
Vardar Zone (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Boltyshka Depression (1)
-
Ukrainian Shield (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Alpes-de-Haute Provence France
-
Digne France (1)
-
-
Aquitaine Basin (1)
-
Aveyron France (3)
-
Burgundy (1)
-
Causses (2)
-
Cher France (1)
-
Dauphine Alps
-
Belledonne Massif (1)
-
Pelvoux Massif (1)
-
-
French Alps (2)
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
-
Herault France (1)
-
Isere France (2)
-
Paris Basin (3)
-
Quercy (4)
-
Rhone France (1)
-
Tarn France (2)
-
Tarn-et-Garonne France (1)
-
-
Luxembourg (2)
-
Netherlands (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Dorset England (5)
-
East Midlands (1)
-
London Basin (1)
-
Somerset England
-
Mendip Hills (1)
-
-
Sussex England (1)
-
Wessex Basin (3)
-
Yorkshire England
-
North Yorkshire England (6)
-
-
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides (1)
-
-
-
Wales
-
Gwynedd Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Graham Island (1)
-
Hartford Basin (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
-
Lusitanian Basin (7)
-
Mediterranean region (3)
-
Mexico
-
Chihuahua Mexico (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (2)
-
-
North America
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (4)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
-
North German Basin (1)
-
North Slope (1)
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
East Pacific Rise (1)
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
-
Peace River (1)
-
polar regions (1)
-
Queen Charlotte Sound (1)
-
Richmond Basin (1)
-
Russian Platform
-
Ukrainian Shield (1)
-
-
Scotia Sea Islands
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
-
-
Sierra Nevada (1)
-
South America
-
Andes (2)
-
Argentina
-
Chubut Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Basin (2)
-
-
Chile (2)
-
Patagonia (1)
-
Patagonian Batholith (1)
-
-
Southern Alps (1)
-
Southern Hemisphere (1)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Sleetmute Quadrangle (1)
-
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
California (1)
-
Colorado Plateau (2)
-
Connecticut (1)
-
Culpeper Basin (1)
-
Dan River basin (1)
-
Georgia (1)
-
Massachusetts (1)
-
Nevada (1)
-
Oregon (1)
-
Virginia (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
-
USSR (1)
-
-
commodities
-
bitumens (3)
-
energy sources (3)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
metal ores
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (2)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (40)
-
organic carbon (10)
-
-
chemical ratios (2)
-
halogens
-
iodine (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (45)
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (40)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (19)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (4)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
cadmium (1)
-
lead (1)
-
manganese (2)
-
mercury (1)
-
molybdenum (4)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (4)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
zinc (2)
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (19)
-
-
phosphorus (1)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
-
-
fossils
-
bacteria (2)
-
burrows (1)
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii (1)
-
-
Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
-
Teleostei (1)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amniota (2)
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida (1)
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia
-
Eusuchia
-
Crocodylidae (1)
-
-
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia (1)
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha (1)
-
-
-
-
Ichthyosauria
-
Ichthyosaurus (2)
-
-
Sauropterygia
-
Plesiosauria (6)
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cyclostomata (1)
-
ichnofossils
-
Arenicolites (1)
-
Chondrites ichnofossils (1)
-
Diplocraterion (1)
-
Ophiomorpha (1)
-
Thalassinoides (1)
-
Zoophycos (1)
-
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Malacostraca (1)
-
Ostracoda
-
Podocopida
-
Cytherocopina
-
Cytheracea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Insecta (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Rhynchonellida
-
Rhynchonellidae (2)
-
-
-
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (3)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
-
Stelleroidea
-
Ophiuroidea (2)
-
-
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (2)
-
-
Echinozoa
-
Echinoidea (2)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Rudistae (1)
-
-
Ostreoidea
-
Ostreidae
-
Ostrea (1)
-
-
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Pectinacea
-
Pectinidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (16)
-
Bouleiceras (1)
-
Dactylioceratidae (2)
-
Hildocerataceae
-
Hildoceratidae (3)
-
-
-
Coleoidea
-
Belemnoidea
-
Belemnitidae (7)
-
-
-
Nautiloidea
-
Nautilus (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (4)
-
-
Porifera
-
Hexactinellida (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Nodosariacea
-
Nodosariidae
-
Nodosaria (1)
-
-
-
-
Textulariina
-
Ammodiscacea
-
Ammodiscidae (1)
-
Astrorhizidae (1)
-
-
Lituolacea
-
Ammobaculites (1)
-
Lituolidae
-
Haplophragmoides (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (4)
-
-
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (2)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (2)
-
Dinoflagellata (14)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Chlorophyta
-
Botryococcus (1)
-
-
Coccolithophoraceae (4)
-
nannofossils (10)
-
Pyrrhophyta (1)
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferae (1)
-
Coniferales
-
Cupressaceae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
thallophytes (2)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (4)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
paleomagnetism (5)
-
Rb/Sr (1)
-
Re/Os (1)
-
U/Pb (8)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
upper Paleocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
-
-
-
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Hue Shale (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (3)
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (1)
-
-
Barremian (1)
-
Berriasian (1)
-
Christopher Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (3)
-
Kanguk Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Turonian (3)
-
-
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Clarens Formation (2)
-
Fernie Formation (5)
-
Ferrar Group (5)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Domerian (4)
-
Hettangian (13)
-
lower Liassic (15)
-
middle Liassic (31)
-
Nordegg Member (2)
-
Pliensbachian (53)
-
Sinemurian (13)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (29)
-
-
upper Liassic (137)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (23)
-
Bajocian
-
Yakoun Group (1)
-
-
Bathonian
-
Great Oolite Group (1)
-
-
Callovian (9)
-
Dogger (6)
-
-
Oxford Clay (1)
-
Posidonia Shale (10)
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (1)
-
Bowser Lake Group (1)
-
Hanifa Formation (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (3)
-
Kimmeridgian (5)
-
Oxfordian (7)
-
Portlandian (5)
-
Tithonian (4)
-
Volgian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Newark Supergroup (1)
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (5)
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Keuper (2)
-
Norian (4)
-
Rhaetian (6)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (1)
-
-
Upper Permian
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Orosirian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (2)
-
granites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (5)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists (1)
-
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
minerals
-
carbonates
-
aragonite (1)
-
calcite (3)
-
dolomite (1)
-
siderite (2)
-
-
hydrates (2)
-
minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
goethite (1)
-
hydroxides
-
iron hydroxides (1)
-
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
framework silicates
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
zircon group
-
zircon (7)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals
-
kaolinite (4)
-
smectite (4)
-
-
illite (3)
-
mica group
-
glauconite (1)
-
-
serpentine group
-
berthierine (1)
-
-
-
-
sulfates
-
anhydrite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
sphalerite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (12)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Kenya (1)
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Somali Republic (1)
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
Lebombo Mountains (1)
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Great Kabylia (1)
-
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (4)
-
Middle Atlas (5)
-
-
-
Maghreb (2)
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (4)
-
Middle Atlas (5)
-
-
Rif (2)
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
Western Sahara (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (5)
-
South Africa (4)
-
Zimbabwe (1)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (1)
-
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean (2)
-
Arctic region
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (1)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Kuwait (1)
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (4)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
Sichuan Basin (1)
-
Xizang China (1)
-
-
Japan (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India (1)
-
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Middle East (1)
-
Qiangtang Terrane (1)
-
Siberia (3)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (1)
-
Tomsk Russian Federation (2)
-
Tyumen Russian Federation
-
Khanty-Mansi Russian Federation (1)
-
-
West Siberia
-
Siberian Lowland (3)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Blake Plateau
-
Blake Nose (1)
-
-
North Sea
-
Gullfaks Field (1)
-
Statfjord Field (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic (1)
-
Porcupine Basin (1)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Walvis Ridge (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Canary Islands
-
Fuerteventura (1)
-
-
-
atmosphere (1)
-
bacteria (2)
-
biogeography (22)
-
bitumens (3)
-
boron
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Maritime Provinces
-
Nova Scotia
-
Minas Basin (1)
-
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Ellesmere Island
-
Fosheim Peninsula (1)
-
-
Sverdrup Basin (4)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Axel Heiberg Island (2)
-
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
-
Ellesmere Island
-
Fosheim Peninsula (1)
-
-
Sverdrup Basin (4)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Axel Heiberg Island (2)
-
-
-
Stikinia Terrane (3)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Peace River Arch (1)
-
-
British Columbia
-
Bowser Basin (1)
-
Queen Charlotte Islands (3)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (4)
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
Northwest Territories (3)
-
Yukon Territory (2)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (40)
-
organic carbon (10)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene
-
upper Holocene
-
Roman period (1)
-
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
lower Miocene (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (2)
-
-
Oligocene (1)
-
Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
-
Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
-
upper Paleocene (2)
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
-
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Chondrichthyes
-
Elasmobranchii (1)
-
-
Osteichthyes
-
Actinopterygii
-
Teleostei (1)
-
-
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amniota (2)
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida (1)
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia
-
Eusuchia
-
Crocodylidae (1)
-
-
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia (1)
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha (1)
-
-
-
-
Ichthyosauria
-
Ichthyosaurus (2)
-
-
Sauropterygia
-
Plesiosauria (6)
-
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (4)
-
climate change (19)
-
continental drift (1)
-
crust (2)
-
crystal chemistry (1)
-
data processing (5)
-
Deep Sea Drilling Project
-
IPOD
-
Leg 74
-
DSDP Site 527 (1)
-
DSDP Site 528 (1)
-
-
-
-
diagenesis (13)
-
energy sources (3)
-
epeirogeny (1)
-
Europe
-
Alps
-
Eastern Alps
-
Julian Alps (1)
-
-
French Alps (2)
-
Western Alps
-
Dauphine Alps
-
Belledonne Massif (1)
-
Pelvoux Massif (1)
-
-
-
-
Baltic region (1)
-
Caucasus (1)
-
Central Europe
-
Germany
-
Baden-Wurttemberg Germany
-
Holzmaden region (5)
-
-
Lower Saxony Germany (2)
-
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Germany (2)
-
Schleswig-Holstein Germany (2)
-
-
Hungary
-
Transdanubia (1)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Switzerland
-
Jura Switzerland (1)
-
-
-
Fennoscandia (1)
-
Pyrenees (1)
-
Southern Europe
-
Croatia (1)
-
Greece
-
Epirus Greece (1)
-
Hellenides (1)
-
Peloponnesus Greece (1)
-
Pindus Mountains (1)
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal
-
Coimbra Portugal (1)
-
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain (1)
-
Aragon Spain
-
Teruel Spain (1)
-
-
Asturias Spain (1)
-
Basque Provinces Spain (2)
-
Betic Cordillera (5)
-
Cantabria Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Basin (3)
-
Catalonia Spain (2)
-
Iberian Mountains (5)
-
Murcia Spain (1)
-
Subbetic Zone (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Apennines
-
Central Apennines (1)
-
Northern Apennines (1)
-
-
Marches Italy (5)
-
Umbria Italy
-
Terni Italy (1)
-
-
Veneto Italy
-
Belluno Italy (1)
-
-
-
Slovenia (1)
-
Vardar Zone (1)
-
-
Ukraine
-
Boltyshka Depression (1)
-
Ukrainian Shield (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
France
-
Alpes-de-Haute Provence France
-
Digne France (1)
-
-
Aquitaine Basin (1)
-
Aveyron France (3)
-
Burgundy (1)
-
Causses (2)
-
Cher France (1)
-
Dauphine Alps
-
Belledonne Massif (1)
-
Pelvoux Massif (1)
-
-
French Alps (2)
-
Hautes-Alpes France (1)
-
Herault France (1)
-
Isere France (2)
-
Paris Basin (3)
-
Quercy (4)
-
Rhone France (1)
-
Tarn France (2)
-
Tarn-et-Garonne France (1)
-
-
Luxembourg (2)
-
Netherlands (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
Dorset England (5)
-
East Midlands (1)
-
London Basin (1)
-
Somerset England
-
Mendip Hills (1)
-
-
Sussex England (1)
-
Wessex Basin (3)
-
Yorkshire England
-
North Yorkshire England (6)
-
-
-
Scotland
-
Hebrides
-
Inner Hebrides (1)
-
-
-
Wales
-
Gwynedd Wales (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
faults (8)
-
folds (3)
-
fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (28)
-
geochronology (2)
-
geophysical methods (5)
-
geothermal energy (1)
-
glacial geology (1)
-
government agencies
-
survey organizations (1)
-
-
ground water (1)
-
heat flow (1)
-
ichnofossils
-
Arenicolites (1)
-
Chondrites ichnofossils (1)
-
Diplocraterion (1)
-
Ophiomorpha (1)
-
Thalassinoides (1)
-
Zoophycos (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (2)
-
granites (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
flood basalts (5)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (2)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (1)
-
-
-
inclusions
-
fluid inclusions (1)
-
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
-
intrusions (2)
-
Invertebrata
-
Arthropoda
-
Mandibulata
-
Crustacea
-
Malacostraca (1)
-
Ostracoda
-
Podocopida
-
Cytherocopina
-
Cytheracea (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Insecta (2)
-
-
-
Brachiopoda
-
Articulata
-
Rhynchonellida
-
Rhynchonellidae (2)
-
-
-
-
Bryozoa (1)
-
Cnidaria
-
Anthozoa (3)
-
-
Echinodermata
-
Asterozoa
-
Stelleroidea
-
Ophiuroidea (2)
-
-
-
Crinozoa
-
Crinoidea (2)
-
-
Echinozoa
-
Echinoidea (2)
-
-
-
Mollusca
-
Bivalvia
-
Heterodonta
-
Rudistae (1)
-
-
Ostreoidea
-
Ostreidae
-
Ostrea (1)
-
-
-
Pterioida
-
Pteriina
-
Pectinacea
-
Pectinidae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
-
Ammonoidea
-
Ammonites (16)
-
Bouleiceras (1)
-
Dactylioceratidae (2)
-
Hildocerataceae
-
Hildoceratidae (3)
-
-
-
Coleoidea
-
Belemnoidea
-
Belemnitidae (7)
-
-
-
Nautiloidea
-
Nautilus (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda (4)
-
-
Porifera
-
Hexactinellida (1)
-
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
-
Nodosariacea
-
Nodosariidae
-
Nodosaria (1)
-
-
-
-
Textulariina
-
Ammodiscacea
-
Ammodiscidae (1)
-
Astrorhizidae (1)
-
-
Lituolacea
-
Ammobaculites (1)
-
Lituolidae
-
Haplophragmoides (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Radiolaria (4)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
B-11/B-10 (1)
-
C-13/C-12 (40)
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (19)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (4)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
lava (2)
-
Mediterranean region (3)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Hue Shale (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (3)
-
Aptian
-
lower Aptian (1)
-
-
Barremian (1)
-
Berriasian (1)
-
Christopher Formation (1)
-
Valanginian (2)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Cenomanian (3)
-
Kanguk Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (1)
-
Turonian (3)
-
-
-
Glen Canyon Group (1)
-
Jurassic
-
Bazhenov Formation (1)
-
Clarens Formation (2)
-
Fernie Formation (5)
-
Ferrar Group (5)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Domerian (4)
-
Hettangian (13)
-
lower Liassic (15)
-
middle Liassic (31)
-
Nordegg Member (2)
-
Pliensbachian (53)
-
Sinemurian (13)
-
Toarcian
-
lower Toarcian (29)
-
-
upper Liassic (137)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Aalenian (23)
-
Bajocian
-
Yakoun Group (1)
-
-
Bathonian
-
Great Oolite Group (1)
-
-
Callovian (9)
-
Dogger (6)
-
-
Oxford Clay (1)
-
Posidonia Shale (10)
-
San Rafael Group (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
-
Arab Formation (1)
-
Bowser Lake Group (1)
-
Hanifa Formation (1)
-
Kimmeridge Clay (3)
-
Kimmeridgian (5)
-
Oxfordian (7)
-
Portlandian (5)
-
Tithonian (4)
-
Volgian (2)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Newark Supergroup (1)
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic
-
Ladinian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (5)
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Keuper (2)
-
Norian (4)
-
Rhaetian (6)
-
Stormberg Series (1)
-
-
-
-
metal ores
-
lead ores (1)
-
lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
manganese ores (1)
-
zinc ores (1)
-
-
metals
-
actinides
-
uranium
-
U-238/U-235 (1)
-
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
calcium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
-
magnesium
-
Mg/Ca (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr/Ca (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (8)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
cadmium (1)
-
lead (1)
-
manganese (2)
-
mercury (1)
-
molybdenum (4)
-
platinum group
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (4)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
-
rare earths
-
europium (1)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (1)
-
-
zinc (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
quartzites (1)
-
schists (1)
-
-
Mexico
-
Chihuahua Mexico (1)
-
Sonora Mexico (2)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
minerals (1)
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (2)
-
-
North America
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (4)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
-
ocean basins (1)
-
ocean circulation (1)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 171B
-
ODP Site 1049 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (1)
-
oil and gas fields (1)
-
orogeny (3)
-
oxygen
-
O-18/O-16 (19)
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
East Pacific Rise (1)
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific (1)
-
-
-
paleobotany (2)
-
paleoclimatology (24)
-
paleoecology (38)
-
paleogeography (39)
-
paleomagnetism (5)
-
paleontology (12)
-
Paleozoic
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Kellwasser event (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Guadalupian
-
Capitanian (1)
-
-
Upper Permian
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
-
-
palynology (2)
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (2)
-
Dinoflagellata (14)
-
miospores
-
pollen (2)
-
-
-
paragenesis (1)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas (2)
-
-
petrology (1)
-
phosphorus (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
Chlorophyta
-
Botryococcus (1)
-
-
Coccolithophoraceae (4)
-
nannofossils (10)
-
Pyrrhophyta (1)
-
Rhodophyta
-
Corallinaceae (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferae (1)
-
Coniferales
-
Cupressaceae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (6)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Neoarchean (1)
-
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Orosirian (1)
-
-
-
-
-
reefs (1)
-
rock mechanics (2)
-
sea water (3)
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
-
sea-level changes (23)
-
sedimentary petrology (6)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (1)
-
dolostone (1)
-
grainstone (1)
-
limestone
-
calcarenite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (2)
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
-
argillite (1)
-
bentonite (1)
-
black shale (15)
-
claystone (3)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
graywacke (1)
-
marl (4)
-
mudstone (11)
-
sandstone (8)
-
shale (11)
-
siltstone (6)
-
tillite (1)
-
-
coal (3)
-
oil sands (1)
-
oil shale (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms (1)
-
bioturbation (4)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
cross-laminations (1)
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
laminations (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (2)
-
-
-
sedimentation (16)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
erratics (2)
-
pebbles (2)
-
sand (1)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
South America
-
Andes (2)
-
Argentina
-
Chubut Argentina (1)
-
Neuquen Basin (2)
-
-
Chile (2)
-
Patagonia (1)
-
Patagonian Batholith (1)
-
-
Southern Hemisphere (1)
-
stratigraphy (22)
-
structural geology (4)
-
sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
-
-
tectonics
-
salt tectonics (2)
-
-
tectonophysics (1)
-
thallophytes (2)
-
tunnels (1)
-
underground installations (2)
-
United States
-
Alaska
-
Sleetmute Quadrangle (1)
-
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
California (1)
-
Colorado Plateau (2)
-
Connecticut (1)
-
Culpeper Basin (1)
-
Dan River basin (1)
-
Georgia (1)
-
Massachusetts (1)
-
Nevada (1)
-
Oregon (1)
-
Virginia (1)
-
Washington (1)
-
Western U.S. (1)
-
-
USSR (1)
-
waste disposal (4)
-
weathering (6)
-
X-ray analysis (3)
-
-
rock formations
-
Deccan Traps (2)
-
Elliot Formation (1)
-
Emeishan Basalts (1)
-
Hazelton Group (1)
-
Huqf Supergroup (1)
-
Karoo Supergroup (3)
-
Siberian Traps (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
oolite (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
carbonate rocks
-
chalk (1)
-
dolostone (1)
-
grainstone (1)
-
limestone
-
calcarenite (1)
-
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
chert (2)
-
phosphate rocks (1)
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (1)
-
-
argillite (1)
-
bentonite (1)
-
black shale (15)
-
claystone (3)
-
conglomerate (1)
-
graywacke (1)
-
marl (4)
-
mudstone (11)
-
sandstone (8)
-
shale (11)
-
siltstone (6)
-
tillite (1)
-
-
coal (3)
-
oil sands (1)
-
oil shale (1)
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
tempestite (1)
-
turbidite (2)
-
volcaniclastics (1)
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
burrows (1)
-
mounds (1)
-
sedimentary structures
-
biogenic structures
-
bioherms (1)
-
bioturbation (4)
-
lebensspuren (1)
-
-
planar bedding structures
-
cross-laminations (1)
-
cross-stratification (1)
-
laminations (1)
-
-
secondary structures
-
concretions (2)
-
-
-
stratification (2)
-
-
sediments
-
oolite (1)
-
sediments
-
clastic sediments
-
erratics (2)
-
pebbles (2)
-
sand (1)
-
-
marine sediments (1)
-
-
siliciclastics (2)
-
tempestite (1)
-
turbidite (2)
-
volcaniclastics (1)
-
Toarcian
No effect of thermal maturity on the Mo, U, Cd, and Zn isotope compositions of Lower Jurassic organic-rich sediments
Abstract The study of past climate changes is pivotal for understanding the complex biogeochemical interactions through time between the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, which are critical for predicting future global changes. The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, also known as the Jenkyns Event, was a hyperthermal episode that occurred during the early Toarcian ( c. 183 Ma; Early Jurassic) and resulted in numerous collateral effects including global warming, enhanced weathering, sea-level change, carbonate crisis, marine anoxia–dysoxia and biotic crisis. The IGCP-655 project of the IUGS–UNESCO has constituted an international network of researchers with different disciplinary skills who have collaborated and shared conceptual advances on uncovering drivers of the environmental changes and ecosystem responses. This volume, Carbon Cycle and Ecosystem Response to the Jenkyns Event in the Early Toarcian (Jurassic) , presents 16 works that investigate the early Toarcian environmental changes related to the global warming, sea-level rise, carbon cycle perturbation and second-order mass extinction through biostratigraphy, micropalaeontology, palaeontology, ichnology, palaeoecology, sedimentology, integrated stratigraphy, inorganic, organic and isotopic geochemistry, and cyclostratigraphy.
The effects of the Jenkyns Event on the radiation of Early Jurassic dinoflagellate cysts
Abstract This contribution is an overview of the Early Jurassic dinoflagellate cysts of the Lusitanian Basin in Portugal, with particular emphasis on the effects of the Jenkyns Event (Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event) on the evolution of this planktonic group. We review and discuss data from 214 samples from six Lower Jurassic successions (upper Sinemurian to upper Toarcian) in the Lusitanian Basin. The late Pliensbachian radiation of dinoflagellate cysts was well recognized in this basin. The pre-Jenkyns Event interval is highly productive, with maximum abundance and species richness values. However, this palaeoenvironmental perturbation severely affected the evolution of this group for the remainder of the Early Jurassic. The prolonged recovery of the dinoflagellates in the Toarcian following the Jenkyns Event is not typical of the northern regions (Arctic and Boreal realms), where new species began to evolve earlier compared with southern European basins.
Abstract Quantitative analysis performed on latest Pliensbachian–early Toarcian calcareous nannofossil assemblages from the Camino section (Basque Cantabrian Basin) allowed their response to the environmental changes recorded during this time interval to be deciphered, characterized by an extinction event. The results were introduced within a principal component analysis and compared with the stable isotope and total organic carbon curves. During the latest Pliensbachian, the Mirabile and the lowermost part of the Semicelatum Ammonite Subzones, Schizosphaerella , Bussonius prinsii , Biscutum finchii , Calcivascularis jansae and Similiscutum avitum , taxa that probably thrived in rather cold waters, dominated the calcareous nannofossil assemblages. Coinciding with warmer and wetter conditions, which probably led to an increase in surface water fertility, recorded slightly below the extinction boundary, the mesotrophic taxa B. novum , L. hauffii and Calyculus spp. were dominant. Nevertheless, T. patulus and C. jansae , which became extinct just below the extinction boundary, show preferences for oligotrophic conditions. Salinities similar to those of modern oceans have been inferred around the extinction boundary, considering the coupling between the abundances of Calyculus spp. and the species richness together with the absence of black shales. After the extinction boundary, nannofossil assemblages were dominated by the deep-dwelling C. crassus and the shallow-dwelling Lotharingius species, interpreted as opportunistic taxa. This work confirms that calcareous nannofossils are a really useful tool for palaeoceanographic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, especially in terms of climatic changes.
Primary v. carbonate production in the Toarcian, a case study from the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole, Wales
Abstract The leading hypothesis for the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE; c. 183 Ma) and the associated negative C-isotope excursion is the massive release of 12 C favouring greenhouse conditions and continental weathering. The nutrient delivery to shallow basins supported productivity and, because of O 2 consumption by organic-matter respiration, anoxia development. However, several studies have shown that calcareous nannoplankton experienced a decrease during the T-OAE. Nannofossil fluxes measured in the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole, Wales, UK, were the highest prior to the negative C-isotope excursion, along with high amounts of taxa indicative of nutrient-rich environments (Biscutaceae). Such conditions attest to high productivity. Fluxes show the lowest values in the core of the event, along with a size decrease of Schizosphaerella and a peak in Calyculaceae. The recovery of nannofossil fluxes and Schizosphaerella size occurred concomitant with the return of C-isotopes to more positive values. Concomitantly, deep dwellers ( Crepidolithus crassus ) dominated, indicating a recovery of the photic-zone productivity. These observations demonstrate that the cascade of environmental responses to the initial perturbation was more complex than previously considered. In spite of elevated nutrient delivery to epicontinental basins in the early Toarcian, carbonate and primary productions of nannoplankton were depressed in the core the T-OAE, probably because of prolonged thermohaline seawater stratification.
Abstract Ophiuroids, the slender-armed cousins of starfish, constitute an important component of modern marine benthos and have been used successfully in the exploration of (palaeo)-ecological and evolutionary trends, yet their fossil record is still poorly known. One of the major gaps in the known palaeobiodiversity of this group coincides with a global palaeoenvironmental crisis during the early Toarcian (Early Jurassic, 183 myr ago), known as the Jenkyns Event. Here we describe ophiuroid remains retrieved from a series of samples from the Dudelange (Luxembourg) drill core, which spans the lower part of the Toarcian, between the top of the Pliensbachian and the onset of the Jenkyns Event. A total of 21 species are recorded, including three new genera and 12 new species. Ophiuroid diversity and abundance fluctuate in parallel with depositional facies, with lowest values coinciding with black shales. Highest diversities, including exceptional occurrences of taxa nowadays restricted to deep-sea areas, are recorded from just below the black shales, corresponding to the onset of the Jenkyns Event. Our results show that even small (100 g) bulk sediment samples retrieved from drill cores can yield numerous identifiable ophiuroid remains, thus unlocking this group for the study of faunal change across palaeoenvironmental crises.
The palaeoenvironmental context of Toarcian vertebrate-yielding shales of southern France (Hérault)
Abstract The Early Jurassic was marked by several episodes of rapid climate change and environmental perturbation. These changes culminated during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE), an episode of global warming that led to the widespread deposition of organic-rich shales. The Toarcian shales of NW Europe have also yielded exceptionally preserved fossils of marine vertebrates and invertebrates, but the potential links between the occurrences of these exceptionally preserved fossils and the T-OAE remain poorly investigated. Palaeontological excavations realized in Toarcian strata near Lodève (Hérault, southern France) have yielded several specimens of marine vertebrates and abundant invertebrate fauna. We have developed a multiproxy approach (ammonite biostratigraphy, X-ray diffraction-bulk mineralogy, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, stable isotopes, trace element, phosphorus and mercury contents) to place these findings in a well-defined temporal and palaeoenvironmental context, and hence constrain the factors that led to their remarkable preservation. The Jenkyns Event interval, unambiguously identified at the base of the Toarcian organic-rich shales by a 5‰ negative carbon isotope excursion, records higher mercury fluxes, which suggest a causal link with intense volcanic activity of the Karoo–Ferrar large igneous province. This interval is very condensed and unfossiliferous, and might have been deposited under abnormally low-salinity conditions. Our data show that the deposition of the vertebrate-yielding horizons post-dated the T-OAE by several hundreds of ka, and took place during a prolonged period of widespread oxygen-deficiency and elevated carbon burial. Our results indicate that the unusual richness in vertebrates of the studied site can be explained by a combination of regional factors such as warming-induced, prolonged seafloor anoxia, and more local factors, such as extreme condensation owing to reduced dilution by carbonate and detrital input.
Abstract We report new ichthyosaur material excavated in lower Toarcian levels of the LafargeHolcim Val d'Azergues quarry in Beaujolais, SE France. A partially articulated skull and a smaller, unprepared but likely subcomplete skeleton preserved in a carbonate concretion are identified as stenopterygiids, a family of wide European distribution during the Early Jurassic. These specimens are among the finest preserved Toarcian exemplars known from Europe and, in one of them, soft tissue preservation is suspected. Their state of preservation is attributed to the combination of prolonged anoxic conditions near the water–sediment interface and early carbonate cementation resulting from the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria. We also present carbon and strontium isotope values obtained from the study site that all