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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo (1)
-
-
Congo Basin (1)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Sudan (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
-
Egypt (1)
-
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Karoo Basin (3)
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (2)
-
Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (2)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Guinea-Bissau (1)
-
Liberia (1)
-
Mali (2)
-
Mauritania (1)
-
Senegal (1)
-
Taoudenni Basin (1)
-
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (2)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (1)
-
-
Marie Byrd Land (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (2)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains (2)
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean (1)
-
Arctic region
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Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
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Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (4)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Chongqing China (1)
-
Guizhou China (1)
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Henan China (1)
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Hubei China
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Yichang China (1)
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South China Block (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Himachal Pradesh India (1)
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Pakistan (1)
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Siberian Platform (1)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Shetland Islands (1)
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-
Australasia
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Australia
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Adelaide Geosyncline (1)
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Officer Basin (1)
-
South Australia
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Flinders Ranges (2)
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Mount Lofty Ranges (1)
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Tasmania Australia (3)
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Western Australia (2)
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Caledonides (3)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Ontario (2)
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Mackenzie Mountains (2)
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Western Canada
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Northwest Territories (4)
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Saskatchewan (1)
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Yukon Territory (1)
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Cascade Range (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Death Valley (1)
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Drake Passage (1)
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Europe
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Western Europe
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France
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Normandy (1)
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Ireland
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Donegal Ireland (1)
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Scandinavia
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Finland (1)
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Norway
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Varanger Fjord (1)
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Varanger Peninsula (1)
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Northern Norway (3)
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-
-
United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England (1)
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Scotland
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Scottish Highlands
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Grampian Highlands (2)
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Shetland Islands (1)
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Northern Ireland (1)
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-
-
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North America
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Appalachians
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Blue Ridge Province (1)
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Canadian Shield (1)
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Great Lakes region (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Wasatch Range (1)
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Scotia Sea Islands
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Snake River (1)
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South America
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Amazon Basin (1)
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Argentina
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Bolivia (1)
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Brazil
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Minas Gerais Brazil (1)
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Sao Paulo Brazil (2)
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Chaco (1)
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Parana Basin (3)
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Peru (1)
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Taoudenni (2)
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United States
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Alaska (1)
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California
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Inyo County California (1)
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San Bernardino County California (1)
-
-
Colorado (1)
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Massachusetts
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Norfolk County Massachusetts (1)
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Suffolk County Massachusetts
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Boston Massachusetts (1)
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-
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Wasatch Range (1)
-
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Utah (3)
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Virginia
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Albemarle County Virginia (1)
-
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commodities
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diamond deposits (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (1)
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petroleum (2)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (7)
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organic carbon (1)
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isotope ratios (4)
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isotopes
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (7)
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O-17 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (4)
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metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium (1)
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hafnium (1)
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iron (1)
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
oxygen
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O-17 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Osteichthyes
-
Sarcopterygii
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Crossopterygii (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (1)
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eukaryotes (1)
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Graptolithina (1)
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ichnofossils (1)
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Invertebrata
-
Archaeocyatha (1)
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Brachiopoda
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Inarticulata
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Lingula (1)
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-
-
Porifera (1)
-
Protista
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Radiolaria (1)
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Silicoflagellata (1)
-
-
-
Metazoa (2)
-
microfossils
-
Chitinozoa (1)
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-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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Chitinozoa (1)
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miospores
-
pollen (1)
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-
-
Plantae
-
algae
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diatoms (1)
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-
-
problematic fossils (1)
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prokaryotes (1)
-
-
geochronology methods
-
Ar/Ar (2)
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K/Ar (2)
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paleomagnetism (9)
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U/Pb (6)
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U/Th/Pb (1)
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-
geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene (2)
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Sirius Group (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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middle Miocene (1)
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Pliocene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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upper Eocene (1)
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Oligocene
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lower Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene (1)
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upper Paleogene (1)
-
-
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upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Dalradian (6)
-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Aptian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Toarcian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian (2)
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Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Devonian (1)
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Itarare Subgroup (1)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Middle Ordovician
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Llandeilian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
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Caradocian (1)
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Hirnantian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (1)
-
Telychian (1)
-
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (3)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (3)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
Eocambrian (3)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
Luoquan Formation (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Banxi Group (1)
-
Huronian
-
Gowganda Formation (2)
-
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (4)
-
Ediacaran
-
Wonoka Formation (1)
-
-
Hadrynian (1)
-
Infracambrian (2)
-
Marinoan (7)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Riphean
-
upper Riphean (1)
-
-
Sturtian (5)
-
Vendian (11)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Orosirian (1)
-
-
Sinian
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
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plutonic rocks
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gabbros (2)
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granites (1)
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lamproite (1)
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lamprophyres (1)
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ultramafics (1)
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-
volcanic rocks
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basalts (3)
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basanite (1)
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phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
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hyaloclastite (1)
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tuff (1)
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trachytes (3)
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-
-
-
metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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gneisses (1)
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itabirite (1)
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metasedimentary rocks
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metasandstone (1)
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phyllites (1)
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quartzites (2)
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turbidite (5)
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minerals
-
hydrates (1)
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minerals (2)
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silicates
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framework silicates
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (3)
-
-
-
magnesian silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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garnet group (3)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (7)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
clay minerals
-
smectite (1)
-
-
illite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
barite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (10)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo (1)
-
-
Congo Basin (1)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Sudan (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Algeria
-
Ahaggar (1)
-
-
Egypt (1)
-
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Karoo Basin (3)
-
Namibia (1)
-
South Africa
-
Cape Province region (2)
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Free State South Africa
-
Vredefort Dome (1)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Ghana (2)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Guinea-Bissau (1)
-
Liberia (1)
-
Mali (2)
-
Mauritania (1)
-
Senegal (1)
-
Taoudenni Basin (1)
-
-
West African Shield (1)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (2)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula (1)
-
Ellsworth Land
-
Ellsworth Mountains (1)
-
-
Marie Byrd Land (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (2)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains (2)
-
Victoria Land (1)
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean (1)
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen (4)
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Oman
-
Oman Mountains (1)
-
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Chongqing China (1)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Henan China (1)
-
Hubei China
-
Yichang China (1)
-
-
South China Block (1)
-
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Himachal Pradesh India (1)
-
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Adelaide Geosyncline (1)
-
Officer Basin (1)
-
South Australia
-
Flinders Ranges (2)
-
Mount Lofty Ranges (1)
-
-
Tasmania Australia (3)
-
Western Australia (2)
-
-
-
biogeography (1)
-
Canada
-
Eastern Canada
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland
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Avalon Peninsula (1)
-
-
-
Ontario (2)
-
-
Mackenzie Mountains (2)
-
Western Canada
-
Northwest Territories (4)
-
Saskatchewan (1)
-
Yukon Territory (1)
-
-
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (7)
-
organic carbon (1)
-
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (1)
-
Pleistocene (2)
-
-
Sirius Group (1)
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene
-
middle Miocene (1)
-
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
-
Oligocene
-
lower Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene (1)
-
upper Paleogene (1)
-
-
-
upper Cenozoic (1)
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Osteichthyes
-
Sarcopterygii
-
Crossopterygii (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
clay mineralogy (1)
-
climate change (2)
-
continental drift (1)
-
coprolites (1)
-
crystal growth (1)
-
data processing (1)
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deformation (3)
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diagenesis (3)
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diamond deposits (1)
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economic geology (3)
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electron microscopy (1)
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Europe
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Baltic region (1)
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Western Europe
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France
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Normandy (1)
-
-
Ireland
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Donegal Ireland (1)
-
-
Scandinavia
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Finland (1)
-
Norway
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Finnmark Norway
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Varanger Fjord (1)
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Varanger Peninsula (1)
-
-
Northern Norway (3)
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
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England (1)
-
Scotland
-
Scottish Highlands
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Grampian Highlands (2)
-
-
Shetland Islands (1)
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
-
-
faults (2)
-
folds (3)
-
foliation (1)
-
fractures (1)
-
geochemistry (4)
-
geochronology (3)
-
geomorphology (1)
-
glacial geology (38)
-
Graptolithina (1)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
kimberlite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
gabbros (2)
-
granites (1)
-
lamproite (1)
-
lamprophyres (1)
-
ultramafics (1)
-
-
volcanic rocks
-
basalts (3)
-
basanite (1)
-
phonolites (1)
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
trachytes (3)
-
-
-
intrusions (1)
-
Invertebrata
-
Archaeocyatha (1)
-
Brachiopoda
-
Inarticulata
-
Lingula (1)
-
-
-
Porifera (1)
-
Protista
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
Silicoflagellata (1)
-
-
-
isotopes
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (7)
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
-
lava (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian (1)
-
Aptian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Toarcian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
-
Carnian (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
-
-
-
metals
-
alkaline earth metals
-
strontium (1)
-
-
hafnium (1)
-
iron (1)
-
rare earths (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
gneisses (1)
-
itabirite (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metasandstone (1)
-
-
phyllites (1)
-
quartzites (2)
-
-
metamorphism (2)
-
metasomatism (1)
-
mineral deposits, genesis (1)
-
minerals (2)
-
North America
-
Appalachians
-
Blue Ridge Province (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield (1)
-
Great Lakes region (1)
-
Rocky Mountains
-
U. S. Rocky Mountains
-
Wasatch Range (1)
-
-
-
-
ocean basins (1)
-
orogeny (4)
-
oxygen
-
O-17 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (4)
-
-
paleoclimatology (21)
-
paleoecology (1)
-
paleogeography (18)
-
paleomagnetism (9)
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian
-
Tommotian (1)
-
-
Middle Cambrian (1)
-
Upper Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Pennsylvanian (2)
-
Upper Carboniferous (2)
-
-
Devonian (1)
-
Itarare Subgroup (1)
-
lower Paleozoic (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Llandeilian (1)
-
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (2)
-
Caradocian (1)
-
Hirnantian (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Lower Permian
-
Al Khlata Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery
-
Aeronian (1)
-
Telychian (1)
-
-
Wenlock (1)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (3)
-
-
-
palynology (1)
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
Chitinozoa (1)
-
miospores
-
pollen (1)
-
-
-
petroleum (2)
-
petrology (4)
-
Phanerozoic (3)
-
Plantae
-
algae
-
diatoms (1)
-
-
-
plate tectonics (2)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (1)
-
Eocambrian (3)
-
Kingston Peak Formation (1)
-
Luoquan Formation (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Banxi Group (1)
-
Huronian
-
Gowganda Formation (2)
-
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (4)
-
Ediacaran
-
Wonoka Formation (1)
-
-
Hadrynian (1)
-
Infracambrian (2)
-
Marinoan (7)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Riphean
-
upper Riphean (1)
-
-
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Abstract Nineteen large (2348–4285 m above sea level) central polygenetic alkaline shield-like composite volcanoes and numerous smaller volcanoes in Marie Byrd Land (MBL) and western Ellsworth Land rise above the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and comprise the MBL Volcanic Group (MBLVG). Earliest MBLVG volcanism dates to the latest Eocene (36.6 Ma). Polygenetic volcanism began by the middle Miocene (13.4 Ma) and has continued into the Holocene without major interruptions, producing the central volcanoes with 24 large (2–10 km-diameter) summit calderas and abundant evidence for explosive eruptions in caldera-rim deposits. Rock lithofacies are dominated by basanite and trachyte/phonolite lava and breccia, deposited in both subaerial and ice-contact environments. The chronology of MBLVG volcanism is well constrained by 330 age analyses, including 52 new 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages. A volcanic lithofacies record of glaciation provides evidence of local ice-cap glaciation at 29–27 Ma and of widespread WAIS glaciation by 9 Ma. Late Quaternary glaciovolcanic records document WAIS expansions that correlate to eustatic sea-level lowstands (MIS 16, 4 and 2): the WAIS was +500 m at 609 ka at coastal Mount Murphy, and +400 m at 64.7 ka, +400 m at 21.2 ka and +575 m at 17.5 ka at inland Mount Takahe.
Detrital zircons from Late Paleozoic Ice Age sequences in Victoria Land (Antarctica): New constraints on the glaciation of southern Gondwana
U–Pb isotopic ages and provenance of some far-travelled exotic pebbles from glaciogenic sediments of the Polonez Cove Formation (Oligocene, King George Island)
Internal versus external locations of the South China Craton within Rodinia during the Cryogenian: Provenance history of the Nanhua Basin
Formation of magnesium silicate hydrate cement in nature
A terrestrial perspective on using ex situ shocked zircons to date lunar impacts
Tillites at the base of the Vendian Taseeva Group in the stratotype section ( Siberian craton )
THE FACIES ASSOCIATION TILLITE, BOULDER BEDS, BOULDER PAVEMENTS, LIQUEFACTION STRUCTURES AND DEFORMED DRAINAGE CHANNELS IN THE PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS DWYKA GROUP, ELANDSVLEI AREA, SOUTH AFRICA
How tillite weathering during the snowball Earth aftermath induced cap carbonate deposition
The chronostratigraphic space of the lithosphere and the Vendian as a geohistorical subdivision of the Neoproterozoic
An ice grounding-line wedge from the Ghaub glaciation (635 Ma) on the distal foreslope of the Otavi carbonate platform, Namibia, and its bearing on the snowball Earth hypothesis
Neoproterozoic loess and limits to snowball Earth
Sea ice−free conditions during the Sturtian glaciation (early Cryogenian), South Australia
Timing the deposition of 17 O-depleted barite at the aftermath of Nantuo glacial meltdown in South China
Isotopic ages and palaeomagnetism of selected magmatic rocks from King George Island (Antarctic Peninsula)
‘SNOWBALL EARTH’: THE EARLY CONTRIBUTION FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA
A composite C-isotope profile for the Neoproterozoic Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland and Ireland
Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins with glacigenic deposits of the East Greenland Caledonides
Two major Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins that probably formed in response to an early pulse of Iapetan rifting along the Laurentian margin are well exposed in the East Greenland Caledonides. The Hekla Sund Basin is exposed at the northern termination of the East Greenland Caledonides, and it is represented by the Rivieradal and Hagen Fjord Groups, which attain a cumulative thickness of 8–11 km. The evolution of this basin reflects deposition during active rifting and a postrift thermal equilibration stage. The Eleonore Bay Basin of East Greenland includes the deposits of the Eleonore Bay Supergroup of early Neoproterozoic age overlain by Cryogenian (mid-Neoproterozoic) glacial deposits of the Tillite Group, which have a combined thickness in excess of 14 km. Four stages of basin evolution may be distinguished based on paleogeographic reorganizations of the shelf and a change from siliciclastic to carbonate deposition, and the final stage was dominated by glacigenic deposition. Major regional stratigraphic breaks seem to be absent, as is other evidence of rift-related sedimentation, suggesting deposition in one or a series of connected ensialic basins. A comparison with other Neoproterozoic basins along the Laurentian margin of the Iapetus Ocean shows similarities between the Eleonore Bay Basin and coeval deposits on Svalbard and the Central Highlands of Scotland. The development of an extensive carbonate platform during the later stages of both the Eleonore Bay and Hekla Sund Basins testifies to a period of tectonic stability prior to onset of Iapetus rifting. The extent of this carbonate platform may have been even larger, since similar successions are present in the Caledonides of Scotland and Ireland.